Network Function Virtualization

Ying Zhang is a Software Engineer in the Facebook network infrastructure team. Prior to joining Facebook, she was a senior researcher and research manager at Hewlett Packard Labs. She has served on the technical program committee of several conferences and workshops, and is a senior member of the IEEE. She has been granted 30+ US/International patents. She was reported by Swedish media as a "Mobile Network 10 Brightest Researcher" in 2015 and was awarded the N2Women Rising Star in Networking and Communications award in 2017.

• List of Figures ixList of Tables xiiPreface xiiiList of Abbreviation and Acronyms xv1 Introduction 11.1 Cloud-Enabled 5G: SDN and NFV 31.1.1 Benefits 61.1.2 Challenges 71.2 Supporting Technologies 81.2.1 Cloud Computing 81.2.2 Network Virtualization 91.2.3 Network Functions Virtualization 91.2.4 Software-Defined Networking 101.3 Outline of Chapters 102 Virtualization and Cloud Computing 132.1 Cloud Computing 132.1.1 Architecture 132.1.2 Types of Clouds 152.1.3 Challenges 162.2 Host Virtualization 182.2.1 Overview 182.2.1.1 Benefits 192.2.1.2 Use Cases 192.2.2 Virtualization Techniques 202.2.2.1 Hardware-Level Virtualization 202.2.2.2 Other Virtualization Techniques 212.2.3 Containers 212.3 Network Virtualization 222.3.1 Overlay Networks 242.3.2 Virtual Private Network 242.3.3 Virtual Sharing Networks 272.3.4 Switch-Based SDN Virtualization 292.3.5 Host-Based Network Virtualization 312.4 Wireless Virtualization 322.5 Summary 363 Network Function Virtualization 373.1 NFV Architecture 383.2 NFV Use Cases and Examples 423.3 NFV Challenges 453.4 NFV Orchestration 463.4.1 NFV Performance Characterization 473.4.2 NFV Performance Improvements 493.5 NF Modeling 503.5.1 Source-Code-Based Modeling 523.5.1.1 Background 523.5.1.2 Modeling Example 533.5.1.3 Models 553.5.1.4 Model Extraction Overview 563.5.2 Modeling Applications 583.6 VNF Placement 593.7 Summary 634 Software-Defined Networks Principles and Applications 654.1 SDN Overview 664.1.1 Motivations 664.1.2 Architecture 674.1.2.1 Separation of Control and Data Plane 674.1.2.2 Northbound Open APIs 694.1.2.3 Southbound Control/Data Plane Protocol 694.1.2.4 Applications 704.1.3 Use Cases 704.2 SDN Controller 714.2.1 Controller Deployment Choices 734.2.2 Apps on SDN Controller 754.3 SDN Data Plane 764.4 SDN Management 784.4.1 Anomaly Detection 784.4.2 Network Measurement 804.4.3 Failure Recovery 824.4.4 Controller Placement 844.4.4.1 A Special Study: Controller to Switch Connectivity 874.4.4.2 Node Versus Link Failure 924.4.4.3 Downstream Versus Upstream Nodes 934.5 SDN Security Attack Prevention 944.6 SDN Traffic Engineering 964.6.1 TE Architecture and Solution Overview 984.6.1.1 Hierarchical Control Structure 984.6.1.2 Control Node Design 994.6.1.3 Scalability Benefit 1004.6.2 Design Challenges 1004.6.3 TE Solution Overview 1014.7 Summary 1025 SDN and NFV in 5G 1055.1 5G Overview 1065.1.1 Architecture 1065.2 Service Function Chaining 1085.2.1 OpenFlow-Based SFC Solution 1105.2.1.1 Represent Directions with Port Types 1145.2.1.2 Realize Policies with Multiple Forwarding Tables 1155.2.1.3 Handle Dynamics with the Microflow Table 1165.2.1.4 Encode Service Chaining with Metadata 1175.2.1.5 Summary of Dataplane Functions 1185.2.2 SFC Monitoring 1185.2.2.1 Handling Multiple Monitoring Tasks 1215.2.3 Optical SFC 1225.2.3.1 Service Placement in Optical NFV 1255.2.4 Verification of Service Function Chaining 1285.3 Core Network Functions Virtualization: vEPC 1315.3.1 Existing Solutions Problems 1335.3.2 Virtualization and Cloud-Assisted PC 1345.4 Virtualized Customer Premises Equipment 1375.4.1 Requirements 1385.4.2 Design 1405.5 Summary 1426 Open Source and Research Activities 1436.1 Open Source Initiatives 1446.1.1 OpenStack 1446.1.2 OpenDayLight 1466.1.3 OPNFV 1486.1.4 CORD: Central Office Re-architected as a Data Center 1506.2 NFV Research Problems 1516.3 Summary 152References 153Index 163