Jane Kucera is a chemical engineer with 25 years' experience in the area of membrane technology. Jane began her work with membranes in the Seawater Laboratory at UCLA where she received her Master of Chemical Engineering degree in 1984. She worked for 7 years with Bend Research, where she worked on water re-use systems for the International Space Station. Ms. Kucera's subsequent career path is a "who's who" of the world's most respected companies working in water treatment, including GE and Siemens. She joined the Nalco Company in 2003, where she is a senior engineer with a variety of responsibilities. She published Reverse Osmosis through Wilely-Scrivener in 2010, a book that has become the template for that technology, worldwide. She also has approximately 40 publications to her credit, including journal articles, and presentations. Wiley-Scrivener imprint.

• Preface xxi 1 Introduction to Desalination 1Jane Kucera2 Thermal Desalination Processes 513 Basic Terms and Definitions 1394 Nanofiltration – Theory and Application 163Christopher Bellona5 Forward Osmosis 209Jeffrey McCutcheon, Lingling Xia and Nhu-Ngoc Bui6 Electrodialysis Desalination 245Jae-Hwan Choi, Hong-Joo Lee and Seung-Hyeon Moon7 Continuous Electrodeionization 287Jonathan H. Wood and Joseph D. Gifford8 Membrane Distillation: Now and Future 329Xing Yang, Anthony G. Fane and Rong Wang9 Humidification Dehumidification Desalination 387John H. Lienhard V10 Freezing-Melting Desalination Processes 433Mohammad Shafiur Rahman and Mohamed Al-Khusaibi11 Ion Exchange in Desalination 479Bill Bornak12 Electrosorption of Heavy Metals with Capacitive Deionization: Water Reuse, Desalination and Resources Recovery 497Pei Xu, Brian Elson and Jörg E Drewes13 Solar Desalination 525Eydhah Almatrafi, D. Yogi Goswami, Mohammad Abutayeh, Chennan Li and Elias K. Stefanakos14 Wind Energy Powered Desalination Systems 567Jaime González, Pedro Cabrera and José A. Carta15 Geothermal Desalination 647Veera Gnaneswar Gude16 Future Expectations 683References 717List of Contributors 721Index 737

Jane Kucera is a chemical engineer with 25 years' experience in the area of membrane technology. Jane began her work with membranes in the Seawater Laboratory at UCLA where she received her Master of Chemical Engineering degree in 1984. She worked for 7 years with Bend Research, where she worked on water re-use systems for the International Space Station. Ms. Kucera's subsequent career path is a "who's who" of the world's most respected companies working in water treatment, including GE and Siemens. She joined the Nalco Company in 2003, where she is a senior engineer with a variety of responsibilities. She published Reverse Osmosis through Wilely-Scrivener in 2010, a book that has become the template for that technology, worldwide. She also has approximately 40 publications to her credit, including journal articles, and presentations. Wiley-Scrivener imprint.

• Preface xxi 1 Introduction to Desalination 1Jane Kucera2 Thermal Desalination Processes 513 Basic Terms and Definitions 1394 Nanofiltration – Theory and Application 163Christopher Bellona5 Forward Osmosis 209Jeffrey McCutcheon, Lingling Xia and Nhu-Ngoc Bui6 Electrodialysis Desalination 245Jae-Hwan Choi, Hong-Joo Lee and Seung-Hyeon Moon7 Continuous Electrodeionization 287Jonathan H. Wood and Joseph D. Gifford8 Membrane Distillation: Now and Future 329Xing Yang, Anthony G. Fane and Rong Wang9 Humidification Dehumidification Desalination 387John H. Lienhard V10 Freezing-Melting Desalination Processes 433Mohammad Shafiur Rahman and Mohamed Al-Khusaibi11 Ion Exchange in Desalination 479Bill Bornak12 Electrosorption of Heavy Metals with Capacitive Deionization: Water Reuse, Desalination and Resources Recovery 497Pei Xu, Brian Elson and Jörg E Drewes13 Solar Desalination 525Eydhah Almatrafi, D. Yogi Goswami, Mohammad Abutayeh, Chennan Li and Elias K. Stefanakos14 Wind Energy Powered Desalination Systems 567Jaime González, Pedro Cabrera and José A. Carta15 Geothermal Desalination 647Veera Gnaneswar Gude16 Future Expectations 683References 717List of Contributors 721Index 737

Jane Kucera is a chemical engineer with 25 years' experience in the area of membrane technology. Jane began her work with membranes in the Seawater Laboratory at UCLA where she received her Master of Chemical Engineering degree in 1984. She worked for 7 years with Bend Research, where she worked on water re-use systems for the International Space Station. Ms. Kucera's subsequent career path is a "who's who" of the world's most respected companies working in water treatment, including GE and Siemens. She joined the Nalco Company in 2003, where she is a senior engineer with a variety of responsibilities. She published Reverse Osmosis through Wilely-Scrivener in 2010, a book that has become the template for that technology, worldwide. She also has approximately 40 publications to her credit, including journal articles, and presentations. Wiley-Scrivener imprint.

• Preface xxi 1 Introduction to Desalination 1Jane Kucera2 Thermal Desalination Processes 513 Basic Terms and Definitions 1394 Nanofiltration – Theory and Application 163Christopher Bellona5 Forward Osmosis 209Jeffrey McCutcheon, Lingling Xia and Nhu-Ngoc Bui6 Electrodialysis Desalination 245Jae-Hwan Choi, Hong-Joo Lee and Seung-Hyeon Moon7 Continuous Electrodeionization 287Jonathan H. Wood and Joseph D. Gifford8 Membrane Distillation: Now and Future 329Xing Yang, Anthony G. Fane and Rong Wang9 Humidification Dehumidification Desalination 387John H. Lienhard V10 Freezing-Melting Desalination Processes 433Mohammad Shafiur Rahman and Mohamed Al-Khusaibi11 Ion Exchange in Desalination 479Bill Bornak12 Electrosorption of Heavy Metals with Capacitive Deionization: Water Reuse, Desalination and Resources Recovery 497Pei Xu, Brian Elson and Jörg E Drewes13 Solar Desalination 525Eydhah Almatrafi, D. Yogi Goswami, Mohammad Abutayeh, Chennan Li and Elias K. Stefanakos14 Wind Energy Powered Desalination Systems 567Jaime González, Pedro Cabrera and José A. Carta15 Geothermal Desalination 647Veera Gnaneswar Gude16 Future Expectations 683References 717List of Contributors 721Index 737