About the Editors GEORGE GERSHMAN, MD, PHD, Pediatric Gastroenterologist, Professor of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine. Chief, Division of Pediatrics Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California. MIKE THOMSON, MBChB, DCH, FRCP, FRCPCH, MD, Professor of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Interventional Endoscopy, Director of the International Academy for Paediatric Endoscopy Training, Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Haepatology, Sheffield Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.

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• Personal statements ixContributors xviiAbout the Companion Website xxiiiPart One Pediatric Endoscopy Setting 11 Introduction 3George Gershman and Mike Thomson2 History of pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy 5Samy Cadranel, Jean-François Mougenot, and Douglas S. Fishman3 The endoscopy unit 11Harpreet Pall4 Pediatric procedural sedation and general anesthesia for gastrointestinal endoscopy 15Tom Kallay, Rok Orel, and Jernej Brecelj5 Pediatric endoscopy training and ongoing assessment 23Catharine M. Walsh, Looi Ee, Mike Thomson, and Jenifer R. Lightdale6 Recertification and revalidation as concepts in pediatric endoscopy 31Priya Narula and Mike Thomson7 The role of the Global Rating Scale in pediatric endoscopy 33Priya Narula and Mike Thomson8 Quality indicators as a critical part of pediatric endoscopy provision 37Priya Narula and Mike Thomson9 e-learning in pediatric endoscopy 41Claudio Romano and Mike ThomsonPart Two Diagnostic Pediatric Endoscopy 4310 Indications for gastrointestinal endoscopy in childhood 45Dalia Belsha, Jerome Viala, George Gershman, and Mike Thomson11 Diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy 53George Gershman and Mike Thomson12 Pediatric ileocolonoscopy 77George Gershman and Mike Thomson13 Handling of specimens and orientation of biopsies 113Marta C. Cohen and Paul Arnold14 Enteroscopy 117Mike Thomson and Arun Urs15 Wireless capsule endoscopy 129Mike Thomson16 Endoscopic ultrasonography 141Simona Faraci, Luigi Dall'Oglio, Paola de Angelis, and Douglas S. Fishman17 Chromoendoscopy 157Mike Thomson and Paul Hurlstone18 Confocal laser endomicroscopy in the diagnosis of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders 167Mike Thomson and Krishnappa Venkatesh19 High-risk pediatric endoscopy 175Jenifer R. Lightdale, Mike Thomson, and Douglas S. FishmanPart Three Pediatric GI Pathologies and the Role of Endoscopy in Their Management 18320 Esophagitis 185Mário C. Vieira, Luciana B. Mendez Ribeiro, and Sabine Krüger Truppel21 Eosinophilic esophagitis 195Calies Menard-Katcher, Glenn T. Furuta, and Robert E. Kramer22 Gastritis and gastropathy 201Shishu Sharma and Mike Thomson23 Celiac disease 207Alina Popp, Vasile Daniel Balaban, and Markku Mäki24 Role of endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease including scoring systems 213Salvatore Oliva, Mike Thomson, David Wilson, and Dan TurnerPart Four Therapeutic Pediatric Endoscopy 22125 Endoscopic management of esophageal strictures 223Michael Manfredi, Frederick Gottrand, Luigi Dall'Oglio, Mike Thomson, George Gershman, Antonio Quiros, and Thierry Lamireau26 Endoscopic management of caustic ingestion 235Erasmo Miele and Samy Cadranel27 Pneumatic balloon dilation and peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia 241Valerio Balassone, Mike Thomson, and George Gershman28 Endoscopic approaches to the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease 249Mike Thomson and Chris Fraser29 Foreign body ingestion 261Raoul Furlano, George Gershman, and Jenifer R. Lightdale30 Non-variceal endoscopic hemostasis 269George Gershman, Jorge H. Vargas, and Mike Thomson31 Variceal endoscopic hemostasis 279Patrick McKiernan, Lauren Johanson, and Mike Thomson32 Endoscopic approach to obscure gastrointestinal bleeding lesions 287Natalia Nedelkopoulou, Sara Isoldi, Dalia Belsha, and Mike Thomson33 Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy 295Natalie Bhesania, Mike Thomson, and Marsha Kay34 Single-stage percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy 305Andreia Nita, Jorge Amil-Dias, Arun Urs, Mike Thomson, and Prithviraj Rao35 Pediatric laparoscopic-assisted direct percutaneous jejunostomy 317Mike Thomson, Jonathan Goring, Richard Lindley, and Sean Marven36 Naso-jejunal and Gastro-jejunal tube placement 323George Gershman37 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography 325Douglas S. Fishman, Paola de Angelis, Luigi Dall'Oglio, and Victor Fox38 Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts 343Mike Thomson39 Duodenal web division by endoscopy 347Mike Thomson, Shishu Sharma, Filippo Torroni, and Jonathan Goring40 Polypectomy 351George Gershman, Mike Thomson, and Gabor Veres41 Endomucosal resection 361Mike Thomson and Paul Hurlstone42 Endoscopic management of polyposis syndromes 371Warren Hyer, Mike Thomson, and Thomas Attard43 Transnasal gastrointestinal endoscopy 377Sara Koo, Kristina Leinwand, Simon Panter, and Joel A. Friedlander44 Endoscopic bariatric approaches 387Mike Thomson and Matjaz Homan45 Over-the-scope clip and full-thickness resection device 393Mike Thomson46 Endoscopic treatment of gastrointestinal bezoars 397Andreia Nita and Mike Thomson47 Natural orifice transendoluminal surgery 401Mike ThomsonIndex 403

About the Editors GEORGE GERSHMAN, MD, PHD, Pediatric Gastroenterologist, Professor of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine. Chief, Division of Pediatrics Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California. MIKE THOMSON, MBChB, DCH, FRCP, FRCPCH, MD, Professor of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Interventional Endoscopy, Director of the International Academy for Paediatric Endoscopy Training, Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Haepatology, Sheffield Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.

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• Personal statements ixContributors xviiAbout the Companion Website xxiiiPart One Pediatric Endoscopy Setting 11 Introduction 3George Gershman and Mike Thomson2 History of pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy 5Samy Cadranel, Jean-François Mougenot, and Douglas S. Fishman3 The endoscopy unit 11Harpreet Pall4 Pediatric procedural sedation and general anesthesia for gastrointestinal endoscopy 15Tom Kallay, Rok Orel, and Jernej Brecelj5 Pediatric endoscopy training and ongoing assessment 23Catharine M. Walsh, Looi Ee, Mike Thomson, and Jenifer R. Lightdale6 Recertification and revalidation as concepts in pediatric endoscopy 31Priya Narula and Mike Thomson7 The role of the Global Rating Scale in pediatric endoscopy 33Priya Narula and Mike Thomson8 Quality indicators as a critical part of pediatric endoscopy provision 37Priya Narula and Mike Thomson9 e-learning in pediatric endoscopy 41Claudio Romano and Mike ThomsonPart Two Diagnostic Pediatric Endoscopy 4310 Indications for gastrointestinal endoscopy in childhood 45Dalia Belsha, Jerome Viala, George Gershman, and Mike Thomson11 Diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy 53George Gershman and Mike Thomson12 Pediatric ileocolonoscopy 77George Gershman and Mike Thomson13 Handling of specimens and orientation of biopsies 113Marta C. Cohen and Paul Arnold14 Enteroscopy 117Mike Thomson and Arun Urs15 Wireless capsule endoscopy 129Mike Thomson16 Endoscopic ultrasonography 141Simona Faraci, Luigi Dall'Oglio, Paola de Angelis, and Douglas S. Fishman17 Chromoendoscopy 157Mike Thomson and Paul Hurlstone18 Confocal laser endomicroscopy in the diagnosis of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders 167Mike Thomson and Krishnappa Venkatesh19 High-risk pediatric endoscopy 175Jenifer R. Lightdale, Mike Thomson, and Douglas S. FishmanPart Three Pediatric GI Pathologies and the Role of Endoscopy in Their Management 18320 Esophagitis 185Mário C. Vieira, Luciana B. Mendez Ribeiro, and Sabine Krüger Truppel21 Eosinophilic esophagitis 195Calies Menard-Katcher, Glenn T. Furuta, and Robert E. Kramer22 Gastritis and gastropathy 201Shishu Sharma and Mike Thomson23 Celiac disease 207Alina Popp, Vasile Daniel Balaban, and Markku Mäki24 Role of endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease including scoring systems 213Salvatore Oliva, Mike Thomson, David Wilson, and Dan TurnerPart Four Therapeutic Pediatric Endoscopy 22125 Endoscopic management of esophageal strictures 223Michael Manfredi, Frederick Gottrand, Luigi Dall'Oglio, Mike Thomson, George Gershman, Antonio Quiros, and Thierry Lamireau26 Endoscopic management of caustic ingestion 235Erasmo Miele and Samy Cadranel27 Pneumatic balloon dilation and peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia 241Valerio Balassone, Mike Thomson, and George Gershman28 Endoscopic approaches to the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease 249Mike Thomson and Chris Fraser29 Foreign body ingestion 261Raoul Furlano, George Gershman, and Jenifer R. Lightdale30 Non-variceal endoscopic hemostasis 269George Gershman, Jorge H. Vargas, and Mike Thomson31 Variceal endoscopic hemostasis 279Patrick McKiernan, Lauren Johanson, and Mike Thomson32 Endoscopic approach to obscure gastrointestinal bleeding lesions 287Natalia Nedelkopoulou, Sara Isoldi, Dalia Belsha, and Mike Thomson33 Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy 295Natalie Bhesania, Mike Thomson, and Marsha Kay34 Single-stage percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy 305Andreia Nita, Jorge Amil-Dias, Arun Urs, Mike Thomson, and Prithviraj Rao35 Pediatric laparoscopic-assisted direct percutaneous jejunostomy 317Mike Thomson, Jonathan Goring, Richard Lindley, and Sean Marven36 Naso-jejunal and Gastro-jejunal tube placement 323George Gershman37 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography 325Douglas S. Fishman, Paola de Angelis, Luigi Dall'Oglio, and Victor Fox38 Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts 343Mike Thomson39 Duodenal web division by endoscopy 347Mike Thomson, Shishu Sharma, Filippo Torroni, and Jonathan Goring40 Polypectomy 351George Gershman, Mike Thomson, and Gabor Veres41 Endomucosal resection 361Mike Thomson and Paul Hurlstone42 Endoscopic management of polyposis syndromes 371Warren Hyer, Mike Thomson, and Thomas Attard43 Transnasal gastrointestinal endoscopy 377Sara Koo, Kristina Leinwand, Simon Panter, and Joel A. Friedlander44 Endoscopic bariatric approaches 387Mike Thomson and Matjaz Homan45 Over-the-scope clip and full-thickness resection device 393Mike Thomson46 Endoscopic treatment of gastrointestinal bezoars 397Andreia Nita and Mike Thomson47 Natural orifice transendoluminal surgery 401Mike ThomsonIndex 403

About the Editors GEORGE GERSHMAN, MD, PHD, Pediatric Gastroenterologist, Professor of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine. Chief, Division of Pediatrics Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California. MIKE THOMSON, MBChB, DCH, FRCP, FRCPCH, MD, Professor of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Interventional Endoscopy, Director of the International Academy for Paediatric Endoscopy Training, Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Haepatology, Sheffield Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.

Select Guide Rating

• Personal statements ixContributors xviiAbout the Companion Website xxiiiPart One Pediatric Endoscopy Setting 11 Introduction 3George Gershman and Mike Thomson2 History of pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy 5Samy Cadranel, Jean-François Mougenot, and Douglas S. Fishman3 The endoscopy unit 11Harpreet Pall4 Pediatric procedural sedation and general anesthesia for gastrointestinal endoscopy 15Tom Kallay, Rok Orel, and Jernej Brecelj5 Pediatric endoscopy training and ongoing assessment 23Catharine M. Walsh, Looi Ee, Mike Thomson, and Jenifer R. Lightdale6 Recertification and revalidation as concepts in pediatric endoscopy 31Priya Narula and Mike Thomson7 The role of the Global Rating Scale in pediatric endoscopy 33Priya Narula and Mike Thomson8 Quality indicators as a critical part of pediatric endoscopy provision 37Priya Narula and Mike Thomson9 e-learning in pediatric endoscopy 41Claudio Romano and Mike ThomsonPart Two Diagnostic Pediatric Endoscopy 4310 Indications for gastrointestinal endoscopy in childhood 45Dalia Belsha, Jerome Viala, George Gershman, and Mike Thomson11 Diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy 53George Gershman and Mike Thomson12 Pediatric ileocolonoscopy 77George Gershman and Mike Thomson13 Handling of specimens and orientation of biopsies 113Marta C. Cohen and Paul Arnold14 Enteroscopy 117Mike Thomson and Arun Urs15 Wireless capsule endoscopy 129Mike Thomson16 Endoscopic ultrasonography 141Simona Faraci, Luigi Dall'Oglio, Paola de Angelis, and Douglas S. Fishman17 Chromoendoscopy 157Mike Thomson and Paul Hurlstone18 Confocal laser endomicroscopy in the diagnosis of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders 167Mike Thomson and Krishnappa Venkatesh19 High-risk pediatric endoscopy 175Jenifer R. Lightdale, Mike Thomson, and Douglas S. FishmanPart Three Pediatric GI Pathologies and the Role of Endoscopy in Their Management 18320 Esophagitis 185Mário C. Vieira, Luciana B. Mendez Ribeiro, and Sabine Krüger Truppel21 Eosinophilic esophagitis 195Calies Menard-Katcher, Glenn T. Furuta, and Robert E. Kramer22 Gastritis and gastropathy 201Shishu Sharma and Mike Thomson23 Celiac disease 207Alina Popp, Vasile Daniel Balaban, and Markku Mäki24 Role of endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease including scoring systems 213Salvatore Oliva, Mike Thomson, David Wilson, and Dan TurnerPart Four Therapeutic Pediatric Endoscopy 22125 Endoscopic management of esophageal strictures 223Michael Manfredi, Frederick Gottrand, Luigi Dall'Oglio, Mike Thomson, George Gershman, Antonio Quiros, and Thierry Lamireau26 Endoscopic management of caustic ingestion 235Erasmo Miele and Samy Cadranel27 Pneumatic balloon dilation and peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia 241Valerio Balassone, Mike Thomson, and George Gershman28 Endoscopic approaches to the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease 249Mike Thomson and Chris Fraser29 Foreign body ingestion 261Raoul Furlano, George Gershman, and Jenifer R. Lightdale30 Non-variceal endoscopic hemostasis 269George Gershman, Jorge H. Vargas, and Mike Thomson31 Variceal endoscopic hemostasis 279Patrick McKiernan, Lauren Johanson, and Mike Thomson32 Endoscopic approach to obscure gastrointestinal bleeding lesions 287Natalia Nedelkopoulou, Sara Isoldi, Dalia Belsha, and Mike Thomson33 Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy 295Natalie Bhesania, Mike Thomson, and Marsha Kay34 Single-stage percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy 305Andreia Nita, Jorge Amil-Dias, Arun Urs, Mike Thomson, and Prithviraj Rao35 Pediatric laparoscopic-assisted direct percutaneous jejunostomy 317Mike Thomson, Jonathan Goring, Richard Lindley, and Sean Marven36 Naso-jejunal and Gastro-jejunal tube placement 323George Gershman37 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography 325Douglas S. Fishman, Paola de Angelis, Luigi Dall'Oglio, and Victor Fox38 Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts 343Mike Thomson39 Duodenal web division by endoscopy 347Mike Thomson, Shishu Sharma, Filippo Torroni, and Jonathan Goring40 Polypectomy 351George Gershman, Mike Thomson, and Gabor Veres41 Endomucosal resection 361Mike Thomson and Paul Hurlstone42 Endoscopic management of polyposis syndromes 371Warren Hyer, Mike Thomson, and Thomas Attard43 Transnasal gastrointestinal endoscopy 377Sara Koo, Kristina Leinwand, Simon Panter, and Joel A. Friedlander44 Endoscopic bariatric approaches 387Mike Thomson and Matjaz Homan45 Over-the-scope clip and full-thickness resection device 393Mike Thomson46 Endoscopic treatment of gastrointestinal bezoars 397Andreia Nita and Mike Thomson47 Natural orifice transendoluminal surgery 401Mike ThomsonIndex 403