Forages, Volume 2

KENNETH J. MOORE is Professor of Agronomy at Iowa State University. He received his BS from Arizona State University and his MS and PhD from Purdue University, He has taught graduate-level courses in field plot technique and design, pasture and grazing management, and forage quality and utilization. He advises graduate students and conducts research on pasture management and ecology.MICHAEL COLLINS is Emeritus Professor and Director of the Division of Plant Sciences at the University of Missouri, Columbia. He received his BS from Berea College, his MS from West Virginia University, and his PhD from the University of Kentucky. During a 36-year career in forage research and teaching at the University of Kentucky, Lexington and the University of Wisconsin, Madison, he taught an undergraduate/graduate forages course and advised graduate students. His research emphasized forage management and postharvest physiology of hay and silage, with an emphasis on forage quality.C. JERRY NELSON is Emeritus Curators' Professor of Plant Sciences at the University of Missouri. He received his BS and MS from the University of Minnesota, and his PhD from the University of Wisconsin. His research has focused on growth of grasses and persistence of legumes, and he is now active in agriculture-related international programs, especially in Asia.DAREN D. REDFEARN, Associate Professor of Agronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.

• Preface xiiiList of Contributors xvDedication xxiPart I Forage Plants 11 Perspectives, Terminology, and Classification 3C. Jerry Nelson, Professor Emeritus, Kenneth J. Moore, Distinguished Professor, Michael Collins, Professor Emeritus and Daren D. Redfearn, Associate Professor2 Grass Morphology 23C. Jerry Nelson, Professor Emeritus and Kenneth J. Moore, Distinguished Professor3 Legume Structure and Morphology 51John Jennings, Professor and Jamie Foster, Professor4 Carbon Metabolism in Forage Plants 65Jeffrey J. Volenec, Professor and C. Jerry Nelson, Professor Emeritus5 Mineral Nutrient Acquisition and Metabolism 85Sylvie M. Brouder, Wickersham Chair and Professor and Jeffrey J. Volenec, Professor6 Plant-Water Relations in Forage Crops 113Jennifer W. MacAdam, Professor and C. Jerry Nelson, Professor Emeritus7 Growth and Development 127Robert B. Mitchell, Research Agronomist, Daren D. Redfearn, Associate Professor and Kenneth J. Moore, Distinguished ProfessorPart II Forage Ecology 1498 Climate, Climate-Change and Forage Adaptation 151Vern S. Baron, Research Scientist and Gilles Bélanger, Research Scientist9 Plant Interactions 187John A. Guretzky, Grassland Systems Ecologist10 Plant-Herbivore Interactions 201Lynn E. Sollenberger, Distinguished Professor and Marcelo O. Wallau, Associate Professor11 Nutrient Cycling in Forage Production Systems 215David A. Wedin, Professor and Michael P. Russelle, Soil Scientist (Retired)12 Forages for Conservation and Improved Soil Quality 227John F. Obrycki, ORISE Fellow and Douglas L. Karlen, Soil Scientist (Retired)13 Forages and the Environment 249Matt A. Sanderson, Research Agronomist and Research Leader (Retired) and Mark A. Liebig, Soil ScientistPart III Forage Species 26114 Cool-Season Legumes for Humid Areas 263Craig C. Sheaffer, Professor, Gerald W. Evers, Professor Emeritus and Jacob M. Jungers, Associate Professor15 Legumes for Tropical and Subtropical Areas 277William D. Pitman, Professor and João M.B. Vendramini, Associate Professor16 Cool-Season Grasses for Humid Areas 297Michael D. Casler, Research Geneticist, Robert L. Kallenbach, Associate Dean and Geoffrey E. Brink, Research Agronomist17 Grasses for Arid and Semiarid Areas 313Daren D. Redfearn, Associate Professor, Keith R. Harmoney, Range Scientist and Alexander J. Smart, Professor and Rangeland Management Specialist18 Warm-Season Grasses for Humid Areas 331Lynn E. Sollenberger, Distinguished Professor, João M.B. Vendramini, Associate Professor, Carlos G.S. Pedreira, Associate Professor and Esteban F. Rios19 Forbs and Browse Species 347David P. Belesky, Clinical Associate & Director, John W. Walker, Professor and Resident Director, Kimberly A. Cassida, Forage Extension Specialist and James P. Muir, ProfessorPart IV Forage Systems 36720 Systems for Temperate Humid Areas 369Jerome H. Cherney, Professor, Robert L. Kallenbach, Associate Dean and Valentín D. Picasso Risso, Assistant Professor21 Forage Systems for the Temperate Subhumid and Semiarid Areas 387John R. Hendrickson, Research Rangeland Management Specialist and Corey Moffet, Research Rangeland Management Specialist22 Systems for theWarm Humid Areas 407William D. Pitman, Professor and Montgomery W. Alison, Extension Forage Specialist23 Systems for Humid Transition Areas 419Renata N. Oakes, Assistant Professor and Dennis W. Hancock, Center Director24 Forage Systems for Arid Areas 433Daniel H. Putnam, Forage Extension Specialist and Tim DelCurto, Professor and Nancy Cameron ChairPart V Forage Production and Management 45325 Forage Establishment and Renovation 455Marvin H. Hall, Professor, Yoana C. Newman, Associate Professor and Jessica A. Williamson, Assistant Professor26 Fertilization and Nutrient Management 473David J. Barker, Professor and Steven W. Culman, Professor27 Irrigation andWater Management 497L. Niel Allen, Associate Professor and Irrigation Specialist and Jennifer W. MacAdam, Professor of Plants, Soils and Climate28 Weed Management 515Robert A. Masters, Rangeland Scientist (Retired), Byron B. Sleugh, Forage Agronomist and E. Scott Flynn, Forage Agronomist29 Insect Management 535R. Mark Sulc, Professor, William O. Lamp, Professor and G. David Buntin, ProfessorPart VI Forage Improvement 55130 Forage Breeding 553Michael D. Casler, Research Geneticist and Kenneth P. Vogel, Research Geneticist (retired)31 Biotechnology and Molecular Approaches to Forage Improvement 567E. Charles Brummer, Professor and Zeng-Yu Wang, Professor32 Seed Production 581Jeffrey J. Steiner, Associate Director and Tim L. Springer, Research AgronomistPart VII Forage Quality 59333 Carbohydrate and Protein Nutritional Chemistry of Forages 595Ronald D. Hatfield, Research Plant Physiologist and Kenneth F. Kalscheur, Research Dairy Scientist34 Digestibility and Intake 609David R. Mertens, President and Research Dairy Scientist (Retired) and Richard J. Grant, President and Research Scientist35 Plant Chemistry and Antiquality Components in Forage 633Nicholas S. Hill, Professor and Craig A. Roberts, Professor36 Laboratory Methods for Evaluating Forage Quality 659William P. Weiss, Professor and Mary Beth Hall, Research Animal Scientist37 Animal Methods for Evaluating Forage Quality 673Eric S. Vanzant, Associate Professor, Robert C. Cochran, Professor and Wayne K. Coblentz, Research Dairy Scientist/Agronomist38 Predicting Forage Quality 687Debbie J. Cherney, Professor and David Parsons, Professor39 Factors Affecting Forage Quality 701Kenneth J. Moore, Charles F. Curtiss, Distinguished Professor, Andrew W. Lenssen, Professor and Steven L. Fales, Emeritus ProfessorPart VIII Forage Harvesting and Utilization 71940 Post-Harvest Physiology 721Wayne K. Coblentz, Research Dairy Scientist/Agronomist41 Hay Harvest and Storage 749C. Alan Rotz, Agricultural Engineer, Kevin J. Shinners, Professor and Matthew Digman, Assistant Professor42 Silage Production 767Richard E. Muck, Agricultural Engineer, Limin Kung Jr., Professor and Michael Collins, Professor and Director Emeritus43 Biomass, Energy, and Industrial Uses of Forages 789Matt A. Sanderson, Research Agronomist and Research Leader (Retired), Paul Adler, Research Agronomist and Neal P. Martin, Director (Retired)Part IX Pasture Management 80144 Pasture Design and Grazing Management 803Lynn E. Sollenberger, Distinguished Professor, Yoana C. Newman, Associate Professor and Bisoondat Macoon, Research Professor45 Grazing Animal Nutrition 815Gregory Lardy, Department Head and Richard Waterman, Research Animal Scientist46 Grazing Animal Behavior 827Karen L. Launchbaugh, Heady Professor47 Forage-Induced Animal Disorders 839Tim A. McAllister, Principal Research Scientist, Gabriel Ribeiro, Assistant Professor, Kim Stanford, Research Scientist and Yuxi Wang, Research Scientist48 Grazing Systems and Strategies 861Michael Collins, Professor and Director Emeritus, Kenneth J. Moore, Distinguished Professor, C. Jerry Nelson, Professor Emeritus and Daren D. Redfearn, Associate ProfessorCommon and Scientific Names of Forages 883Glossary 893Index 919