Schalm's Veterinary Hematology

The editorsMarjory B. Brooks, DVM, DACVIM, is Director of the Comparative Coagulation Laboratory at Cornell University’s Animal Health Diagnostic Center in Ithaca, New York, USA. Kendal E. Harr, DVM, MS, DACVP, is Owner and Clinical Pathologist at Urika, LLC in Mukilteo, Washington, USA. Davis M. Seelig, DVM, PhD, DACVP, is Associate Professor in the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences at the University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. K. Jane Wardrop, DVM, MS, DACVP, is Professor in the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University in Pullman, Washington, USA. Douglas J. Weiss, DVM, PhD, DACVP, is Emeritus Professor at the University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.

"The seventh edition of Schalm's Veterinary Hematology has been updated to cover the majority of topics in animal hematology in order to meet the ever-increasing needs of clinical pathologists both in the understanding and knowledge of new technologies and the increasingly varied animal hematologic specificities they are faced with. [T]his new edition of Schalm's Veterinary Hematology has been eagerly awaited by all clinical pathologists and will largely meet their expectations. This book is, therefore, an essential basis in hematology."—Reviewed in Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 2023:52:132-133 by Catherine Trumel

• Dedication vContributors xvPreface xxvAcknowledgments xxviiSection I Hemolymphatic Tissue 1Chapter 1 Embryonic and Fetal Hematopoiesis 3Kelli L. Boyd and Brad BolonChapter 2 Stem Cell Biology 9Dori L. Borjesson and Jed A. OvermannChapter 3 Structure of the Bone Marrow 18Nicole I. Stacy and John W. HarveyChapter 4 The Hematopoietic System 27Bruce D. Car and Davis M. SeeligChapter 5 Vasculogenesis and Endothelial Cell Production 37Jong Hyuk KimChapter 6 Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Antigens 41Melinda J. Wilkerson and Nora L. SpringerChapter 7 Major Histocompatibility Complex Antigens 48Paul R. HessChapter 8 Lymphocyte Biology and Functions 63Ian TizardChapter 9 Structure and Function of Primary and Secondary Lymphoid Tissue 74Cleverson D. Souza, Meredeth Mcentire, V.E. Ted Valli, and Robert M. JacobsSection II Hematotoxicity 85Chapter 10 Design and Methods of Nonclinical Hematotoxicity Studies 87William J. Reagan and Armando R. Irizarry RoviraChapter 11 Interpretation of Hematologic Data in Nonclinical Studies 93JEFFREY MccartneyChapter 12 Nonclinical Evaluation of Compound-Related Cytopenias 100Laurie G. O’rourkeChapter 13 Nonclinical Evaluation of Compound‐Related Alterations in Hemostasis 108F. Poitout‐BelissentChapter 14 Preclinical Evaluation of Immunotoxicity 116Kristin L. HensonChapter 15 Blood and Bone Marrow Toxicity Induced by Drugs, Heavy Metals, Chemicals , and Toxic Plants 122Douglas J. WeissChapter 16 Acute Myelotoxicity and Myelitis in Domestic and Laboratory Animals 133Adam D. Aulbach and Douglas J. WeissChapter 17 Chronic Inflammation and Secondary Myelofibrosis in Domestic and Laboratory Animals 138Adam D. Aulbach and Douglas J. WeissChapter 18 Infectious Injury to Bone Marrow 144K. Jane WardropSection III Erythrocytes 149Chapter 19 Erythropoiesis 151Christine Swardson OlverChapter 20 Erythrocyte Structure and Function 158Christine Swardson OlverChapter 21 Erythrocyte Biochemistry 166John W. HarveyChapter 22 Erythrokinetics and Erythrocyte Destruction 172Andrea Pires Dos Santos, and John A. ChristianChapter 23 Reticulocyte and Heinz Body Staining and Enumeration 181Harold Tvedten and Andreas MoritzChapter 24 Erythrocyte Morphology 188Anne M. BargerChapter 25 Classification and Laboratory Evaluation of Anemia 198Harold TvedtenChapter 26 Erythrocytosis 209John F. Randolph, Mark E. Peterson, and Erica Behling-KellyChapter 27 Iron and Copper Deficiencies, and Disorders of Iron Metabolism 215Lauren B. Radakovich and Christine Swardson OlverChapter 28 The Porphyrias—Disorders of Defective Heme Synthesis 221Andrea A. BohnChapter 29 Hereditary Erythroenzymopathies 229Urs GigerChapter 30 Erythrocyte Membrane Defects 238Mutsumi Inaba and Joanne B. MessickChapter 31 Congenital Dyserythropoiesis 248Douglas J. WeissChapter 32 Anemia Associated with Oxidative Injury 252Erica Behling-Kelly and Ashleigh NewmanChapter 33 Anemia Caused by Rickettsia, Mycoplasma, and Protozoa 260Susan Fielder, Robin W. Allison, and James H. MeinkothChapter 34 Anemia Associated with Bacterial and Viral Infections 273George M. Barrington and Debra C. SellonChapter 35 Immune-Mediated Anemia in the Dog 278Jillian M. Haines, Andrew Mackin, and Michael J. DayChapter 36 Immune-Mediated Anemia in the Cat 292Ashleigh Newman and Tracy StokolChapter 37 Immune-Mediated Anemia in Ruminants and Horses 300Jenifer R. GoldChapter 38 Precursor-Targeted Immune-Mediated Anemia and Pure Red Cell Aplasia in Dogs and Cats 307Cynthia A. LucidiChapter 39 Anemia of Inflammatory, Neoplastic, Renal, and Endocrine Diseases 313Agata K. Grzelak and Michael M. FryChapter 40 Aplastic Anemia 318Jennifer L. Brazzell and Douglas J. WeissSection IV Leukocytes 323Chapter 41 Granulopoiesis 325M. Judith Radin and Maxey L. WellmanChapter 42 Neutrophil Structure and Biochemistry 333Claire B. AndreasenChapter 43 Neutrophil Function and Response 339Dana N. Levine and Claire B. AndreasenChapter 44 Neutrophil Function Disorders 347Stefano Comazzi, Luca Aresu, and Douglas J. WeissChapter 45 Clinical Evaluation of Neutrophil Function 354Stefano ComazziChapter 46 Eosinophils and Their Disorders 363Karen M. Young and Elizabeth A. LayneChapter 47 Basophils, Mast Cells, and Their Disorders 373Brandy C. Kastl and Lisa M. PohlmanChapter 48 Monocytes, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cell Production 381Cleverson D. Souza and Douglas J. WeissChapter 49 Monocytes and Macrophages and Their Disorders 386Cleverson D. Souza and Meaghan V. ErenChapter 50 Lymphocyte Ontogeny and Lymphopoiesis 395Amy L. Warren and Robin M. YatesChapter 51 Structure, Function, and Disorders of Lymphoid Tissue 402Amy L. Warren and Robin M. YatesChapter 52 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 414Luc ChabanneChapter 53 Feline Immunodeficiency Virus 424Margaret J. Hosie and Hans LutzChapter 54 T Cell, Immunoglobulin, and Complement Immunodeficiency Disorders 431Peter J. FelsburgChapter 55 Severe Combined Immunodeficiencies 436Steven E. SuterChapter 56 Lymphadenopathy Not Caused by Lymphoma 442Harold TvedtenSection V Hematologic Neoplasia 449Chapter 57 Cell-Cycle Control in Hematopoietic Cells 451Jaime F. Modiano and Catherine A. St. HillChapter 58 Epidemiology of Hematopoietic Neoplasia 457Michelle G. RittChapter 59 Genetics of Hematopoietic Neoplasia 463Diana Giannuzzi, Jaime F. Modiano, and Matthew BreenChapter 60 Transforming Retroviruses 471Mary Jo BurkhardChapter 61 Cytochemical Staining and Immunocytochemistry 478Rose E. Raskin, Kelly Santangelo, and Klaudia PolakChapter 62 Determination of Clonality 500Yuko Goto-Koshino and Hajime TsujimotoChapter 63 Immunophenotyping 508Austin K. ViallChapter 64 Flow Cytometry in Hematologic Neoplasia 515Jaime L. Tarigo, Davis M. Seelig, and Anne C. AveryChapter 65 Classification and General Features of Lymphoma and Leukemia 528Barbara C. Rutgen and Jennifer BouschorChapter 66 Myeloproliferative Neoplasms 538Eric J. FishChapter 67 Myelodysplastic Syndromes 548Douglas J. Weiss and Rance K. SellonChapter 68 Acute Myeloid Leukemia 557Tracy StokolChapter 69 B‐Cell Tumors 570Luca Aresu, Stefano Comazzi, Laura Marconato, and Francesco BertoniChapter 70 Plasma Cell Tumors 588Antonella BorgattiChapter 71 Hodgkin and Hodgkin‐Like Lymphoma 599Daniel A. Heinrich and Erin N. BurtonChapter 72 T‐Cell Tumors 605Nariman Deravi, Stefan Keller, and Dorothee BienzleChapter 73 Mast Cell Neoplasia 626Melinda S. CamusChapter 74 Histiocytic Proliferative Diseases of Dogs and Cats 633Peter F. MooreSection VI Platelets 649Chapter 75 Thrombopoiesis 651Mary K. Boudreaux and Pete W. ChristophersonChapter 76 Platelet Structure 658Mary K. Boudreaux and Pete W. ChristophersonChapter 77 Platelet Signal Transduction and Activation Response 667Pete W. Christopherson and Mary K. BoudreauxChapter 78 Platelet Kinetics and Laboratory Evaluation of Thrombocytopenia 675Adi Wasserkrug‐NaorChapter 79 Evaluation of Platelet Function 686Pete W. Christopherson and Marjory B. BrooksChapter 80 Immune Thrombocytopenia 696Dana N. Levine and Marjory B. BrooksChapter 81 Nonimmune‐Mediated Thrombocytopenia 709Julie AllenChapter 82 Thrombocytosis and Essential Thrombocythemia 721Julie Allen and Tracy StokolChapter 83 von Willebrand Disease 731Marjory B. Brooks and James L. CatalfamoChapter 84 Inherited Platelet Disorders 739Mary K. Boudreaux and Pete W. ChristophersonChapter 85 Acquired Platelet Dysfunction 747Benjamin M. BrainardChapter 86 Treatment of Disorders of Platelet Number and Function 755Mary Beth CallanSection VII Hemostasis 763Chapter 87 Overview of Hemostasis 765Maureen A. McmichaelChapter 88 Laboratory Testing of Coagulation Disorders 787Marjory B. BrooksChapter 89 Acquired Coagulopathies 804Marjory B. Brooks and Armelle De LaforcadeChapter 90 Hereditary Coagulopathies 812Marjory B. BrooksChapter 91 Thrombotic Disorders 821Erica Behling‐Kelly and Robert GoggsChapter 92 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 837Tracy StokolChapter 93 Vascular Diseases 848Sean P. McdonoughChapter 94 Treatment of Hemostatic Defects 855Robert Goggs and Alex M. LynchChapter 95 Avian Hemostasis 865Karen E. Russell and J. Jill HeatleySection VIII Transfusion Medicine 875Chapter 96 Erythrocyte Antigens and Blood Groups 877Marie‐Claude Blais and Maria Cecilia T. PenedoChapter 97 Granulocyte and Platelet Antigens 891Jennifer S. ThomasChapter 98 Principles of Canine and Feline Blood Collection, Processing, and Storage 898Anthony C. G. Abrams-Ogg and Shauna L. BloisChapter 99 Red Blood Cell Transfusion in the Dog and Cat 908Mary Beth CallanChapter 100 Transfusion of Plasma Products 914Marjory B. BrooksChapter 101 Platelet and Granulocyte Transfusion 921Anthony C. G. Abrams‐Ogg, and Shauna L. BloisChapter 102 Blood Transfusion in Large Animals 927Margaret C. MudgeChapter 103 Blood Transfusion in Exotic Species 933Anneliese Strunk and Anke C. StohrChapter 104 Transfusion Reactions 940Nicole M. WeinsteinChapter 105 Cellular Therapy 948Steven E. Suter and Steven DowChapter 106 Clinical Use of Hematopoietic Growth Factors 957Steven E. SuterChapter 107 Clinical Blood Typing and Crossmatching 964K. Jane WardropSection IX Species-Specific Hematology 969Chapter 108 Hematology of Dogs 971Maggie R. Mccourt and Theresa E. RizziChapter 109 Hematology of Cats 983Deanna M. W. SchaeferChapter 110 Hematology of Equids 993Kathleen P. Freeman, Alison J. Farr, and Annalisa BarreletChapter 111 Hematology of Bovids 1004R. Darren WoodChapter 112 Hematology of Sheep and Goats 1012Jason StaytChapter 113 Hematology of Pigs 1019Catherine E. Thorn, Andrew S. Bowman, and David EckersallChapter 114 Hematology of Rodentia 1026Amy L. MacneillChapter 115 Hematology of Mustelids 1034Stacy Clothier and Cathy Johnson‐DelaneyChapter 116 Hematology of Cavies 1043Samantha J. M. Evans and Kurt L. ZimmermanChapter 117 Hematology of Lagomorphs 1050Francisco O. ConradoChapter 118 Hematology of Laboratory Animals 1058Karyn E. Enos and David M. MooreChapter 119 Hematology of Camelids 1073Susan J. TornquistChapter 120 Hematology of Cervids 1079Bridget C. GarnerChapter 121 Hematology of Paenungulata: Elephants, Sirenians, and Hyraxes 1090Emma H. HooijbergChapter 122 Hematology of Marine Mammals 1104Nicole I. Stacy and Hendrik H. NollensChapter and Hematology of Galliformes 1114Julie Piccione and Jessica HokampChapter 124 Hematology of Psittacines 1127Diana Schwartz and Hugues BeaufrèreChapter 125 Hematology of Anseriformes 1140Jessica Hokamp and Julie PiccioneChapter 126 Hematology of Raptors 1148Jennifer JohnsChapter 127 Hematology of Ratites 1159Phillip ClarkChapter 128 Hematology of Elasmobranchs 1166Jill E. Arnold and Alexa DelauneChapter 129 Hematology of Salmonids 1176Jere SternChapter 130 Hematology of Ictaluridae 1182Patricia GauntChapter 131 Hematology of Cyprinidae 1188Ilze K. Berzins and Alexander E. PrimusChapter 132 Hematology of Lizards, Crocodilians, and Tuatara 1197Charlotte Hollinger and Jean A. ParéChapter 133 Hematology of Serpentes 1209Laura J. Black and Marjorie BercierChapter 134 Hematology of Testudines 1219Jennifer D. Steinberg and Stephen J. DiversChapter 135 Hematology of Amphibians 1228PERRY BAIN and KENDAL E. HARRChapter 136 Hematology of Invertebrates 1233Jill E. ArnoldSection X Quality Management and Laboratory Techniques 1241Chapter 137 Quality Management of Hematology Techniques 1243Martina Stirn and Kathleen P. FreemanChapter 138 Total Error and Proficiency Testing 1255Sten Westgard and Kathleen P. FreemanChapter 139 Quantitative Diagnostic Test Validation 1263Bente FlatlandChapter 140 Reference Intervals and Decision Limits 1273Kristen R. Friedrichs, Asger Lundorff Jensen, and Mads Kjelgaard‐HansenChapter 141 Bone Marrow Evaluation 1285Natali B. Bauer and Kendal E. HarrChapter 142 Flow Cytometry 1295Unity JefferyChapter 143 Testing for Immune‐Mediated Hematologic Disease 1311K. Jane Wardrop, Melinda J. Wilkerson, and Cinzia MastrorilliChapter 144 Electrophoresis and Acute‐Phase Proteins 1320Alessia GiordanoChapter 145 Molecular Diagnostic Techniques 1331Robert J. OssiboffChapter 146 Genetic Evaluation of Inherited Hematologic Diseases 1337Noa Safra and Danika BannaschSection 10 Glossary 1351Index 1353