Progress in Solar Energy Technology and Applications

AvUmakanta Sahoo

Inbunden, Engelska, 2019

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Beskrivning

Energy is one of the most important topics of our time, and renewable energy has been a long and still-unfolding story that has taken decades to bring us to where we are today. Even after so much progress, engineers and scientists are always still developing new and innovative techniques, processes, equipment, and materials to further the science and fulfill the mission of generating cleaner, renewable energy for the world’s consumption. This new groundbreaking series, Advances in Renewable Energy, covers these topics across the spectrum, including solar, wind, and other renewable energy sources.This first volume in the series focuses on solar energy, probably the fastest-growing and developing area of renewable energy. With new materials and processes constantly coming online, it is important for engineers and scientists to stay abreast of the state-of-the-art in the field, and this volume does just that. Covering not just the basics of the technology and technological advances, the contributors delve into the financial aspects of solar energy systems as well. They look at total costs, not just initial costs, but the costs of maintenance, as well,Covering nearly every aspect of solar energy systems and the latest advances in the field, this is a must-have volume for any engineer, scientist, student, or educator working in or studying solar energy.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:2019-10-11
Mått:10 x 10 x 10 mm
Vikt:454 g
Format:Inbunden
Språk:Engelska
Antal sidor:378
Förlag:John Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN:9781119555605

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Mer om författaren

Umakanta Sahoo, PhD , is Research Scientist at the National Institute of Solar Energy, India. He received his undergraduate degree in mechanical engineering from the Institute of Technical Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India and his PhD in mechanical engineering at the Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India. He has seven years of research experience in the fields of solar, thermal and biomass energy. He has published many research papers in international journals one book in the field of solar and biomass energy and six books in the field of mechanical engineering. His research interest areas are energy, exergy, hybrid solar-biomass power in co- and poly-generation processes, primary energy saving, waste heat utilization for industrial processes, and many others in alternative and renewable energy. He has conducted voluminous training on designing, operation and maintenance of solar thermal systems.

Innehållsförteckning

About the Editor xiContributors xii1 Reliability Testing of PV Module in the Outdoor Condition 1Birinchi Bora, O.S. Sastry, Som Mondal and B. Prasad1.1 Introduction 11.2 Indoor Testing of Reliability of PV Module 41.3 Basics of Measurement Methods used to Identify Failures in the PV Module in the Field after Installation 71.3.1 Visual Inspection 81.3.2 I-V Tracer 111.3.3 Temperature Coefficient 131.3.4 Series Resistance 151.3.5 Curve Correction Factor 161.3.6 Dark I-V 171.3.7 Degradation Analysis 181.3.8 IR Thermography 191.3.9 Insulation Resistance Tester 221.3.10 EL Camera 231.3.11 Interconnect Breakage Tester 251.3.12 Current, Voltage and Continuity Checking 251.3.13 Environmental Parameter Checking 251.4 Quantification of Reliability 261.5 Procedure for Performance and Reliability Testing of PV Module in Outdoor Conditions 331.5.1 Selection Procedure of PV Modules for Testing in the Field 331.5.2 Testing Report Format of Performance Guarantee Test 331.6 Conclusion 35Abbreviation 35References 362 Solar Energy Technologies and Water Potential for Distillation: A Pre-Feasibility Investigation for Rajasthan, India 39Nikhil Gakkhar, Manoj Kumar Soni and Sanjeev Jakhar2.1 Introduction 402.2 Solar Assisted Technologies for Water Purification 412.3 Resource Availability in Rajasthan, India, for Solar Distillation 452.3.1 Availability of Solar Irradiance 472.3.2 Land Availability in Rajasthan 472.3.3 Water Availability from Various Sources 512.3.3.1 Surface Water Resources of Rajasthan 512.3.3.2 Rainfall 542.3.3.3 Domestic Wastewater 542.3.3.4 Groundwater 582.4 Estimation of Solar Potential and Water Availability 582.4.1 Solar PV Potential 592.4.2 Solar CSP Potential 602.4.3 Water Potential Estimation for Distillation 612.5 Choice of Distillation Technology 652.5.1 PV-Assisted RO Plants 652.5.2 CSP-Assisted MSF Plants 712.6 Conclusion 75Nomenclature 77References 773 Design Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants for Northern and Southern Regions of India 83Sanjay Kumar3.1 Introduction 833.1.1 Solar Power in India 883.2 Site Selection 903.2.1 Geography 903.2.2 Specification of Locations 1003.2.3 Location Dedicated for Power Plant Setup 1003.2.4 Load Profile of INA 1163.3 Technology 1243.3.1 Solar PV Systems 1243.3.2 Major Components 1253.3.2.1 Module 1263.3.2.2 Inverters 1273.3.2.3 Auxiliary Components 1283.4 BOM for 3MW Power Plant 1343.5 Quality, Testing and Standard Certification 1403.6.1 Modules selection 1463.6.1.1 Installation of Module 1473.6.2 Inverter Selection 1483.7 Financial Analysis 1503.8 Plant Layout with Electrical and Civil Engineering Aspects 1513.8.1 Land Requirement 1513.8.2 Plant Layout 1513.8.3 Civil Works 1523.8.4 Module Mounting Structures 1523.8.5 Operation and Maintenance 1523.9 Monitoring System 1533.9.1 SCADA 1533.9.2 Control and Instrumentation System 1543.10 Environmental Aspects 1553.10.1 State Pollution Control Board Clearances 1563.11 Project Management 1563.11.1 Project Contracting 1563.11.2 Quality Management 1573.11.3 Construction Management 1573.11.4 Health, Safety and Environment 1583.11.5 Commissioning and Testing 1593.11.6 Operation and Maintenance (O & M) 1603.11.7 Training 1613.12 Solar Business Models for Megawatt-Scale Projects in India 1613.12.1 Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) Model 1613.12.2 Captive Model 1613.12.3 REC Model 1623.12.4 REC Formalities and Procedures 1633.12.5 Business Models under the REC Mechanism 1653.12.6 Risk Factors of REC 1663.13 Concepts toward Net Zero Energy Solar Building 1673.14 Strategy Implementation 1683.15 Conclusion 176Abbreviations 177References 1794 Cold Storage with Backup Thermal Energy Storage System 181K. Sahoo, B. Bandhyopadhyay, S. Mukhopadhyay, U. Sahoo, T. S. Kumar, V. Yadav and Y. Singh4.1 Introduction 1814.1.1 Recommended Condition for Fruits and Vegetables 1834.1.2 Incompatibility 1834.2 Solar Energy Scenario 1844.2.1 Overview of Solar Radiation 1874.2.1.1 Basic Principles 1874.2.1.2 Diffuse and Direct Solar Radiation 1884.2.1.3 Global Solar Radiation 1884.3 Refrigeration Technology Overview 1904.3.1 Brier Introduction of Refrigeration 1904.3.2 Carnot Cycle 1914.3.3 Reverse Carnot Cycle 1924.3.4 Air Refrigeration Cycle 1934.3.5 Vapour Compression Refrigeration System 1944.3.6 Actual Vapour Compression Refrigeration System 1954.4 Literature Review 1954.5 Designing of Solar PV Cold Storage 1964.5.1 Determining the Size of Cold Room 1974.5.2 Cooling Load Calculation 1974.5.2.1 Transmission Load 1974.5.2.2 Heat Transmission through Door 1984.5.2.3 Equipment Load 1994.5.2.4 Product Heat Load 1994.5.2.5 Heat of Respiration 1994.5.2.6 Human Occupancy Load 2004.5.2.7 Cooling Load Due to Thermal Energy Storage 2004.5.3 Cooling Load Summary for 10 MT Storage Capacities 2004.5.4 Solar Photovoltaic Plant Design 2024.5.4.1 Photovoltaic Module Design 2024.5.4.2 Inverter Sizing 2024.5.4.3 Battery Sizing 2034.5.4.4 Solar Charge Controller Sizing 2034.6 Design of Cold Room Mechanical System 2034.7 Designing of Thermal Energy Storage System (TES) 2064.8 Battery Storage 2084.9 Refrigerant 2084.10 Specification of Cold Storage and Thermal Energy Storage System 2094.11 Design of Solar Thermal Based Cold Storage 2104.11.1 Technology Selection 2114.11.2 Energy and Collector Area Required from Solar Thermal Technology 2124.12 Economic Analysis 2134.12.1 Net Present Value (NPV) 2134.12.2 Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 2144.12.3 Payback Period 2144.13 Economic Analysis of Solar PV Cold Storage 2154.13.1 NPV and IRR Calculation of Solar PV Cold Storage 2154.13.2 Payback Period of Solar PV Cold Storage 2214.14 Economic Analysis of Solar Thermal System Based Cold Storage 2234.14.1 NPV and IRR Calculation 2234.14.2 Payback Period of Solar Thermal Cold Storage 2294.15 Conclusion 231References 2315 Development of Parabolic Trough Collector Based Power and Ejector Refrigeration System Using Eco-Friendly Refrigerants 233D.K. Gupta, R. Kumar and N. Kumar5.1 Introduction 2345.2 Literature Review 2365.3 Solar Operated Ejector Cooling and Power Cycle 2445.3.1 Working of Proposed Cycle 2455.3.2 First and Second Law Analysis of Proposed Cycle 2475.4 Ejector Cooling and Power Cycle with Various Ecofriendly Refrigerants 2505.4.1 System Description 2505.4.2 Properties of Refrigerants 2515.4.3 Thermodynamic Analysis 2515.4.4 Parameters considered for Operation of Proposed System 2535.5 Ejector Organic Rankine Cycle Integrated with a Triple Pressure Level Vapour Absorption System 2535.5.1 Working of Proposed System 2535.5.2 Energy and Exergy Analysis of the Proposed System 2585.6 Combined Organic Rankine Cycle with Double Ejector 2615.6.1 Working of Proposed Cycle 2625.6.2 First and Second Law Analysis of Proposed Cycle 2645.7 Result and Discussions 2675.8 Conclusion 297Nomenclatures 298Greek symbols 299Subscript 300References 3006 Unlocking the Design of Stand-Alone and Grid-Connected Rooftop Solar PV Systems 309Tanmay Bishnoi6.1 Introduction 3106.2 Stand-Alone Solar PV System 3126.2.1 Types of Stand-Alone PV System Configurations 3126.2.2 Design Methodology 3136.2.3 Detailed Steps for Designing a Solar PV System 3146.2.4 Stand-Alone Solar PV System Design and Safety Standards 3306.3 Grid-Connected Solar PV System 3306.3.1 Step by Step Procedure for Designing a Rooftop Grid-Connected Solar PV System 3316.3.2 Grid-Tied Solar PV System Standards 3336.3.3 Performance Analysis of a Solar PV System 3346.4 Costing Analysis for a Solar PV System 3376.5 Conclusion 359References 360Index 363

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