About the EditorsVinod Krishnan is Professor and Head of the Department of Orthodontics at the Sri Sankara Dental College in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman is Researcher at the University Medical Center Groningen in The Netherlands as well as Adjunct Professor at the University of Bern in Switzerland and the University of Indonesia in Jakarta, Indonesia.Ze’ev Davidovitch is Professor Emeritus of Orthodontics at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

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• Contributors viiiPreface to the First Edition xPreface to the Second Edition xiPreface to the Third Edition xiiPart 1: Evolution of Biological Concepts 11 Biological Basis of Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Historical Perspective 3Vinod Krishnan and Ze’ev Davidovitch2 Biology of Orthodontic Tooth Movement: The Evolution of Hypotheses and Concepts 16Vinod Krishnan and Ze’ev DavidovitchPart 2: Mechanics Meets Biology 333 Cellular and Molecular Biology of Orthodontic Tooth Movemen 35Jaap C. Maltha, Vinod Krishnan, and Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman4 Inflammatory Response in the Periodontal Ligament and Dental Pulp During Orthodontic Tooth Movement 49Masaru Yamaguchi and Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet5 The Effects of Mechanical Loading on Hard and Soft Tissues and Cells 68Itzhak Binderman, Nasser Gadban, and Avinoam Yaffe6 Biological Aspects of Bone Growth and Metabolism in Orthodontics 77James K. Hartsfield, Jr., Priyanka Gudsoorkar, Lorri A. Morford, and W. Eugene Roberts, Jr.7 Mechanical Load, Sex Hormones, and Bone Modeling 100Sara H. Windahl and Ulf H. Lerner8 Biological Reactions to Temporary Anchorage Devices 117Gang Wu, Jiangyue Wang, Ding Bai, Jing Guo, Haikun Hu, and Vincent Everts9 Tissue Reaction to Orthodontic Force Systems. Are we in Control? 129Birte Melsen, Michel Dalstra, and Paolo M. CattaneoPart 3: Inflammation and Orthodontics 13910 The Influence of Orthodontic Treatment on Oral Microbiology 141Alessandra Lucchese and Lars Bondemark11 Markers of Paradental Tissue Remodeling in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva of Orthodontic Patients 159Taylor E. Glovsky and Laura R. IwasakiPart 4: Personalized Diagnosis and Treatment 16912 Genetic Influences on Orthodontic Tooth Movement 171Margarita Zeichner-David13 Precision Orthodontics: Limitations and Possibilities in Practice 189James K. Hartsfield, Jr., Priyanka Gudsoorkar, and Lorri A. Morford14 The Effect of Drugs, Hormones, and Diet on Orthodontic Tooth Movement 199Vinod Krishnan, James J. Zahrowski, and Ze’ev DavidovitchPart 5: Rapid Orthodontics 21715 Biological Orthodontics: Methods to Accelerate or Decelerate Orthodontic Tooth Movement 219Vinod Krishnan, Ze’ev Davidovitch, and Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman16 Surgically Assisted Tooth Movement: Biological Application 238Carlalberta Verna, Raffaele Spena, Michel Dalstra, Paolo M. Cattaneo, and Judith V. Ball17 Precision Accelerated Orthodontics: How Micro-osteoperforations and Vibration Trigger Inflammation to Optimize Tooth Movement 265Mani Alikhani, Jeanne M. Nervina, and Christina C. TeixeiraPart 6: Long-term Effects of Tooth-moving Forces 27718 Mechanical and Biological Determinants of Iatrogenic Injuries in Orthodontics 279Vinod Krishnan, Ambili Renjithkumar, and Ze’ev Davidovitch19 The Biological Background of Relapse of Orthodontic Tooth Movement 297Jaap C. Maltha, Vaska Vandevska-Radunovic, and Anne Marie Kuijpers-JagtmanPart 7: Tooth-movement Research 30920 Planning and Executing Tooth-movement Research 311Vinod Krishnan, Ze’ev Davidovitch, and Rajesh Ramachandran21 Controversies and Research Directions in Tooth-movement Research 327Vinod Krishnan, Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman, and Ze’ev DavidovitchIndex 343

About the EditorsVinod Krishnan is Professor and Head of the Department of Orthodontics at the Sri Sankara Dental College in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman is Researcher at the University Medical Center Groningen in The Netherlands as well as Adjunct Professor at the University of Bern in Switzerland and the University of Indonesia in Jakarta, Indonesia.Ze’ev Davidovitch is Professor Emeritus of Orthodontics at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

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• Contributors viiiPreface to the First Edition xPreface to the Second Edition xiPreface to the Third Edition xiiPart 1: Evolution of Biological Concepts 11 Biological Basis of Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Historical Perspective 3Vinod Krishnan and Ze’ev Davidovitch2 Biology of Orthodontic Tooth Movement: The Evolution of Hypotheses and Concepts 16Vinod Krishnan and Ze’ev DavidovitchPart 2: Mechanics Meets Biology 333 Cellular and Molecular Biology of Orthodontic Tooth Movemen 35Jaap C. Maltha, Vinod Krishnan, and Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman4 Inflammatory Response in the Periodontal Ligament and Dental Pulp During Orthodontic Tooth Movement 49Masaru Yamaguchi and Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet5 The Effects of Mechanical Loading on Hard and Soft Tissues and Cells 68Itzhak Binderman, Nasser Gadban, and Avinoam Yaffe6 Biological Aspects of Bone Growth and Metabolism in Orthodontics 77James K. Hartsfield, Jr., Priyanka Gudsoorkar, Lorri A. Morford, and W. Eugene Roberts, Jr.7 Mechanical Load, Sex Hormones, and Bone Modeling 100Sara H. Windahl and Ulf H. Lerner8 Biological Reactions to Temporary Anchorage Devices 117Gang Wu, Jiangyue Wang, Ding Bai, Jing Guo, Haikun Hu, and Vincent Everts9 Tissue Reaction to Orthodontic Force Systems. Are we in Control? 129Birte Melsen, Michel Dalstra, and Paolo M. CattaneoPart 3: Inflammation and Orthodontics 13910 The Influence of Orthodontic Treatment on Oral Microbiology 141Alessandra Lucchese and Lars Bondemark11 Markers of Paradental Tissue Remodeling in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva of Orthodontic Patients 159Taylor E. Glovsky and Laura R. IwasakiPart 4: Personalized Diagnosis and Treatment 16912 Genetic Influences on Orthodontic Tooth Movement 171Margarita Zeichner-David13 Precision Orthodontics: Limitations and Possibilities in Practice 189James K. Hartsfield, Jr., Priyanka Gudsoorkar, and Lorri A. Morford14 The Effect of Drugs, Hormones, and Diet on Orthodontic Tooth Movement 199Vinod Krishnan, James J. Zahrowski, and Ze’ev DavidovitchPart 5: Rapid Orthodontics 21715 Biological Orthodontics: Methods to Accelerate or Decelerate Orthodontic Tooth Movement 219Vinod Krishnan, Ze’ev Davidovitch, and Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman16 Surgically Assisted Tooth Movement: Biological Application 238Carlalberta Verna, Raffaele Spena, Michel Dalstra, Paolo M. Cattaneo, and Judith V. Ball17 Precision Accelerated Orthodontics: How Micro-osteoperforations and Vibration Trigger Inflammation to Optimize Tooth Movement 265Mani Alikhani, Jeanne M. Nervina, and Christina C. TeixeiraPart 6: Long-term Effects of Tooth-moving Forces 27718 Mechanical and Biological Determinants of Iatrogenic Injuries in Orthodontics 279Vinod Krishnan, Ambili Renjithkumar, and Ze’ev Davidovitch19 The Biological Background of Relapse of Orthodontic Tooth Movement 297Jaap C. Maltha, Vaska Vandevska-Radunovic, and Anne Marie Kuijpers-JagtmanPart 7: Tooth-movement Research 30920 Planning and Executing Tooth-movement Research 311Vinod Krishnan, Ze’ev Davidovitch, and Rajesh Ramachandran21 Controversies and Research Directions in Tooth-movement Research 327Vinod Krishnan, Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman, and Ze’ev DavidovitchIndex 343

About the EditorsVinod Krishnan is Professor and Head of the Department of Orthodontics at the Sri Sankara Dental College in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman is Researcher at the University Medical Center Groningen in The Netherlands as well as Adjunct Professor at the University of Bern in Switzerland and the University of Indonesia in Jakarta, Indonesia.Ze’ev Davidovitch is Professor Emeritus of Orthodontics at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

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• Contributors viiiPreface to the First Edition xPreface to the Second Edition xiPreface to the Third Edition xiiPart 1: Evolution of Biological Concepts 11 Biological Basis of Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Historical Perspective 3Vinod Krishnan and Ze’ev Davidovitch2 Biology of Orthodontic Tooth Movement: The Evolution of Hypotheses and Concepts 16Vinod Krishnan and Ze’ev DavidovitchPart 2: Mechanics Meets Biology 333 Cellular and Molecular Biology of Orthodontic Tooth Movemen 35Jaap C. Maltha, Vinod Krishnan, and Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman4 Inflammatory Response in the Periodontal Ligament and Dental Pulp During Orthodontic Tooth Movement 49Masaru Yamaguchi and Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet5 The Effects of Mechanical Loading on Hard and Soft Tissues and Cells 68Itzhak Binderman, Nasser Gadban, and Avinoam Yaffe6 Biological Aspects of Bone Growth and Metabolism in Orthodontics 77James K. Hartsfield, Jr., Priyanka Gudsoorkar, Lorri A. Morford, and W. Eugene Roberts, Jr.7 Mechanical Load, Sex Hormones, and Bone Modeling 100Sara H. Windahl and Ulf H. Lerner8 Biological Reactions to Temporary Anchorage Devices 117Gang Wu, Jiangyue Wang, Ding Bai, Jing Guo, Haikun Hu, and Vincent Everts9 Tissue Reaction to Orthodontic Force Systems. Are we in Control? 129Birte Melsen, Michel Dalstra, and Paolo M. CattaneoPart 3: Inflammation and Orthodontics 13910 The Influence of Orthodontic Treatment on Oral Microbiology 141Alessandra Lucchese and Lars Bondemark11 Markers of Paradental Tissue Remodeling in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva of Orthodontic Patients 159Taylor E. Glovsky and Laura R. IwasakiPart 4: Personalized Diagnosis and Treatment 16912 Genetic Influences on Orthodontic Tooth Movement 171Margarita Zeichner-David13 Precision Orthodontics: Limitations and Possibilities in Practice 189James K. Hartsfield, Jr., Priyanka Gudsoorkar, and Lorri A. Morford14 The Effect of Drugs, Hormones, and Diet on Orthodontic Tooth Movement 199Vinod Krishnan, James J. Zahrowski, and Ze’ev DavidovitchPart 5: Rapid Orthodontics 21715 Biological Orthodontics: Methods to Accelerate or Decelerate Orthodontic Tooth Movement 219Vinod Krishnan, Ze’ev Davidovitch, and Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman16 Surgically Assisted Tooth Movement: Biological Application 238Carlalberta Verna, Raffaele Spena, Michel Dalstra, Paolo M. Cattaneo, and Judith V. Ball17 Precision Accelerated Orthodontics: How Micro-osteoperforations and Vibration Trigger Inflammation to Optimize Tooth Movement 265Mani Alikhani, Jeanne M. Nervina, and Christina C. TeixeiraPart 6: Long-term Effects of Tooth-moving Forces 27718 Mechanical and Biological Determinants of Iatrogenic Injuries in Orthodontics 279Vinod Krishnan, Ambili Renjithkumar, and Ze’ev Davidovitch19 The Biological Background of Relapse of Orthodontic Tooth Movement 297Jaap C. Maltha, Vaska Vandevska-Radunovic, and Anne Marie Kuijpers-JagtmanPart 7: Tooth-movement Research 30920 Planning and Executing Tooth-movement Research 311Vinod Krishnan, Ze’ev Davidovitch, and Rajesh Ramachandran21 Controversies and Research Directions in Tooth-movement Research 327Vinod Krishnan, Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman, and Ze’ev DavidovitchIndex 343