Essential Periodontics

Steph Smith is Senior Lecturer of Periodontology at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and a volunteer/visiting Professor of Periodontology at Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Rawal College of Dentistry, Islamabad, Pakistan.Khalid Almas is Professor of Periodontology and is a founder and former Program Director of Postgraduate Periodontics at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. He is a volunteer/visiting Professor of Periodontology at University of Connecticut, School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, USA, and Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Rawal College of Dentistry, Islamabad, Pakistan.

• About the editors xiList of contributors xiiForeword xviiPreface xviii1 Introduction to periodontology/periodontics 1Khalid Almas and Steph Smith2 Anatomy and histology of the periodontium 3Aditi Chopra and Steph Smith3 Classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions 23Khalid Almas and Steph Smith4 Epidemiology and indices of periodontal disease 27Ola Norderyd5 Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases 315.1 The dental biofilm 32Steph Smith5.2 Calculus 60Steph Smith and Khalid Almas5.3 Genetics and periodontal disease 69Steph Smith5.4 Immunopathogenesis of periodontal disease 76Steph Smith5.5 Histopathogenesis of periodontal disease 98Steph Smith6 Periodontal health, gingival diseases and conditions 106Steph Smith7 Periodontitis 115Steph Smith and Khalid Almas8 Aggressive periodontitis 123Steph Smith9 Periodontal conditions and the female patient 130Mea A. Weinberg and Stuart L. Segelnick10 Periodontal manifestations of systemic diseases and developmental and acquired conditions 13510.1 Systemic diseases or conditions affecting the periodontal supporting tissues 136Anders Gustafsson10.2.1 Periodontal abscess 141Steph Smith10.2.2 Endodontic-periodontal lesions 145Steph Smith and Qiang Zhu10.3 Mucogingival conditions and deformities 150Steph Smith10.4 Traumatic occlusal forces 156Steph Smith10.5 Prosthesis and tooth-related factors that modify or predispose to plaque-induced gingival diseases/periodontitis 160Steph Smith11 Periodontal soft and hard tissue pathology 166Steph Smith12 The periodontal examination 174Steph Smith and Aditya Tadinada13 Periodontal risk assessment 188Khalid Almas14 Prognosis and treatment planning for periodontal therapy 200Steph Smith15 Plaque control for the periodontal patient 207Diana Macri and Salim Rayman16 Non-surgical periodontal therapy 21816.1.1 Periodontal instruments 219Khalid Almas and Subraya Bhat16.1.2 Principles of periodontal instrumentation 232Khalid Almas and Subraya Bhat16.1.3 Scaling and root planing 240Subraya Bhat and Khalid Almas16.2 Antimicrobials in periodontics 245Subraya Bhat16.3 Host modulation therapy 254Subraya Bhat and Khalid Almas17 Periodontal plastic surgery 260Steph Smith, Arif Salman and Khalid Almas18 Resective periodontal surgery 27818.1 Gingivectomy/gingivoplasty 279Arif Salman and Karo Parsegian18.2 Periodontal flap surgery 284Arif Salman and Murugan Thamaraiselvan18.3 Osseous resective surgery 291Arif Salman19 Biomaterials in periodontal regeneration 297Nader Hamdan, Zeeshan Sheikh, Haider Al-Waeli and Michael Glogauer20 Periodontal sutures and suturing techniques 316Nader Hamdan, Zeeshan Sheikh and Haider Al-Waeli21 Periodontal wound healing 328Michel V. Furtado Araujo, Farheen Malek and Steph Smith22 Supportive periodontal therapy 338Tara Taiyeb Ali23 Periodontal medicine 345Steph Smith23.1 Periodontal disease, diabetes, and obesity 347Steph Smith23.2 Periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease 362Steph Smith23.3 Periodontal disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 378Steph Smith23.4 Periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes 386Steph Smith23.5 Periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis 396Steph Smith23.6 Periodontal disease and Alzheimer’s disease 402Steph Smith24 Autoimmune disorders affecting the periodontium 408Mabi Singh and Adriane Kilar25 Periodontal and medical emergencies 41725.1 Management of periodontal emergencies 418Subraya Bhat and Khalid Almas25.2 Management of medically compromised patients 422Subraya Bhat and Khalid Almas25.3 Medical emergencies in the dental office 433Steph Smith26 Halitosis 438David G. Gillam27 Interdisciplinary periodontics 44427.1 The periodontics–restorative relationship 445Ajay K. Dhingra, Sejal R. Thacker, Farheen Malek and Steph Smith27.2 The periodontal–orthodontic relationship 454Achint Utreja and Feras Al Khatib28 Fundamentals of dental implants 464Brittany Camenisch, Nehal Almehmadi, Pratishtha Mishra and Mohanad Al-Sabbagh29 Examination and treatment planning of the implant patient 478Sejal R. Thacker30 Risk factors for implant therapy 487Steph Smith31 Dental implants and patients with systemic conditions 499Fawad Javed32 Clinical considerations for implant-restorative procedures 506Ahmad Kutkut33 Implant surgical procedures 519Steph Smith, Khalid Almas, Nehal Almehmadi and Mohanad Al-Sabbagh34 Peri-implant diseases and conditions 540Steph Smith35 Peri-implantitis 54635.1 The peri-implant microbiome 547Steph Smith35.2 Diagnosis and treatment of peri-implantitis 565Pierluigi Balice36 Maintenance of implants 577Khalid Almas and Avinash S. Bidra37 Future advances and research in periodontics 587Yasir Dilshad SiddiquiAppendix 1: Periodontal chart 592Appendix 2: Periodontal indices 594Appendix 3: Smoking cessation 598Appendix 4: Indications for cone beam computed tomography in implant dentistry 599Appendix 5: Imaging modalities for clinical situations and their specific indications 600Appendix 6: Radiographic selection criteria for dental implants 601Appendix 7: Implant Disease Risk Assessment (IDRA) functional diagram 602Appendix 8: Periodontal and implant journals, societies, and useful websites 603Index 606