Khaldoun Sharif, MBBCh, MD, FRCOG, MFFP, Istishari Fertility Center, Istishari Hospital, Amman, Jordan.Arri Coomarasamy, MBChB, MD, MRCOG, Birmingham Women's Hospital, University of Birmingham, UK.

• Contributors xiiiPreface to the second edition xxviiiPreface to the first edition xxixHow to use this book xxxAbbreviations xxxiSection 1: Counseling and preparation 11 Risk of cancer from ovarian stimulation 3Yadava Jeve2 Risk of early menopause following IVF treatment 9Sesh Kamal Sunkara3 The HIV-positive female 12Mark V. Sauer and Shelley Dolitsky4 The HIV-positive male 19Mark V. Sauer and Shelley Dolitsky5 The hepatitis B or C carrier patient 26Justin Chu6 The patient with cystic fibrosis 32Tarek El‐Toukhy7 The patient on medication 37Pedro Melo and Arri Coomarasamy8 The patient with thrombophilia 48Yorain Sri Ranjan and Ying C. Cheong9 The patient with autoimmune disorders 56Giulia Mariani and José Bellver10 The patient with malignant disease: fertility preservation 61Arri Coomarasamy and Manal Elgendy11 The patient with heart disease 69Anna S. Herrey and Catherine Nelson-Piercy12 The patient with diabetes 75Mohammed A. Khan, Neelam Potdar, and Justin C. Konje13 The patient with thyroid disease 81Shiao-yng Chan14 The patient with hyperprolactinemia 89John Ayuk15 The patient with polycystic ovaries 96Adam H. Balen16 The renal transplant patient 103Justin Chu and Lynne Robinson17 The patient with previous pelvic irradiation 110Vishvanath C. Karande18 Female fertility after chemotherapy 116Nivedita Reddy19 The patient with abnormal cervical cytology 123Martyn Underwood and William Rhys Parry-Smith20 The patient with previous borderline ovarian tumor 127Arri Coomarasamy, Kavita Singh, and Jennifer Tamblyn21 The patient with an endometrioma 132Spyros Chouliaras and Luciano G. Nardo22 The patient with cervical stenosis 137Khaldoun Sharif23 Vaccination and ART 142Arri Coomarasamy and Rima Dhillon-Smith24 The patient with hydrosalpinx 147Annika Strandell25 The patient with hydrosalpinx and contraindication to laparoscopy 153Basim Abu-Rafea26 The patient with reduced ovarian reserve 159Scott M. Nelson27 The patient with congenital uterine anomalies 166Rima Dhillon-Smith and Pallavi Latthe28 The patient with congenital cervico-vaginal anomalies 171Rima Dhillon-Smith and Pallavi Latthe29 The patient with uterine fibroids 176Kugajeevan Vigneswaran and Haitham Hamoda30 The patient with adenomyosis 182Andreas Athanasakis and Arri Coomarasamy31 The patient with previous Essure® sterilization 187T. Justin Clark32 The patient with previous endometrial ablation 192T. Justin Clark33 The couple with recurrent implantation failure 200Lukasz Polanski and Yakoub Khalaf34 The patient with previous uterine artery embolization 207Kugajeevan Vigneswaran and Haitham Hamoda35 The patient with endometrial polyp 212Arri Coomarasamy and Laurentiu Craciunas36 The obese female patient 217Mostafa Metwally and Bolarinde Ola37 The patient with Asherman syndrome 223Alessandro Conforti, Giuseppe Iorio, and Carlo Alviggi38 The older patient 228Giselle Crawford and William Ledger39 Requests for mild or natural cycle IVF treatment 234Brad B. Swelstad and Suheil J. Muasher40 The patient with psychosexual problems 239Penny Goold and Elizabeth Howland41 The patient needing third-party reproduction 246Imad Aboujaoude and Teddy Tadros42 Social oocyte freezing 252Valerie L. Peddie and Smriti Ray Chaudhuri Bhatta43 The male and female patients following bariatric surgery 258Zaher Merhi and Ali Ahmed Bazzi44 Endometrial receptivity testing 265Laurentiu Craciunas and Arri CoomarasamySection 2: Pituitary suppression and ovarian stimulation phase 27145 Poor response during ovarian stimulation 273Pedro Melo, Lynne Robinson, and Arri Coomarasamy46 Ovarian stimulation for IVF in a patient at high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 279Khaldoun Sharif and Ahmed G. Serour47 Unable to achieve pituitary down-regulation 284K. Jayaprakasan and Nicholas Raine-Fenning48 The patient discovered pregnant during pituitary down-regulation 291Mohammed Khairy Mahmoud and Arri Coomarasamy49 Ovarian cysts following pituitary down-regulation 296Alison Taylor50 Missed IVF medications 302Pedro Melo, Lynne Robinson, and Arri Coomarasamy51 The ART patient with a history of estrogen-receptorpositive cancer 309Murat Sönmezer and Volkan Turan52 The patient over-responding to controlled ovarian stimulation during IVF 315Khaldoun SharifSection 3: Oocyte retrieval 32353 General anesthesia or sedation for oocyte retrieval? 325Claire Scanlon and David Green54 Delayed oocyte retrieval 331Khaldoun Sharif55 Empty follicle syndrome 337Aboubakr Mohamed Elnashar56 Bleeding following oocyte retrieval 344Annika K. Ludwig and Barbara Sonntag57 To flush or not to flush follicles at oocyte retrieval 351Anne E. Martini and Micah J. Hill58 Inaccessible ovaries at oocyte retrieval 358Aboubakr Mohamed Elnashar59 Endometriotic cysts at oocyte retrieval 363Graciela Kohls Ilgner and Juan Antonio García-Velasco60 Inadvertent injury during oocyte retrieval 369Khaldoun Sharif61 Dealing with equipment failure during oocyte retrieval 377Isla Robertson and Ying C. CheongSection 4: Embryo transfer 38162 How many embryos to transfer? 383Ellen Armstrong and Arri Coomarasamy63 Poor endometrial development in ART 390Jyotsna Pundir and Arri Coomarasamy64 Endometrial cavity fluid identified during IVF treatment 400Arri Coomarasamy and Yealin Chung65 Difficult embryo transfer 404Khaldoun Sharif66 Excess cervical mucus and retained embryos at embryo transfer 413Hassan N. Sallam, Ahmed F. Galal, and Fady S. Moeity67 Life after embryo transfer 419Kelton TremellenSection 5: The luteal phase 42768 Vaginal bleeding in the luteal phase after IVF 429Carol Coughlan and Bolarinde Ola69 Pelvic infection after IVF 435Muhammad Faisal Aslam and Ali Ahmad Bazzi70 The patient presenting with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 440Khaldoun Sharif and Dania Al‐Ramahi71 Adnexal torsion after IVF 447Jenna Turocy and Beth W. Rackow72 Exposure to infection in the luteal phase of IVF 453Pedro Melo and Arri CoomarasamySection 6: The ART laboratory 46573 Total failure of fertilization after conventional IVF – rescue ICSI 467A. Albert Yuzpe74 Couples not wishing to create surplus embryos in IVF 473Hossam Mohamed75 Routine preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy 478Lukasz Polanski and Yakoub Khalaf76 Choosing an embryo for transfer 484Peter Kovacs and Szabolcs Matyas77 Globozoospermia 492Odai A. M. Alqawasmeh and Christopher L. R. Barratt78 Total failure of fertilization after ICSI 498Kaoru Yanagida79 Refreezing of embryos 503Jerome H. Check and Donna Summers80 Infection in embryo culture medium 509Alison Campbell and Louise Best81 ICSI or IVF for nonmale-factor infertility? 515Samuel Dobson and Bolarinde Ola82 Cryostorage failure in ART 522Christopher P. Moutos, Angela H. Liu, and John Y. Phelps83 The ART program during a disaster 527Richard P. Dickey and Carla Ball White84 Using the wrong sperm or embryos in IVF 533Khaldoun Sharif and Majd M. Ezal‐DeenSection 7: The male patient 53985 Unexpected inability to produce a semen sample on the day of oocyte retrieval 541Khaldoun Sharif, Majd M. Ezal‐Deen, and Gyath Karadsheh86 The azoospermic patient 545Khaldoun Sharif and Ali Al-Rawahneh87 ART in men with Klinefelter syndrome 553Medhat Amer and Emad Fakhry88 ART in men with 100% immotile sperm 559Jose Vázquez Núñez, Juan José Artazkoz Marques de Oliveira, Patricia Hernández Delgado, Ayrton Artazkoz Marques de Oliveira, and Neuda Marques de Oliveira89 Request for posthumous fatherhood with perimortem surgical sperm retrieval 565Mahmoud Mima, Samuel J. Ohlander, Rodrigo L. Pagani, Heather E. Ross, and Lawrence S. Ross90 Retrograde ejaculation and anejaculation 575Hussain M. Alnajjar and Asif Muneer91 Sperm retrieval in cancerous testes 580Wael Almajed, Saad Aldousari, and Armand Zini92 Leukocytospermia and ART 584Giuseppe Ricci93 The infertile male patient with a genetic cause 589Marlon P. Martinez and Ashok Agarwal94 Y chromosome microdeletions and ART 598Sherman J. Silber and Sierra Goldsmith95 DNA fragmentation, antioxidants and ART 606Sarah J. Martins da SilvaSection 8: The ART pregnancy 61396 Unexpected number or sex of babies after IVF 615Majd M. Ezal-Deen, Mohamad Bani-Domi, and Omar Sharif97 Suspected ectopic pregnancy after IVF 620Vishvanath C. Karande, Liselotte Mettler,, and Ibrahim Alkatout98 Cervical ectopic pregnancy after IVF 626Usha Verma and Sabrina Pastor-Carvajal99 Heterotopic pregnancy after IVF 632Abdel‐Maguid Ramzy100 Multifetal pregnancy reduction after IVF 638Omar Taso and Maher Maaita101 Multiple pregnancy after IVF: how to reduce preterm delivery 644Shawqi Saleh and Maysa Khadra102 Hyperreactio luteinalis after IVF 650Muataz Al-Ramahi and Omar Sharif103 Lactation by a commissioning mother in surrogacy 654Pavithra Rao and Frank P. Biervliet104 Children of ART 658Defne Saatci and Alastair G. SutcliffeSection 9: General and organizational issues 665105 Managing physical symptoms during IVF 667Chiara Achilli and Jyotsna Pundir106 IVF when the prognosis is very poor or futile 673Khaldoun Sharif107 Dealing with the emotional distress following failed IVF 678Sarah R. Holley, Lauri A. Pasch, and Alice D. Domar108 Couple splitting while embryos are in storage 684Masoud Afnan109 Unexpected drop in the IVF clinic pregnancy rate 690Bulent Urman and Kayhan Yakin110 Natural fertility after IVF 696Frank Nawroth and Annika K. Ludwig111 Training in ART 699Ryan J. Heitmann112 Keeping up to date in ART practice 706Bassel H. Al-Wattar and Khalid S. Khan113 Cross-border reproductive care 714Mahmoud Salama, Lynn M. Westphal, Marcia C. Inhorn, and Pasquale Patrizio114 Satellite and transport ART treatment 720M. F. González Echeverría and J. A. Blaquier115 Social media use in ART 725Natalie M. Crawford, Roohi Jeelani, Lora K. Shahine, and Kenan Omurtag116 Managing an ART unit as a profitable business 733Michael H. Fakih, Ahmad Fakih, and Amanda FakihIndex 739

Khaldoun Sharif, MBBCh, MD, FRCOG, MFFP, Istishari Fertility Center, Istishari Hospital, Amman, Jordan.Arri Coomarasamy, MBChB, MD, MRCOG, Birmingham Women's Hospital, University of Birmingham, UK.

• Contributors xiiiPreface to the second edition xxviiiPreface to the first edition xxixHow to use this book xxxAbbreviations xxxiSection 1: Counseling and preparation 11 Risk of cancer from ovarian stimulation 3Yadava Jeve2 Risk of early menopause following IVF treatment 9Sesh Kamal Sunkara3 The HIV-positive female 12Mark V. Sauer and Shelley Dolitsky4 The HIV-positive male 19Mark V. Sauer and Shelley Dolitsky5 The hepatitis B or C carrier patient 26Justin Chu6 The patient with cystic fibrosis 32Tarek El‐Toukhy7 The patient on medication 37Pedro Melo and Arri Coomarasamy8 The patient with thrombophilia 48Yorain Sri Ranjan and Ying C. Cheong9 The patient with autoimmune disorders 56Giulia Mariani and José Bellver10 The patient with malignant disease: fertility preservation 61Arri Coomarasamy and Manal Elgendy11 The patient with heart disease 69Anna S. Herrey and Catherine Nelson-Piercy12 The patient with diabetes 75Mohammed A. Khan, Neelam Potdar, and Justin C. Konje13 The patient with thyroid disease 81Shiao-yng Chan14 The patient with hyperprolactinemia 89John Ayuk15 The patient with polycystic ovaries 96Adam H. Balen16 The renal transplant patient 103Justin Chu and Lynne Robinson17 The patient with previous pelvic irradiation 110Vishvanath C. Karande18 Female fertility after chemotherapy 116Nivedita Reddy19 The patient with abnormal cervical cytology 123Martyn Underwood and William Rhys Parry-Smith20 The patient with previous borderline ovarian tumor 127Arri Coomarasamy, Kavita Singh, and Jennifer Tamblyn21 The patient with an endometrioma 132Spyros Chouliaras and Luciano G. Nardo22 The patient with cervical stenosis 137Khaldoun Sharif23 Vaccination and ART 142Arri Coomarasamy and Rima Dhillon-Smith24 The patient with hydrosalpinx 147Annika Strandell25 The patient with hydrosalpinx and contraindication to laparoscopy 153Basim Abu-Rafea26 The patient with reduced ovarian reserve 159Scott M. Nelson27 The patient with congenital uterine anomalies 166Rima Dhillon-Smith and Pallavi Latthe28 The patient with congenital cervico-vaginal anomalies 171Rima Dhillon-Smith and Pallavi Latthe29 The patient with uterine fibroids 176Kugajeevan Vigneswaran and Haitham Hamoda30 The patient with adenomyosis 182Andreas Athanasakis and Arri Coomarasamy31 The patient with previous Essure® sterilization 187T. Justin Clark32 The patient with previous endometrial ablation 192T. Justin Clark33 The couple with recurrent implantation failure 200Lukasz Polanski and Yakoub Khalaf34 The patient with previous uterine artery embolization 207Kugajeevan Vigneswaran and Haitham Hamoda35 The patient with endometrial polyp 212Arri Coomarasamy and Laurentiu Craciunas36 The obese female patient 217Mostafa Metwally and Bolarinde Ola37 The patient with Asherman syndrome 223Alessandro Conforti, Giuseppe Iorio, and Carlo Alviggi38 The older patient 228Giselle Crawford and William Ledger39 Requests for mild or natural cycle IVF treatment 234Brad B. Swelstad and Suheil J. Muasher40 The patient with psychosexual problems 239Penny Goold and Elizabeth Howland41 The patient needing third-party reproduction 246Imad Aboujaoude and Teddy Tadros42 Social oocyte freezing 252Valerie L. Peddie and Smriti Ray Chaudhuri Bhatta43 The male and female patients following bariatric surgery 258Zaher Merhi and Ali Ahmed Bazzi44 Endometrial receptivity testing 265Laurentiu Craciunas and Arri CoomarasamySection 2: Pituitary suppression and ovarian stimulation phase 27145 Poor response during ovarian stimulation 273Pedro Melo, Lynne Robinson, and Arri Coomarasamy46 Ovarian stimulation for IVF in a patient at high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 279Khaldoun Sharif and Ahmed G. Serour47 Unable to achieve pituitary down-regulation 284K. Jayaprakasan and Nicholas Raine-Fenning48 The patient discovered pregnant during pituitary down-regulation 291Mohammed Khairy Mahmoud and Arri Coomarasamy49 Ovarian cysts following pituitary down-regulation 296Alison Taylor50 Missed IVF medications 302Pedro Melo, Lynne Robinson, and Arri Coomarasamy51 The ART patient with a history of estrogen-receptorpositive cancer 309Murat Sönmezer and Volkan Turan52 The patient over-responding to controlled ovarian stimulation during IVF 315Khaldoun SharifSection 3: Oocyte retrieval 32353 General anesthesia or sedation for oocyte retrieval? 325Claire Scanlon and David Green54 Delayed oocyte retrieval 331Khaldoun Sharif55 Empty follicle syndrome 337Aboubakr Mohamed Elnashar56 Bleeding following oocyte retrieval 344Annika K. Ludwig and Barbara Sonntag57 To flush or not to flush follicles at oocyte retrieval 351Anne E. Martini and Micah J. Hill58 Inaccessible ovaries at oocyte retrieval 358Aboubakr Mohamed Elnashar59 Endometriotic cysts at oocyte retrieval 363Graciela Kohls Ilgner and Juan Antonio García-Velasco60 Inadvertent injury during oocyte retrieval 369Khaldoun Sharif61 Dealing with equipment failure during oocyte retrieval 377Isla Robertson and Ying C. CheongSection 4: Embryo transfer 38162 How many embryos to transfer? 383Ellen Armstrong and Arri Coomarasamy63 Poor endometrial development in ART 390Jyotsna Pundir and Arri Coomarasamy64 Endometrial cavity fluid identified during IVF treatment 400Arri Coomarasamy and Yealin Chung65 Difficult embryo transfer 404Khaldoun Sharif66 Excess cervical mucus and retained embryos at embryo transfer 413Hassan N. Sallam, Ahmed F. Galal, and Fady S. Moeity67 Life after embryo transfer 419Kelton TremellenSection 5: The luteal phase 42768 Vaginal bleeding in the luteal phase after IVF 429Carol Coughlan and Bolarinde Ola69 Pelvic infection after IVF 435Muhammad Faisal Aslam and Ali Ahmad Bazzi70 The patient presenting with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 440Khaldoun Sharif and Dania Al‐Ramahi71 Adnexal torsion after IVF 447Jenna Turocy and Beth W. Rackow72 Exposure to infection in the luteal phase of IVF 453Pedro Melo and Arri CoomarasamySection 6: The ART laboratory 46573 Total failure of fertilization after conventional IVF – rescue ICSI 467A. Albert Yuzpe74 Couples not wishing to create surplus embryos in IVF 473Hossam Mohamed75 Routine preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy 478Lukasz Polanski and Yakoub Khalaf76 Choosing an embryo for transfer 484Peter Kovacs and Szabolcs Matyas77 Globozoospermia 492Odai A. M. Alqawasmeh and Christopher L. R. Barratt78 Total failure of fertilization after ICSI 498Kaoru Yanagida79 Refreezing of embryos 503Jerome H. Check and Donna Summers80 Infection in embryo culture medium 509Alison Campbell and Louise Best81 ICSI or IVF for nonmale-factor infertility? 515Samuel Dobson and Bolarinde Ola82 Cryostorage failure in ART 522Christopher P. Moutos, Angela H. Liu, and John Y. Phelps83 The ART program during a disaster 527Richard P. Dickey and Carla Ball White84 Using the wrong sperm or embryos in IVF 533Khaldoun Sharif and Majd M. Ezal‐DeenSection 7: The male patient 53985 Unexpected inability to produce a semen sample on the day of oocyte retrieval 541Khaldoun Sharif, Majd M. Ezal‐Deen, and Gyath Karadsheh86 The azoospermic patient 545Khaldoun Sharif and Ali Al-Rawahneh87 ART in men with Klinefelter syndrome 553Medhat Amer and Emad Fakhry88 ART in men with 100% immotile sperm 559Jose Vázquez Núñez, Juan José Artazkoz Marques de Oliveira, Patricia Hernández Delgado, Ayrton Artazkoz Marques de Oliveira, and Neuda Marques de Oliveira89 Request for posthumous fatherhood with perimortem surgical sperm retrieval 565Mahmoud Mima, Samuel J. Ohlander, Rodrigo L. Pagani, Heather E. Ross, and Lawrence S. Ross90 Retrograde ejaculation and anejaculation 575Hussain M. Alnajjar and Asif Muneer91 Sperm retrieval in cancerous testes 580Wael Almajed, Saad Aldousari, and Armand Zini92 Leukocytospermia and ART 584Giuseppe Ricci93 The infertile male patient with a genetic cause 589Marlon P. Martinez and Ashok Agarwal94 Y chromosome microdeletions and ART 598Sherman J. Silber and Sierra Goldsmith95 DNA fragmentation, antioxidants and ART 606Sarah J. Martins da SilvaSection 8: The ART pregnancy 61396 Unexpected number or sex of babies after IVF 615Majd M. Ezal-Deen, Mohamad Bani-Domi, and Omar Sharif97 Suspected ectopic pregnancy after IVF 620Vishvanath C. Karande, Liselotte Mettler,, and Ibrahim Alkatout98 Cervical ectopic pregnancy after IVF 626Usha Verma and Sabrina Pastor-Carvajal99 Heterotopic pregnancy after IVF 632Abdel‐Maguid Ramzy100 Multifetal pregnancy reduction after IVF 638Omar Taso and Maher Maaita101 Multiple pregnancy after IVF: how to reduce preterm delivery 644Shawqi Saleh and Maysa Khadra102 Hyperreactio luteinalis after IVF 650Muataz Al-Ramahi and Omar Sharif103 Lactation by a commissioning mother in surrogacy 654Pavithra Rao and Frank P. Biervliet104 Children of ART 658Defne Saatci and Alastair G. SutcliffeSection 9: General and organizational issues 665105 Managing physical symptoms during IVF 667Chiara Achilli and Jyotsna Pundir106 IVF when the prognosis is very poor or futile 673Khaldoun Sharif107 Dealing with the emotional distress following failed IVF 678Sarah R. Holley, Lauri A. Pasch, and Alice D. Domar108 Couple splitting while embryos are in storage 684Masoud Afnan109 Unexpected drop in the IVF clinic pregnancy rate 690Bulent Urman and Kayhan Yakin110 Natural fertility after IVF 696Frank Nawroth and Annika K. Ludwig111 Training in ART 699Ryan J. Heitmann112 Keeping up to date in ART practice 706Bassel H. Al-Wattar and Khalid S. Khan113 Cross-border reproductive care 714Mahmoud Salama, Lynn M. Westphal, Marcia C. Inhorn, and Pasquale Patrizio114 Satellite and transport ART treatment 720M. F. González Echeverría and J. A. Blaquier115 Social media use in ART 725Natalie M. Crawford, Roohi Jeelani, Lora K. Shahine, and Kenan Omurtag116 Managing an ART unit as a profitable business 733Michael H. Fakih, Ahmad Fakih, and Amanda FakihIndex 739

Khaldoun Sharif, MBBCh, MD, FRCOG, MFFP, Istishari Fertility Center, Istishari Hospital, Amman, Jordan.Arri Coomarasamy, MBChB, MD, MRCOG, Birmingham Women's Hospital, University of Birmingham, UK.

• Contributors xiiiPreface to the second edition xxviiiPreface to the first edition xxixHow to use this book xxxAbbreviations xxxiSection 1: Counseling and preparation 11 Risk of cancer from ovarian stimulation 3Yadava Jeve2 Risk of early menopause following IVF treatment 9Sesh Kamal Sunkara3 The HIV-positive female 12Mark V. Sauer and Shelley Dolitsky4 The HIV-positive male 19Mark V. Sauer and Shelley Dolitsky5 The hepatitis B or C carrier patient 26Justin Chu6 The patient with cystic fibrosis 32Tarek El‐Toukhy7 The patient on medication 37Pedro Melo and Arri Coomarasamy8 The patient with thrombophilia 48Yorain Sri Ranjan and Ying C. Cheong9 The patient with autoimmune disorders 56Giulia Mariani and José Bellver10 The patient with malignant disease: fertility preservation 61Arri Coomarasamy and Manal Elgendy11 The patient with heart disease 69Anna S. Herrey and Catherine Nelson-Piercy12 The patient with diabetes 75Mohammed A. Khan, Neelam Potdar, and Justin C. Konje13 The patient with thyroid disease 81Shiao-yng Chan14 The patient with hyperprolactinemia 89John Ayuk15 The patient with polycystic ovaries 96Adam H. Balen16 The renal transplant patient 103Justin Chu and Lynne Robinson17 The patient with previous pelvic irradiation 110Vishvanath C. Karande18 Female fertility after chemotherapy 116Nivedita Reddy19 The patient with abnormal cervical cytology 123Martyn Underwood and William Rhys Parry-Smith20 The patient with previous borderline ovarian tumor 127Arri Coomarasamy, Kavita Singh, and Jennifer Tamblyn21 The patient with an endometrioma 132Spyros Chouliaras and Luciano G. Nardo22 The patient with cervical stenosis 137Khaldoun Sharif23 Vaccination and ART 142Arri Coomarasamy and Rima Dhillon-Smith24 The patient with hydrosalpinx 147Annika Strandell25 The patient with hydrosalpinx and contraindication to laparoscopy 153Basim Abu-Rafea26 The patient with reduced ovarian reserve 159Scott M. Nelson27 The patient with congenital uterine anomalies 166Rima Dhillon-Smith and Pallavi Latthe28 The patient with congenital cervico-vaginal anomalies 171Rima Dhillon-Smith and Pallavi Latthe29 The patient with uterine fibroids 176Kugajeevan Vigneswaran and Haitham Hamoda30 The patient with adenomyosis 182Andreas Athanasakis and Arri Coomarasamy31 The patient with previous Essure® sterilization 187T. Justin Clark32 The patient with previous endometrial ablation 192T. Justin Clark33 The couple with recurrent implantation failure 200Lukasz Polanski and Yakoub Khalaf34 The patient with previous uterine artery embolization 207Kugajeevan Vigneswaran and Haitham Hamoda35 The patient with endometrial polyp 212Arri Coomarasamy and Laurentiu Craciunas36 The obese female patient 217Mostafa Metwally and Bolarinde Ola37 The patient with Asherman syndrome 223Alessandro Conforti, Giuseppe Iorio, and Carlo Alviggi38 The older patient 228Giselle Crawford and William Ledger39 Requests for mild or natural cycle IVF treatment 234Brad B. Swelstad and Suheil J. Muasher40 The patient with psychosexual problems 239Penny Goold and Elizabeth Howland41 The patient needing third-party reproduction 246Imad Aboujaoude and Teddy Tadros42 Social oocyte freezing 252Valerie L. Peddie and Smriti Ray Chaudhuri Bhatta43 The male and female patients following bariatric surgery 258Zaher Merhi and Ali Ahmed Bazzi44 Endometrial receptivity testing 265Laurentiu Craciunas and Arri CoomarasamySection 2: Pituitary suppression and ovarian stimulation phase 27145 Poor response during ovarian stimulation 273Pedro Melo, Lynne Robinson, and Arri Coomarasamy46 Ovarian stimulation for IVF in a patient at high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 279Khaldoun Sharif and Ahmed G. Serour47 Unable to achieve pituitary down-regulation 284K. Jayaprakasan and Nicholas Raine-Fenning48 The patient discovered pregnant during pituitary down-regulation 291Mohammed Khairy Mahmoud and Arri Coomarasamy49 Ovarian cysts following pituitary down-regulation 296Alison Taylor50 Missed IVF medications 302Pedro Melo, Lynne Robinson, and Arri Coomarasamy51 The ART patient with a history of estrogen-receptorpositive cancer 309Murat Sönmezer and Volkan Turan52 The patient over-responding to controlled ovarian stimulation during IVF 315Khaldoun SharifSection 3: Oocyte retrieval 32353 General anesthesia or sedation for oocyte retrieval? 325Claire Scanlon and David Green54 Delayed oocyte retrieval 331Khaldoun Sharif55 Empty follicle syndrome 337Aboubakr Mohamed Elnashar56 Bleeding following oocyte retrieval 344Annika K. Ludwig and Barbara Sonntag57 To flush or not to flush follicles at oocyte retrieval 351Anne E. Martini and Micah J. Hill58 Inaccessible ovaries at oocyte retrieval 358Aboubakr Mohamed Elnashar59 Endometriotic cysts at oocyte retrieval 363Graciela Kohls Ilgner and Juan Antonio García-Velasco60 Inadvertent injury during oocyte retrieval 369Khaldoun Sharif61 Dealing with equipment failure during oocyte retrieval 377Isla Robertson and Ying C. CheongSection 4: Embryo transfer 38162 How many embryos to transfer? 383Ellen Armstrong and Arri Coomarasamy63 Poor endometrial development in ART 390Jyotsna Pundir and Arri Coomarasamy64 Endometrial cavity fluid identified during IVF treatment 400Arri Coomarasamy and Yealin Chung65 Difficult embryo transfer 404Khaldoun Sharif66 Excess cervical mucus and retained embryos at embryo transfer 413Hassan N. Sallam, Ahmed F. Galal, and Fady S. Moeity67 Life after embryo transfer 419Kelton TremellenSection 5: The luteal phase 42768 Vaginal bleeding in the luteal phase after IVF 429Carol Coughlan and Bolarinde Ola69 Pelvic infection after IVF 435Muhammad Faisal Aslam and Ali Ahmad Bazzi70 The patient presenting with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 440Khaldoun Sharif and Dania Al‐Ramahi71 Adnexal torsion after IVF 447Jenna Turocy and Beth W. Rackow72 Exposure to infection in the luteal phase of IVF 453Pedro Melo and Arri CoomarasamySection 6: The ART laboratory 46573 Total failure of fertilization after conventional IVF – rescue ICSI 467A. Albert Yuzpe74 Couples not wishing to create surplus embryos in IVF 473Hossam Mohamed75 Routine preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy 478Lukasz Polanski and Yakoub Khalaf76 Choosing an embryo for transfer 484Peter Kovacs and Szabolcs Matyas77 Globozoospermia 492Odai A. M. Alqawasmeh and Christopher L. R. Barratt78 Total failure of fertilization after ICSI 498Kaoru Yanagida79 Refreezing of embryos 503Jerome H. Check and Donna Summers80 Infection in embryo culture medium 509Alison Campbell and Louise Best81 ICSI or IVF for nonmale-factor infertility? 515Samuel Dobson and Bolarinde Ola82 Cryostorage failure in ART 522Christopher P. Moutos, Angela H. Liu, and John Y. Phelps83 The ART program during a disaster 527Richard P. Dickey and Carla Ball White84 Using the wrong sperm or embryos in IVF 533Khaldoun Sharif and Majd M. Ezal‐DeenSection 7: The male patient 53985 Unexpected inability to produce a semen sample on the day of oocyte retrieval 541Khaldoun Sharif, Majd M. Ezal‐Deen, and Gyath Karadsheh86 The azoospermic patient 545Khaldoun Sharif and Ali Al-Rawahneh87 ART in men with Klinefelter syndrome 553Medhat Amer and Emad Fakhry88 ART in men with 100% immotile sperm 559Jose Vázquez Núñez, Juan José Artazkoz Marques de Oliveira, Patricia Hernández Delgado, Ayrton Artazkoz Marques de Oliveira, and Neuda Marques de Oliveira89 Request for posthumous fatherhood with perimortem surgical sperm retrieval 565Mahmoud Mima, Samuel J. Ohlander, Rodrigo L. Pagani, Heather E. Ross, and Lawrence S. Ross90 Retrograde ejaculation and anejaculation 575Hussain M. Alnajjar and Asif Muneer91 Sperm retrieval in cancerous testes 580Wael Almajed, Saad Aldousari, and Armand Zini92 Leukocytospermia and ART 584Giuseppe Ricci93 The infertile male patient with a genetic cause 589Marlon P. Martinez and Ashok Agarwal94 Y chromosome microdeletions and ART 598Sherman J. Silber and Sierra Goldsmith95 DNA fragmentation, antioxidants and ART 606Sarah J. Martins da SilvaSection 8: The ART pregnancy 61396 Unexpected number or sex of babies after IVF 615Majd M. Ezal-Deen, Mohamad Bani-Domi, and Omar Sharif97 Suspected ectopic pregnancy after IVF 620Vishvanath C. Karande, Liselotte Mettler,, and Ibrahim Alkatout98 Cervical ectopic pregnancy after IVF 626Usha Verma and Sabrina Pastor-Carvajal99 Heterotopic pregnancy after IVF 632Abdel‐Maguid Ramzy100 Multifetal pregnancy reduction after IVF 638Omar Taso and Maher Maaita101 Multiple pregnancy after IVF: how to reduce preterm delivery 644Shawqi Saleh and Maysa Khadra102 Hyperreactio luteinalis after IVF 650Muataz Al-Ramahi and Omar Sharif103 Lactation by a commissioning mother in surrogacy 654Pavithra Rao and Frank P. Biervliet104 Children of ART 658Defne Saatci and Alastair G. SutcliffeSection 9: General and organizational issues 665105 Managing physical symptoms during IVF 667Chiara Achilli and Jyotsna Pundir106 IVF when the prognosis is very poor or futile 673Khaldoun Sharif107 Dealing with the emotional distress following failed IVF 678Sarah R. Holley, Lauri A. Pasch, and Alice D. Domar108 Couple splitting while embryos are in storage 684Masoud Afnan109 Unexpected drop in the IVF clinic pregnancy rate 690Bulent Urman and Kayhan Yakin110 Natural fertility after IVF 696Frank Nawroth and Annika K. Ludwig111 Training in ART 699Ryan J. Heitmann112 Keeping up to date in ART practice 706Bassel H. Al-Wattar and Khalid S. Khan113 Cross-border reproductive care 714Mahmoud Salama, Lynn M. Westphal, Marcia C. Inhorn, and Pasquale Patrizio114 Satellite and transport ART treatment 720M. F. González Echeverría and J. A. Blaquier115 Social media use in ART 725Natalie M. Crawford, Roohi Jeelani, Lora K. Shahine, and Kenan Omurtag116 Managing an ART unit as a profitable business 733Michael H. Fakih, Ahmad Fakih, and Amanda FakihIndex 739