Irwin Goldman, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.

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• Contributors ix1 Salvatore Ceccarelli: Plant Breeder, Mentor, and Farmers' Friend 1Stefania GrandoI. Biographical Sketch and Background 2II. Research 6III. The Man 17IV. The Mentor and Inspirer 19V. The Innovator 20VI. The Supporter of National Programs 21VII. The Advocate of Farmers 212 Maize Cross Incompatibility and the Promiscuous Ga1-m Allele 31Major M. Goodman, Zachary G. Jones, G. Jesus Sanchez, and Jerry L. KermicleI. Historical Background 33II. Ga1 (Gametophyte-Factor 1), Ga2 (Gametophyte-Factor 2), and Tcb1 (Teosinte-Crossing-Barrier 1) 34III. Ga1-m (Gametophyte-Factor 1-Male) 35IV. Locus Composition 35V. Gametophytic Selective Advantage 36VI. Silk Reactions 36VII. Mapping Gametophytic Loci 38VIII. Geographical Distribution of Ga1 Alleles 38IX. Distribution of Ga1 Alleles in Commercial Materials 41X. Teosinte and Maize 41XI. Popcorn and Organic Isolations 43XII. Exceptionally Strong Cross-Incompatible Sources Within Maize 44XIII. Caution Concerning Use of Ga1-m 45XIV. Genetic Modifiers 46XV. Molecular Characterizations 47XVI. Recent Conclusions 47XVII. Practical Use of Pollen-Blockers 47XVIII. Future Prospects 503 Development of the Genetically Modified Innate Potato 57Craig M. RichaelI. Introduction 58II. Innate Generation 1 Potato Varieties 65III. Innate Generation 2 Potato Varieties 71IV. Future Innate Potato Varieties 74V. Conclusions 754 Cucumis sativus Chromosome Evolution, Domestication, and Genetic Diversity: Implications for Cucumber Breeding 79Yiqun WengI. Introduction 81II. Chromosome Evolution in the Making of Cucumber 83III. Chromosome Evolution During Cucumber Domestication 86IV. Diffusion of Cucumber to the World From its Center of Diversity and the Formation of Market Groups 90V. Types of Cucumbers: Fresh Market vs Processing 92VI. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Cucumber Collection 94VII. Genetic Basis of Domestication-Related Traits in Cucumbers 96VIII. Chromosome Evolution, Domestication, and Genetic Diversity: Implications for Cucumber Breeding 1015 Freelance Plant Breeding 113Carol S. DeppeI. Introduction 115II. Evolution of a Freelance Plant Breeder 116III. Who and Where 119IV. How Freelancers Learn the Plant Breeding Trade 130V. Why—Motivations and Values 136VI. Crops 139VII. Goals 146VIII. Methods 151IX. Sources of Germplasm 161X. Economics of Freelance Plant Breeding 164XI. Freelance Plant Breeding That Doesn't Fit Commercial Models 174XII. Open Source Seed Initiative and Freelance Plant Breeding 176XIII. Future Prospects 1806 Meadowfoam Breeding 187Jennifer G. KlingI. Introduction 189II. Botany and Taxonomy of Limnanthes 190III. Meadowfoam Breeding Organizations 195IV. Seed Production Requirements 197V. Greenhouse and Field Plot Techniques 201VI. Selection Methods 206VII. Breeding Populations and Molecular Resources 216VIII. Meadowfoam Seed Oil 222IX. Biotic Constraints 225X. Glucosinolates and Other Seed Meal Components 230XI. Meadowfoam in Cropping Systems 234XII. Conclusions and Future Directions 2357 Reconsidering Approaches to Selection in Winter Squash Improvement: Improved Quality and Breeding Efficiency 247Michael Mazourek, Christopher Hernandez, and Jack FabrizioI. Introduction 249II. Genomic Resources for Winter Squash Improvement 251III. Insight into Winter Squash Metabolism Related to Fruit Quality 253IV. Winter Squash Quality Phenotyping 258V. Squash Breeding Schemes 260VI. Applying Genomic Selection in Cucurbita 264VII. Conclusion 2688 Development of the Arcti Apple 273Evan Stowe and Amit DhingraI. Introduction 274II. Genetic Engineering of Apple 275III. Development and Evaluation of the Arctic Apple 280Literature Cited 292Author Index 297Subject Index 305

Irwin Goldman, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.

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• Contributors ix1 Salvatore Ceccarelli: Plant Breeder, Mentor, and Farmers' Friend 1Stefania GrandoI. Biographical Sketch and Background 2II. Research 6III. The Man 17IV. The Mentor and Inspirer 19V. The Innovator 20VI. The Supporter of National Programs 21VII. The Advocate of Farmers 212 Maize Cross Incompatibility and the Promiscuous Ga1-m Allele 31Major M. Goodman, Zachary G. Jones, G. Jesus Sanchez, and Jerry L. KermicleI. Historical Background 33II. Ga1 (Gametophyte-Factor 1), Ga2 (Gametophyte-Factor 2), and Tcb1 (Teosinte-Crossing-Barrier 1) 34III. Ga1-m (Gametophyte-Factor 1-Male) 35IV. Locus Composition 35V. Gametophytic Selective Advantage 36VI. Silk Reactions 36VII. Mapping Gametophytic Loci 38VIII. Geographical Distribution of Ga1 Alleles 38IX. Distribution of Ga1 Alleles in Commercial Materials 41X. Teosinte and Maize 41XI. Popcorn and Organic Isolations 43XII. Exceptionally Strong Cross-Incompatible Sources Within Maize 44XIII. Caution Concerning Use of Ga1-m 45XIV. Genetic Modifiers 46XV. Molecular Characterizations 47XVI. Recent Conclusions 47XVII. Practical Use of Pollen-Blockers 47XVIII. Future Prospects 503 Development of the Genetically Modified Innate Potato 57Craig M. RichaelI. Introduction 58II. Innate Generation 1 Potato Varieties 65III. Innate Generation 2 Potato Varieties 71IV. Future Innate Potato Varieties 74V. Conclusions 754 Cucumis sativus Chromosome Evolution, Domestication, and Genetic Diversity: Implications for Cucumber Breeding 79Yiqun WengI. Introduction 81II. Chromosome Evolution in the Making of Cucumber 83III. Chromosome Evolution During Cucumber Domestication 86IV. Diffusion of Cucumber to the World From its Center of Diversity and the Formation of Market Groups 90V. Types of Cucumbers: Fresh Market vs Processing 92VI. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Cucumber Collection 94VII. Genetic Basis of Domestication-Related Traits in Cucumbers 96VIII. Chromosome Evolution, Domestication, and Genetic Diversity: Implications for Cucumber Breeding 1015 Freelance Plant Breeding 113Carol S. DeppeI. Introduction 115II. Evolution of a Freelance Plant Breeder 116III. Who and Where 119IV. How Freelancers Learn the Plant Breeding Trade 130V. Why—Motivations and Values 136VI. Crops 139VII. Goals 146VIII. Methods 151IX. Sources of Germplasm 161X. Economics of Freelance Plant Breeding 164XI. Freelance Plant Breeding That Doesn't Fit Commercial Models 174XII. Open Source Seed Initiative and Freelance Plant Breeding 176XIII. Future Prospects 1806 Meadowfoam Breeding 187Jennifer G. KlingI. Introduction 189II. Botany and Taxonomy of Limnanthes 190III. Meadowfoam Breeding Organizations 195IV. Seed Production Requirements 197V. Greenhouse and Field Plot Techniques 201VI. Selection Methods 206VII. Breeding Populations and Molecular Resources 216VIII. Meadowfoam Seed Oil 222IX. Biotic Constraints 225X. Glucosinolates and Other Seed Meal Components 230XI. Meadowfoam in Cropping Systems 234XII. Conclusions and Future Directions 2357 Reconsidering Approaches to Selection in Winter Squash Improvement: Improved Quality and Breeding Efficiency 247Michael Mazourek, Christopher Hernandez, and Jack FabrizioI. Introduction 249II. Genomic Resources for Winter Squash Improvement 251III. Insight into Winter Squash Metabolism Related to Fruit Quality 253IV. Winter Squash Quality Phenotyping 258V. Squash Breeding Schemes 260VI. Applying Genomic Selection in Cucurbita 264VII. Conclusion 2688 Development of the Arcti Apple 273Evan Stowe and Amit DhingraI. Introduction 274II. Genetic Engineering of Apple 275III. Development and Evaluation of the Arctic Apple 280Literature Cited 292Author Index 297Subject Index 305

Irwin Goldman, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.

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• Contributors ix1 Salvatore Ceccarelli: Plant Breeder, Mentor, and Farmers' Friend 1Stefania GrandoI. Biographical Sketch and Background 2II. Research 6III. The Man 17IV. The Mentor and Inspirer 19V. The Innovator 20VI. The Supporter of National Programs 21VII. The Advocate of Farmers 212 Maize Cross Incompatibility and the Promiscuous Ga1-m Allele 31Major M. Goodman, Zachary G. Jones, G. Jesus Sanchez, and Jerry L. KermicleI. Historical Background 33II. Ga1 (Gametophyte-Factor 1), Ga2 (Gametophyte-Factor 2), and Tcb1 (Teosinte-Crossing-Barrier 1) 34III. Ga1-m (Gametophyte-Factor 1-Male) 35IV. Locus Composition 35V. Gametophytic Selective Advantage 36VI. Silk Reactions 36VII. Mapping Gametophytic Loci 38VIII. Geographical Distribution of Ga1 Alleles 38IX. Distribution of Ga1 Alleles in Commercial Materials 41X. Teosinte and Maize 41XI. Popcorn and Organic Isolations 43XII. Exceptionally Strong Cross-Incompatible Sources Within Maize 44XIII. Caution Concerning Use of Ga1-m 45XIV. Genetic Modifiers 46XV. Molecular Characterizations 47XVI. Recent Conclusions 47XVII. Practical Use of Pollen-Blockers 47XVIII. Future Prospects 503 Development of the Genetically Modified Innate Potato 57Craig M. RichaelI. Introduction 58II. Innate Generation 1 Potato Varieties 65III. Innate Generation 2 Potato Varieties 71IV. Future Innate Potato Varieties 74V. Conclusions 754 Cucumis sativus Chromosome Evolution, Domestication, and Genetic Diversity: Implications for Cucumber Breeding 79Yiqun WengI. Introduction 81II. Chromosome Evolution in the Making of Cucumber 83III. Chromosome Evolution During Cucumber Domestication 86IV. Diffusion of Cucumber to the World From its Center of Diversity and the Formation of Market Groups 90V. Types of Cucumbers: Fresh Market vs Processing 92VI. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Cucumber Collection 94VII. Genetic Basis of Domestication-Related Traits in Cucumbers 96VIII. Chromosome Evolution, Domestication, and Genetic Diversity: Implications for Cucumber Breeding 1015 Freelance Plant Breeding 113Carol S. DeppeI. Introduction 115II. Evolution of a Freelance Plant Breeder 116III. Who and Where 119IV. How Freelancers Learn the Plant Breeding Trade 130V. Why—Motivations and Values 136VI. Crops 139VII. Goals 146VIII. Methods 151IX. Sources of Germplasm 161X. Economics of Freelance Plant Breeding 164XI. Freelance Plant Breeding That Doesn't Fit Commercial Models 174XII. Open Source Seed Initiative and Freelance Plant Breeding 176XIII. Future Prospects 1806 Meadowfoam Breeding 187Jennifer G. KlingI. Introduction 189II. Botany and Taxonomy of Limnanthes 190III. Meadowfoam Breeding Organizations 195IV. Seed Production Requirements 197V. Greenhouse and Field Plot Techniques 201VI. Selection Methods 206VII. Breeding Populations and Molecular Resources 216VIII. Meadowfoam Seed Oil 222IX. Biotic Constraints 225X. Glucosinolates and Other Seed Meal Components 230XI. Meadowfoam in Cropping Systems 234XII. Conclusions and Future Directions 2357 Reconsidering Approaches to Selection in Winter Squash Improvement: Improved Quality and Breeding Efficiency 247Michael Mazourek, Christopher Hernandez, and Jack FabrizioI. Introduction 249II. Genomic Resources for Winter Squash Improvement 251III. Insight into Winter Squash Metabolism Related to Fruit Quality 253IV. Winter Squash Quality Phenotyping 258V. Squash Breeding Schemes 260VI. Applying Genomic Selection in Cucurbita 264VII. Conclusion 2688 Development of the Arcti Apple 273Evan Stowe and Amit DhingraI. Introduction 274II. Genetic Engineering of Apple 275III. Development and Evaluation of the Arctic Apple 280Literature Cited 292Author Index 297Subject Index 305