Professor Ian James Warrington CNZM is a Palmerston North horticultural scientist and science administrator. He was former chief executive of HortResearch (now Plant & Food Research). He was a senior administrator at Massey University until his position was axed in a cost-saving move. He received the T. K. Sidey Medal in 1984, an award set up by the Royal Society of New Zealand for outstanding scientific research. He was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit (CNZM) in the 2011 New Year Honours.

• Contributors ixDedication: Gregory L. Reighard xiiiJuan Carlos Melgar, Ksenija Gasic and Ian Warrington1. Pollination-Induced Changes in the Morphology and Physiology of Dendrobium Orchid Flowers Prior toFertilization: The Roles of Ethylene and Auxin 1Wouter G. van Doorn and Saichol KetsaI. Introduction 2II. Orchid Flower Structure 3III. Post-Pollination Effects in Orchids other than Dendrobium 5IV. Role of Hormones in Orchids other than Dendrobium 6V. Pollination in Dendrobium 8VI. Visible Post-Pollination Effects in Dendrobium 13VII. Role of Hormones in the Visible Post-Pollination Phenomena in Dendrobium 21VIII. Conclusions 31Acknowledgment 31Literature Cited 322. Actinidia arguta (Kiwiberry): Botany, Production, Genetics, Nutritional Value, and Postharvest Handling 37Piotr Latocha, Filip Debersaques and Iago HaleI. Introduction 39II. Botany 41III. Cultivation and Management 54IV Genetics and Breeding 84V. Chemical Composition, Nutritional Value, and Health Benefits 105VI. Harvesting and Postharvest Handling 119VII. Utilization 128VIII. Conclusions 131Literature Cited 1333. Advances in Cassava-Based Multiple-Cropping Systems 153V. Ravi, G. Suja, R. Saravanan and Sanket J. MoreI. Introduction 156II. Intercropping Cassava 170III. Crop Rotation Involving Cassava 206IV. Cassava-Based Sequential/Intercropping Systems Involving Pulses and/or Rice 208V. Cassava + Plantation Crops 209VI. Pests and Diseases in Cassava-Based Intercropping 212VII. Conclusions and Future Prospects 214Literature Cited 2194. Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.): Botany, Horticulture, and Uses 233Vitor Brito, Renata Nascimento, Jeniffer Narcisa-Oliveira, Nathalia Joffer, André Fattori, Marney Cereda, Carina Oliveira, Reginaldo Costa, Lorene Tiburtino-Silva and Josemar MacielI. Introduction 234II. Occurrence and Distribution 236III. Botany: Taxonomy, Morphology, and Genetics 238IV. Horticultural Aspects 248V. Processing 252VI. Uses and Applications 253VII. Conclusions 264Acknowledgment 264Literature Cited 2655. Jamun (Syzygium cumini L. Skeels): A Promising Fruit for the Future 275Babak Madani, Amin Mirshekari, Elhadi M. Yahia, John B. Golding, Shokrollah Hajivand and Abdolmajid Mirzaalian DastjerdyI. Introduction 276II. Economic Significance 277III. Botany, Taxonomy, and Genetics 278IV. Cultivation Practices 281V. Nutritional Value 286VI. Health-Promoting Effects 289VII. Postharvest Practices 290VIII. Processing 297IX. Conclusions 299Literature Cited 3006. Coconut Micropropagation and Cryopreservation 307Ana S. Lédo and Wagner A. VendrameI. Introduction 309II. In Vitro Propagation Technology 311III. Bioreactor Technology 320IV. Cryopreservation 322V. Summary and Conclusions 330Literature Cited 337. The Puzzling Phenomenon of Seedling Yellows Recovery and Natural Spread of Asymptomatic Infections of Citrus Tristeza Virus: Two Sides of the Same Coin 339Moshe Bar-Joseph, Antonino F. Catara and Grazia LicciardelloI. Introduction 341II. The CTV Genome and Biology 341III. A Short Account of the Israeli CTV Suppression Program (1970–1986) 343IV. Comparisons of Severe and Mild CTV-VT Isolates From Sicily 347V. Discussion 352Acknowledgments 356Literature Cited 3578. Yield Alternation: Horticulture, Physiology, Molecular Biology, and Evolution 363Eliezer E. Goldschmidt and Avi SadkaI. Introduction 365II. Molecular Mechanisms of Flowering Control in Model Plants and Fruit Trees 366III. Effect of Fruit Load on Changes in Gene Expression, Protein, and Metabolite Levels in Leaves and Buds 377IV. The Effect of Fruit Load on Hormone Homeostasis 381V. Mitigation of Alternate Bearing 385VI. Discussion 393Acknowledgment 402Literature Cited 402Subject Index 419Cumulative Subject Index 421Cumulative Contributor Index 455

Professor Ian James Warrington CNZM is a Palmerston North horticultural scientist and science administrator. He was former chief executive of HortResearch (now Plant & Food Research). He was a senior administrator at Massey University until his position was axed in a cost-saving move. He received the T. K. Sidey Medal in 1984, an award set up by the Royal Society of New Zealand for outstanding scientific research. He was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit (CNZM) in the 2011 New Year Honours.

• Contributors ixDedication: Gregory L. Reighard xiiiJuan Carlos Melgar, Ksenija Gasic and Ian Warrington1. Pollination-Induced Changes in the Morphology and Physiology of Dendrobium Orchid Flowers Prior toFertilization: The Roles of Ethylene and Auxin 1Wouter G. van Doorn and Saichol KetsaI. Introduction 2II. Orchid Flower Structure 3III. Post-Pollination Effects in Orchids other than Dendrobium 5IV. Role of Hormones in Orchids other than Dendrobium 6V. Pollination in Dendrobium 8VI. Visible Post-Pollination Effects in Dendrobium 13VII. Role of Hormones in the Visible Post-Pollination Phenomena in Dendrobium 21VIII. Conclusions 31Acknowledgment 31Literature Cited 322. Actinidia arguta (Kiwiberry): Botany, Production, Genetics, Nutritional Value, and Postharvest Handling 37Piotr Latocha, Filip Debersaques and Iago HaleI. Introduction 39II. Botany 41III. Cultivation and Management 54IV Genetics and Breeding 84V. Chemical Composition, Nutritional Value, and Health Benefits 105VI. Harvesting and Postharvest Handling 119VII. Utilization 128VIII. Conclusions 131Literature Cited 1333. Advances in Cassava-Based Multiple-Cropping Systems 153V. Ravi, G. Suja, R. Saravanan and Sanket J. MoreI. Introduction 156II. Intercropping Cassava 170III. Crop Rotation Involving Cassava 206IV. Cassava-Based Sequential/Intercropping Systems Involving Pulses and/or Rice 208V. Cassava + Plantation Crops 209VI. Pests and Diseases in Cassava-Based Intercropping 212VII. Conclusions and Future Prospects 214Literature Cited 2194. Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.): Botany, Horticulture, and Uses 233Vitor Brito, Renata Nascimento, Jeniffer Narcisa-Oliveira, Nathalia Joffer, André Fattori, Marney Cereda, Carina Oliveira, Reginaldo Costa, Lorene Tiburtino-Silva and Josemar MacielI. Introduction 234II. Occurrence and Distribution 236III. Botany: Taxonomy, Morphology, and Genetics 238IV. Horticultural Aspects 248V. Processing 252VI. Uses and Applications 253VII. Conclusions 264Acknowledgment 264Literature Cited 2655. Jamun (Syzygium cumini L. Skeels): A Promising Fruit for the Future 275Babak Madani, Amin Mirshekari, Elhadi M. Yahia, John B. Golding, Shokrollah Hajivand and Abdolmajid Mirzaalian DastjerdyI. Introduction 276II. Economic Significance 277III. Botany, Taxonomy, and Genetics 278IV. Cultivation Practices 281V. Nutritional Value 286VI. Health-Promoting Effects 289VII. Postharvest Practices 290VIII. Processing 297IX. Conclusions 299Literature Cited 3006. Coconut Micropropagation and Cryopreservation 307Ana S. Lédo and Wagner A. VendrameI. Introduction 309II. In Vitro Propagation Technology 311III. Bioreactor Technology 320IV. Cryopreservation 322V. Summary and Conclusions 330Literature Cited 337. The Puzzling Phenomenon of Seedling Yellows Recovery and Natural Spread of Asymptomatic Infections of Citrus Tristeza Virus: Two Sides of the Same Coin 339Moshe Bar-Joseph, Antonino F. Catara and Grazia LicciardelloI. Introduction 341II. The CTV Genome and Biology 341III. A Short Account of the Israeli CTV Suppression Program (1970–1986) 343IV. Comparisons of Severe and Mild CTV-VT Isolates From Sicily 347V. Discussion 352Acknowledgments 356Literature Cited 3578. Yield Alternation: Horticulture, Physiology, Molecular Biology, and Evolution 363Eliezer E. Goldschmidt and Avi SadkaI. Introduction 365II. Molecular Mechanisms of Flowering Control in Model Plants and Fruit Trees 366III. Effect of Fruit Load on Changes in Gene Expression, Protein, and Metabolite Levels in Leaves and Buds 377IV. The Effect of Fruit Load on Hormone Homeostasis 381V. Mitigation of Alternate Bearing 385VI. Discussion 393Acknowledgment 402Literature Cited 402Subject Index 419Cumulative Subject Index 421Cumulative Contributor Index 455