Saura C. Sahu, PhD, is a former Research Chemist with the Division of Toxicology at the Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition at the United States Food and Drug Administration.

• Dedication ixPreface xiAcknowledgements xiiiList of Contributors xv1 Genomic and Epigenomic Biomarkers for Predictive Toxicity and Disease 1Saura C. Sahu2 MicroRNAs as Non-invasive Biomarkers of Toxicity and Chemical Hazard: Genomic and Epigenomic Biomarkers of Toxicology and Disease 7Gail M. Nelson and Brian N. Chorley3 EV (Extracellular Vesicle)-associated miRNAs as Biomarkers of Toxicity 37Ryuichi Ono, Yusuke Yoshioka, Yusuke Furukawa, Mie Naruse, Makiko Kuwagata, Takahiro Ochiya, Satoshi Kitajima, and Yoko Hirabayashi4 Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers of Toxic Heavy Metal Exposure 63Alexandra N. Nail, Ana P. Ferragut Cardoso, Mayukh Banerjee, and J. Christopher States5 MicroRNA Biomarkers of Malignant Mesothelioma 89Lijin Zhu, Fangfang Zhang, Min Zhang, Hailing Xia, Xiuyuan Yuan, and Yanan Gao6 Role of Non-coding RNAs in Innate Immune Responses Perturbed by Environmental Arsenic Exposure 101Liz Saavedra Perez and Benjamin L. King7 Transcriptomics: Applications in Toxicology and Medicine 133Pius Joseph Copyrighted Material8 Network Biology for Biomarker Discovery and Therapy in Cancer 163Asim Bikas Das9 Epigenetic Biomarkers: Link to Maternal Exposure and Offspring Health Outcomes 185Jairus Pulczinski, Moira Mccormick, Yuchen Sun, Musa Watfa, Robert YS Cheng, and Wan-Yee Tang10 The Role of Dynamic Epigenetic Changes in Modulating Homeostasis after Exposure to Low-dose Environmental Chemicals 213Chongli Yuan, Jennifer L. Freeman, Junkai Xie, and Han Zhao11 Emerging Non-invasive Molecular Biomarkers for Early Cancer Detection 229Jacob Sobota, Yingxue Zhang, Eid Alshammari,and Zhe Yang12 Aberrant DNA Methylation of Tumor Suppressor Genes and Oncogenes as Cancer Biomarkers 251Eid Alshammari, Yingxue Zhang, Jacob Sobota, and Zhe Yang13 SMYD Protein Family as Promising Biomarkers for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis 273Yingxue Zhang, Eid Alshammari, Jacob Sobota, and Zhe Yang14 Toward Precision Medicine: Epigenetic Alterations in Human Melanoma 309Carmen Elena Condrat, Elena Codruta Dobrica, Sanda Maria Cretoiu, and Dragos Cretoiu15 Currents Trends and Future Perspectives in Our Epigenetic Signatures: What a Diet Can Trigger 333Elena-Codruța Dobrică, Mihnea-Alexandru Găman, Matei-Alexandru Cozma, and Sanda Maria Cretoiu16 Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers of Organophosphate Compounds, Dialkyl Phosphate Exposure, and Their Relation to Biological Effects 363David S. Hernández-Toledano and Libia Vega17 Genetic, Epigenetic, and Anatomical Factors in Agenesis and Development of Female Reproductive Tract 383Tadaaki Nakajima, Tomomi Sato, and Taisen Iguchi18 Cause or Consequence: Epigenomic DNA Methylation Changes in Arsenic- Mediated in Vitro Transformation of Human Prostate Cells 395B. Alex Merrick, Dhiral P. Phadke, Ruchir R. Shah, Deepak Mav, and Erik J. Tokar19 Epigenetic Regulation of Sex Determination and Toxicity in Nonmammalian Vertebrates 415Genki Yamagishi, Taisen Iguchi, and Shinichi Miyagawa20 Characterization of Genomic and Epigenomic Biomarkers of Nanoparticle Toxicity Using the Zebrafish Model System 449Athira Sairanthry Suku, Parayanthala Valappil Mohanan, and Jennifer L. FreemanIndex 477

Saura C. Sahu, PhD, is a former Research Chemist with the Division of Toxicology at the Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition at the United States Food and Drug Administration.

• Dedication ixPreface xiAcknowledgements xiiiList of Contributors xv1 Genomic and Epigenomic Biomarkers for Predictive Toxicity and Disease 1Saura C. Sahu2 MicroRNAs as Non-invasive Biomarkers of Toxicity and Chemical Hazard: Genomic and Epigenomic Biomarkers of Toxicology and Disease 7Gail M. Nelson and Brian N. Chorley3 EV (Extracellular Vesicle)-associated miRNAs as Biomarkers of Toxicity 37Ryuichi Ono, Yusuke Yoshioka, Yusuke Furukawa, Mie Naruse, Makiko Kuwagata, Takahiro Ochiya, Satoshi Kitajima, and Yoko Hirabayashi4 Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers of Toxic Heavy Metal Exposure 63Alexandra N. Nail, Ana P. Ferragut Cardoso, Mayukh Banerjee, and J. Christopher States5 MicroRNA Biomarkers of Malignant Mesothelioma 89Lijin Zhu, Fangfang Zhang, Min Zhang, Hailing Xia, Xiuyuan Yuan, and Yanan Gao6 Role of Non-coding RNAs in Innate Immune Responses Perturbed by Environmental Arsenic Exposure 101Liz Saavedra Perez and Benjamin L. King7 Transcriptomics: Applications in Toxicology and Medicine 133Pius Joseph Copyrighted Material8 Network Biology for Biomarker Discovery and Therapy in Cancer 163Asim Bikas Das9 Epigenetic Biomarkers: Link to Maternal Exposure and Offspring Health Outcomes 185Jairus Pulczinski, Moira Mccormick, Yuchen Sun, Musa Watfa, Robert YS Cheng, and Wan-Yee Tang10 The Role of Dynamic Epigenetic Changes in Modulating Homeostasis after Exposure to Low-dose Environmental Chemicals 213Chongli Yuan, Jennifer L. Freeman, Junkai Xie, and Han Zhao11 Emerging Non-invasive Molecular Biomarkers for Early Cancer Detection 229Jacob Sobota, Yingxue Zhang, Eid Alshammari,and Zhe Yang12 Aberrant DNA Methylation of Tumor Suppressor Genes and Oncogenes as Cancer Biomarkers 251Eid Alshammari, Yingxue Zhang, Jacob Sobota, and Zhe Yang13 SMYD Protein Family as Promising Biomarkers for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis 273Yingxue Zhang, Eid Alshammari, Jacob Sobota, and Zhe Yang14 Toward Precision Medicine: Epigenetic Alterations in Human Melanoma 309Carmen Elena Condrat, Elena Codruta Dobrica, Sanda Maria Cretoiu, and Dragos Cretoiu15 Currents Trends and Future Perspectives in Our Epigenetic Signatures: What a Diet Can Trigger 333Elena-Codruța Dobrică, Mihnea-Alexandru Găman, Matei-Alexandru Cozma, and Sanda Maria Cretoiu16 Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers of Organophosphate Compounds, Dialkyl Phosphate Exposure, and Their Relation to Biological Effects 363David S. Hernández-Toledano and Libia Vega17 Genetic, Epigenetic, and Anatomical Factors in Agenesis and Development of Female Reproductive Tract 383Tadaaki Nakajima, Tomomi Sato, and Taisen Iguchi18 Cause or Consequence: Epigenomic DNA Methylation Changes in Arsenic- Mediated in Vitro Transformation of Human Prostate Cells 395B. Alex Merrick, Dhiral P. Phadke, Ruchir R. Shah, Deepak Mav, and Erik J. Tokar19 Epigenetic Regulation of Sex Determination and Toxicity in Nonmammalian Vertebrates 415Genki Yamagishi, Taisen Iguchi, and Shinichi Miyagawa20 Characterization of Genomic and Epigenomic Biomarkers of Nanoparticle Toxicity Using the Zebrafish Model System 449Athira Sairanthry Suku, Parayanthala Valappil Mohanan, and Jennifer L. FreemanIndex 477

Saura C. Sahu, PhD, is a former Research Chemist with the Division of Toxicology at the Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition at the United States Food and Drug Administration.

• Dedication ixPreface xiAcknowledgements xiiiList of Contributors xv1 Genomic and Epigenomic Biomarkers for Predictive Toxicity and Disease 1Saura C. Sahu2 MicroRNAs as Non-invasive Biomarkers of Toxicity and Chemical Hazard: Genomic and Epigenomic Biomarkers of Toxicology and Disease 7Gail M. Nelson and Brian N. Chorley3 EV (Extracellular Vesicle)-associated miRNAs as Biomarkers of Toxicity 37Ryuichi Ono, Yusuke Yoshioka, Yusuke Furukawa, Mie Naruse, Makiko Kuwagata, Takahiro Ochiya, Satoshi Kitajima, and Yoko Hirabayashi4 Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers of Toxic Heavy Metal Exposure 63Alexandra N. Nail, Ana P. Ferragut Cardoso, Mayukh Banerjee, and J. Christopher States5 MicroRNA Biomarkers of Malignant Mesothelioma 89Lijin Zhu, Fangfang Zhang, Min Zhang, Hailing Xia, Xiuyuan Yuan, and Yanan Gao6 Role of Non-coding RNAs in Innate Immune Responses Perturbed by Environmental Arsenic Exposure 101Liz Saavedra Perez and Benjamin L. King7 Transcriptomics: Applications in Toxicology and Medicine 133Pius Joseph Copyrighted Material8 Network Biology for Biomarker Discovery and Therapy in Cancer 163Asim Bikas Das9 Epigenetic Biomarkers: Link to Maternal Exposure and Offspring Health Outcomes 185Jairus Pulczinski, Moira Mccormick, Yuchen Sun, Musa Watfa, Robert YS Cheng, and Wan-Yee Tang10 The Role of Dynamic Epigenetic Changes in Modulating Homeostasis after Exposure to Low-dose Environmental Chemicals 213Chongli Yuan, Jennifer L. Freeman, Junkai Xie, and Han Zhao11 Emerging Non-invasive Molecular Biomarkers for Early Cancer Detection 229Jacob Sobota, Yingxue Zhang, Eid Alshammari,and Zhe Yang12 Aberrant DNA Methylation of Tumor Suppressor Genes and Oncogenes as Cancer Biomarkers 251Eid Alshammari, Yingxue Zhang, Jacob Sobota, and Zhe Yang13 SMYD Protein Family as Promising Biomarkers for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis 273Yingxue Zhang, Eid Alshammari, Jacob Sobota, and Zhe Yang14 Toward Precision Medicine: Epigenetic Alterations in Human Melanoma 309Carmen Elena Condrat, Elena Codruta Dobrica, Sanda Maria Cretoiu, and Dragos Cretoiu15 Currents Trends and Future Perspectives in Our Epigenetic Signatures: What a Diet Can Trigger 333Elena-Codruța Dobrică, Mihnea-Alexandru Găman, Matei-Alexandru Cozma, and Sanda Maria Cretoiu16 Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers of Organophosphate Compounds, Dialkyl Phosphate Exposure, and Their Relation to Biological Effects 363David S. Hernández-Toledano and Libia Vega17 Genetic, Epigenetic, and Anatomical Factors in Agenesis and Development of Female Reproductive Tract 383Tadaaki Nakajima, Tomomi Sato, and Taisen Iguchi18 Cause or Consequence: Epigenomic DNA Methylation Changes in Arsenic- Mediated in Vitro Transformation of Human Prostate Cells 395B. Alex Merrick, Dhiral P. Phadke, Ruchir R. Shah, Deepak Mav, and Erik J. Tokar19 Epigenetic Regulation of Sex Determination and Toxicity in Nonmammalian Vertebrates 415Genki Yamagishi, Taisen Iguchi, and Shinichi Miyagawa20 Characterization of Genomic and Epigenomic Biomarkers of Nanoparticle Toxicity Using the Zebrafish Model System 449Athira Sairanthry Suku, Parayanthala Valappil Mohanan, and Jennifer L. FreemanIndex 477