Designing with Light

Jason Livingston is Principal at Studio T+L, a leading lighting design firm based in New York City. He is Co-Chair of the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) Color Committee, Adjunct Faculty at the New York School of Interior Design, Assistant Professor at Parsons School of Design at The New School Open Campus, and Visiting Associate Professor at the Pratt Institute. His areas of expertise include interior lighting design, theatrical lighting design, color, and lighting education.

• Preface to the Second Edition  xiiiPreface to the First Edition  xvAcknowledgments  xviiAbout the Author xixChapter 1: The Lighting Design Profession  1The Lighting Designer’s Scope of Practice  2Professional Lighting Design Credentials  5Digital Resources  7References  7Chapter 2: The Design Process and Lighting Design  9What Is Lighting Design? 9Phases of the Architectural Design Process  10Beginning the Lighting Design  14A Lighting Design Process 15Digital Resources  17References  17Chapter 3: Designing with Light  19Thinking About Light  19Thinking About Luminaires  24Thinking About Lighting Architecture  27Thinking About Variety and Contrast  29Thinking About Everything – Layers of Light  30Communicating Design Ideas  31Approaches to the Lighting Design Process 36Additional Considerations  50Digital Resources  50References  51Chapter 4: What Is Light?  53Light Is Illumination 53Light Is Rays of Vision  54Light Is a Material  54Light Is Rays  55Light Is Colored Rays 55Light Is Waves 56Light Is Particles  56Light Is Waves, Again  57Light Is Waves and Particles, aka Quanta 59Light Is Art  60Light Is a Tool  61Digital Resources  62References  62Chapter 5: How We See  63From Light Source to Vision  63The Eye 64How We See Color  68Visual Performance  71Digital Resources  74References  74Chapter 6: Light and Perception  77Perception  77Impressions 78Lighting, Architecture, and Impressions 79Light and Behavior  86Digital Resources  86References  87Chapter 7: Distribution of Light  89Interaction of Light and Materials  89Types of Distribution 96Other Distribution Issues 98Digital Resources  101References  102Chapter 8: Light Sources and Lamps 103Light Sources  103Lamp Shapes  115Lamp Sizes  118Lamp Bases 120Beam Angle and Field Angle 122Describing a Lamp  124Selecting a Light Source  126Lamp Information for Consumers  127Digital Resources  128References and Suggested Readings  128Chapter 9: The Science of Color in Light 131Why Understand the Science of Color?  131The Special Nature of Vision  131Colorimetry 132Standard Observers 132Chromaticity Diagrams  135Colors of White Light  139How Do We Define White Light?  144Chromaticity Differences 146Color Rendering  149Light Source Color Characteristics 163Other Issues in Color 164Chromatic Light  169Additive and Subtractive Color Mixing  171Digital Resources  174References and Suggested Readings  174Chapter 10: Designing with Color in Light  177Selecting Color Temperature 177Tunable Lighting  180Using TM- 30 188Using Colored Light  193Color and Meaning 196Color and Environment  197Sources of Colored Light 204Digital Resources  207References  208Chapter 11: Lighting Fixtures or Luminaires 209Luminaire Components 210Common Luminaire Types 213Mounting Conditions  223Outdoor Luminaires  224Luminaire Consideration Summary  226Reading Manufacturer’s Literature  226Modifying Luminaires  230Custom Luminaires  230Luminaire Sales and Information  230Digital Resources  235References  236Chapter 12: Lighting Techniques and Details 237Wall Washing  237Wall Grazing 240Accent Lighting 241Cove Lighting  242Scallops  243Luminous Ceilings 245Under- Shelf Lighting  246Digital Resources  248References  249Chapter 13: Daylighting  251The Benefits of Daylighting  251Planning for Daylighting  252Code Requirements  253Solar Angles  253Building Orientation  254Glazing 255Designing Daylighting 256Shading Strategies  261Digital Resources  262References  263Chapter 14: Lighting Controls  265Electricity and Electrical Engineering  265Why Do We Need Controls?  268Basic Controls  269Control Protocols  272Other Control System Components 279Control Systems  280Commissioning Control Systems  285Digital Resources  286References  287Chapter 15: Photometrics and Calculations  289Terms Describing Brightness  289Units for Measuring Light  290How Much Light Is Required?  291Illuminance Calculations  292Glare Calculations 308Flicker Calculations  309Digital Resources  310References and Suggested Readings  311Chapter 16: Documenting the Design 313Reflected Ceiling Plan or Lighting Plan  313Luminaire Designations 320Developing the RCP  320Luminaire Cut Sheets  331Luminaire or Fixture Schedule  333Specifications  336Documenting Controls  338Load Calculations  341Digital Resources  343References  344Chapter 17: Building and Energy Codes  345Model Codes  346Model Building Codes 347Model Energy Codes 348Verifying Energy Code Compliance  350Digital Resources  351References  352Chapter 18: Sustainability  353Voluntary Programs  354Qualified Products Lists 357What Else Can We Do? 358Assessing Sustainability 361Digital Resources  362References and Suggested Readings  363Chapter 19: Light and Health  365Biological Rhythms  365Measuring Circadian Entrainment Effectiveness 367Other Health Uses for Light 368Light Deficiency and Light Therapy  370Full- Spectrum Lighting  371Harmful Effects of Light  372Light and the Aging Eye  372WELL Building Standard  373Digital Resources  374References  374Chapter 20: Lighting Economics  377Initial Cost  377Simple Payback 378Life- Cycle Cost Analysis 379Additional Value Considerations  381Digital Resources  381References  382Appendix: Lighting Design–Related Professional Organizations  383Glossary  385Index  401