Slow-wave Microwave and mm-wave Passive Circuits

Philippe Ferrari, Professor of Electrical Engineering, University Grenoble Alpes, France and senior member of the IEEE. Anne-Laure Franc, Assistant Professor with the University of Toulouse, France. Marc Margalef-Rovira, Research Engineer at STMicroelectronics, France. Gustavo P. Rehder, Associate Professor, Department of Electronic Systems at the Laboratory of Microelectronics, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Ariana Lacorte Caniato Serrano, Associate Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering, Department of Electronic Systems, University of São Paulo, Brazil.

• List of Contributors viiPreface ixAcronyms xi1 Background Theory and Concepts 1Philippe Ferrari, Marc Margalef-Rovira, and Gustavo P. Rehder1.1 Historical Background 11.2 The Slow-Wave Concept 31.3 Modern Slow-Wave Transmission Lines Brief Description 71.3.1 Slow-Wave Coplanar Waveguide 71.3.2 Slow-Wave Microstrip (S-MS) 81.3.3 Slow-Wave Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SW-SIW) 81.4 Motivations for the Development of Modern Slow-Wave Transmission Lines 91.4.1 Improvement of Transmission Lines Performance in Integrated Technologies 101.4.2 Reduction of the Transmission Lines and SIWs Length 161.4.3 Addition of New Degrees of Freedom in the Development of Coupled-Lines and 3D Transmission Lines 16References 172 Slow-Wave Coplanar Waveguides and Slow-Wave Coplanar Striplines 21Anne-Laure Franc, Leonardo Gomes, Marc Margalef-Rovira, and Abdelhalim Saadi2.1 Introduction – Chapter Organization 212.2 Principle of Slow-Wave CPW and Slow-Wave CPS 222.2.1 Slow-Wave Coplanar Waveguides Topology 222.2.2 Slow-Wave Coplanar Striplines Topology 242.2.3 Figures of Merit 242.3 Slow-Wave Coplanar Waveguides 252.3.1 Electrical Performance 252.3.1.1 CPW Strips Dimensions 262.3.1.2 Shield Dimensions 282.3.1.3 Metal Strips’ Thickness 292.3.2 Electrical Model 302.3.2.1 Model Components 312.3.2.2 Model Component Calculations 332.3.2.3 Losses Distribution 352.3.2.4 Dispersion: Floating Shield Equivalent Inductance 372.3.3 Benchmark With Conventional Transmission Lines 382.3.3.1 Comparison of Electrical Performance 382.3.3.2 Trade-off Between Surface Area and Electrical Performance 402.4 Slow-Wave Coplanar Striplines 412.4.1 Electrical Performance 412.4.2 Electrical Model 432.4.3 Design 442.4.3.1 Design Rules 442.4.3.2 Design Flexibility 452.5 Coupled Slow-Wave Coplanar Waveguides 452.5.1 Topology 452.5.1.1 Design Flexibility 452.5.2 Electric and Magnetic Fields Distribution 472.5.3 Propagation Modes in Coupled Slow-Wave CPWs 472.5.4 Definition of the Electric Model Topology: RLRC Model for Coupled Lines 482.5.4.1 Magnetic Coupling 492.5.4.2 Electric Coupling 502.5.4.3 Lossy Model of a Coupled Slow-Wave CPW 522.5.5 Design Charts 522.6 Circuits Using Slow-Wave CPW and Slow-Wave CPS 542.6.1 Junctions 552.6.1.1 Microstrip to Slow-Wave CPW Junction 552.6.1.2 Tee-Junctions 562.6.2 Millimeter-Wave Filters 572.6.2.1 Dual Behavior Resonator 572.6.2.2 Coupled Lines Filters 592.6.2.3 LC Quasi-Lumped Resonator 612.6.3 Power Divider/Combiner 652.6.3.1 Wilkinson Topology 652.6.3.2 Variation Based on Wilkinson Topology 662.6.4 Couplers & Baluns 692.6.4.1 Branch-Line Couplers 692.6.4.2 Coupled Line Couplers 692.6.4.3 Rat-Race Balun 712.6.4.4 Power-Divider-Based Balun 732.6.5 Voltage-Controlled Oscillator tank 732.6.5.1 Slow-Wave CPS as Inductor Voltage-Controlled Oscillator 742.6.5.2 Slow-wave CPS resonator standing wave Voltage-Controlled Oscillator 772.6.5.3 Conclusion 792.6.6 Phase Shifter 802.6.6.1 Integrated Phase Shifter With Varactors 812.6.6.2 Compact Liquid Crystal MEMS Phase Shifter 822.6.7 Sensors 852.7 Conclusion 86References 863 Slow-Wave Microstrip Lines 91Hamza Issa and Ariana Lacorte Caniato Serrano3.1 Introduction 913.2 Principle of Slow-Wave Microstrip Lines 923.3 PCB Technology 943.3.1 Slow-Wave Microstrip Line 943.3.2 Slow-Wave Coupled Lines 953.4 Metallic Nanowire Membrane Technology 953.5 Electrical Model 983.5.1 Linear Capacitance C SMS 993.5.2 Linear Inductance L SMS 1033.5.2.1 PCB Technology 1033.5.2.2 MnM Technology 1043.5.3 Linear Strip Resistance R 1053.5.4 Linear Conductance G 1053.5.5 Metallic via Inductance L via and Mutual M ij 1053.5.6 Metallic vias Resistance R via 1073.5.7 Electrical Model for Coupled Lines 1073.5.8 Validation 1083.5.8.1 PCB Technology 1093.5.8.2 MnM Technology 1113.5.9 Discussion 1203.6 Applications 1213.6.1 Wilkinson Power Divider 1223.6.2 Branch-Line Coupler 1243.6.3 Forward-Wave Directional Coupler 1263.6.4 MEMS Phase Shifter With Liquid Crystal 1293.7 CMOS Technology 1323.7.1 Slow-Wave Microstrip Lines (S-MS) 1323.7.2 Principle of an Artificial Transmission Line Based on Meandered S-MS Lines 1353.7.3 Artificial S-MS Line and Meandered-Microstrip Line 1353.7.3.1 Design 1353.7.3.2 Results and Comparison 1363.7.4 Branch-Line Coupler 1373.7.4.1 Design 1373.7.4.2 Results 1383.7.4.3 Influence of the Back-End-Of-Line 140References 1404 Slow-Wave SIW 143Matthieu Bertrand, Jordan Corsi, Emmanuel Pistono, and Gustavo P. Rehder4.1 Substrate Integrated Waveguides 1444.2 Basic Concept of the Slow-Wave SIW 1464.3 Modeling of Slow-Wave SIW 1474.3.1 Lossless SW-PPW to Lossless SW-SIW 1474.3.2 Lossy Slow-Wave PPW (Dielectric Losses) 1514.3.3 Lossy Slow-Wave PPW (Metallic Posts Losses) 1534.4 SW-SIW in PCB Technology 1574.4.1 Design Rules 1574.4.2 Ku-Band SW-SIW Implementation and Results 1584.4.3 SW-SIW Coupler 1614.4.4 SW-SIW Cavity Filter 1654.4.5 Slow-Wave SIW Cavity-Backed Antenna 1674.5 SW-SIW in Metallic Nanowire Membrane Technology 1704.5.1 Effective Width and Cut-off Frequency 1724.5.2 Losses due to Metallic Nanowires 1734.5.3 W-Band Implementation and Results 1764.5.4 SW-SIW Cavity Filters 180References 183Index 187