The editors LEIGH LAMONT, DVM, MS, DACVAA, is a Professor of Anesthesiology at the Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada. KURT GRIMM, DVM, MS, PhD, DACVAA, DACVCP, is the Founder of Veterinary Specialist Services in Conifer, Colorado, USA. SHEILAH ROBERTSON, BVMS (Hons), CertVA, PhD, DACVAA, DECVAA, DACAW, DECAWBM (AWSEL), FRCVS, is the Senior Medical Director of Lap of Love Veterinary Hospice Inc. in Lutz, Florida, USA and a courtesy Professor at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, USA. LYDIA LOVE, DVM, DACVAA, is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology at North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. CARRIE SCHROEDER, DVM, DACVAA, is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Anesthesia and Pain Management, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine in Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

• List of Contributors ixForeword xiiiPreface xivAbout the Companion Website xvSection 1: General Topics1 Overview, History, and Current Issues in Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia 3William J. Tranquilli, Kurt A. Grimm and Leigh A. Lamont2 Anesthetic Risk and Informed Consent 10Dave C. Brodbelt, Derek Flaherty and Glenn R. Pettifer3 Introduction to Patient Safety 24Matt McMillan and Daniel S.J. Pang4 Safety Considerations for Laser and Radiographic Procedures and Magnetic Resonance Imaging 40Julie A. Smith and Carrie Davis5 Anesthetic Emergencies, Resuscitation, and Adverse Events 54Erik H. Hofmeister6 Anesthesia Equipment 74Craig A.E. Mosley7 Infection Prevention and Control in Anesthesia 142Raphaël Vézina Audette and Stephen D. Cole8 Euthanasia and Humane Killing 152Robert E. MeyerSection 2: Patient Monitoring9 Biomedical Engineering 169Catherine M. Creighton and Nadja Johnson Bressan10 Anesthetic Depth Monitoring and Electroencephalography 176Christopher L. Norkus11 Electrocardiography 187Kyle J. Bartholomew12 Blood Pressure Monitoring 197Odette O13 Cardiac Output Measurement 210Alessio Vigani14 Monitoring Ventilation 220Jessica D. Briley, Kate M. Bailey and Lydia Love15 Monitoring Oxygenation 231Chiara Adami16 Anesthetic Gas Monitoring 240Rebecca C. Reader17 Perioperative Thermoregulation and Heat Balance 246Kurt A. Grimm18 Point- of- Care Ultrasound in Anesthesia 254Søren R. Boysen and Daniel S.J. PangSection 3: Pharmacology19 General Pharmacology of Anesthetic and Analgesic Drugs 283Ted Whittem, Thierry Beths and Sébastien H. Bauquier20 Anticholinergics 314Phillip Lerche21 Adrenergic Agents 319Jo C. Murrell22 Sedatives and Tranquilizers 333Catherine M. Creighton and Leigh A. Lamont23 Opioids 355Bradley T. Simon and Ignacio Lizarraga24 Non- Steroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drugs 398Mark G. Papich25 Anesthetic and Analgesic Adjunctive Drugs 420Daniel S.J. Pang26 Neuromuscular Blockade 448Manuel Martin- Flores27 Injectable Anesthetics 462Stephanie M. Hamilton28 Inhalation Anesthetics 489Eugene P. Steffey Robert J. Brosnan and Khursheed R. Mama29 Local Anesthetics 526Eva Rioja GarciaSection 4: Body Fluids and Fluid Therapy30 Acid–Base Physiology 555Peter D. Constable and William W. Muir31 Treatment of Coagulation and Platelet Disorders 574Benjamin M. Brainard32 Clinical Pharmacology and Administration of Fluid, Electrolyte, and Blood Component Solutions 580Amandeep S. Chohan and Elizabeth B. DavidowSection 5: Physiology and Anesthetic Management33 Cardiovascular Physiology 615William W. Muir34 Anesthesia for Cardiopulmonary Bypass 667Khursheed R. Mama35 Cardiac Pacemakers and Anesthesia 674Barret J. Bulmer36 Pathophysiology and Anesthetic Management of Patients with Cardiovascular Disease 680Sandra Z. Perkowski and Mark A. Oyama37 Respiratory Physiology and Pathophysiology 697Carolyn L. Kerr and Francisco J. Teixeira- Neto38 Oxygen Therapy, Mechanical Ventilation, and Anesthetic Management of Patients with Respiratory Disease 750Francisco J. Teixeira- Neto and Carolyn L. Kerr39 Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Anesthetic Management of Patients with Neurologic Disease 822Tatiana H. Ferreira and Starr Cameron40 Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Anesthetic Management of Patients with Hepatic Disease 847Vaidehi V. Paranjape and Fernando Garcia- Pereira41 Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Anesthetic Management of Patients with Gastrointestinal Disease 862Jennifer G. Adams42 Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Anesthetic Management of Patients with Endocrine Disease 891Renata S. Costa, Teela Jones and Thomas K. Graves43 Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Anesthetic Management of Patients with Renal Disease 922Stuart C. Clark- Price and Julie R. Fischer44 Anesthetic Considerations for Renal Replacement Therapy 944Rebecca A. Johnson45 Anesthetic Considerations During Pregnancy and for the Newborn 955Marc R. Raffe and Elizabeth Goudie- DeAngelisSection 6: Nociception and Pain46 Physiology and Pathophysiology of Pain 971Kate L. White47 Recognition and Quantification of Acute and Chronic Pain 996Jo C. Murrell48 Clinical Management and Pharmacologic Treatment of Pain 1010Carolyn M. McKune49 Non- Pharmacologic Management of Pain 1023Bonnie D. WrightSection 7: Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia50 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Dogs and Cats 1029Peter J. Pascoe and Bruno H. Pypendop51 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Community Medicine Settings 1041Emily McCobb52 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Horses 1048Lori A. Bidwell53 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Ruminants and Swine 1052HuiChu Lin54 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Laboratory Animals 1065Henri G.M.J. Bertrand and Aurélie A. Thomas55 Comparative Immobilization and Anesthesia – Free- Ranging Terrestrial Mammals 1077Nigel Caulkett and Jon M. Arnemo56 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Marine Mammals 1091Julie A. Balko and James E. Bailey57 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Reptiles, Amphibians, and Fishes 1110Sathya K. Chinnadurai and Cornelia I. Mosley58 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Birds 1127John W. Ludders and David Sanchez- Migallon GuzmanSection 8: Anesthesia and Analgesia for Domestic Species59 Dogs and Cats 1157Carolina H. Riccó Pereira and Phillip Lerche60 Canine and Feline Local Anesthetic and Analgesic Techniques 1166Raphaël Vézina Audette, Alexander C.S. Thomson, Ciara A. Barr, Luis Campoy, Matt Read and Santiago Peralta61 Horses 1205Regula Bettschart- Wolfensberger62 Horses with Colic 1217Ludovica Chiavaccini and Lauren R. Duffee63 Equine Local Anesthetic and Analgesic Techniques 1235Rachael E. Carpenter and Christopher R. Byron64 Ruminants 1262Chiara E. Hampton and Thomas W. Riebold65 Swine 1285Lais M. Malavasi66 Ruminant and Swine Local Anesthetic and Analgesic Techniques 1301Alexander ValverdeSection 9: Anesthesia and Analgesia for Selected Patients67 Ophthalmic Patients 1327Vaidehi V. Paranjape and Luisito S. Pablo68 Neonatal and Pediatric Patients 1348Emily McCobb and Sheilah A. Robertson69 Aging Patients 1354Sheilah A. Robertson and Kirk A. Muñoz70 Cancer Patients 1363Timothy M. Fan and Stephanie Keating71 Osteoarthritis Patients 1377Steven C. Budsberg and Whitney D. HinsonIndex 1390

The editors LEIGH LAMONT, DVM, MS, DACVAA, is a Professor of Anesthesiology at the Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada. KURT GRIMM, DVM, MS, PhD, DACVAA, DACVCP, is the Founder of Veterinary Specialist Services in Conifer, Colorado, USA. SHEILAH ROBERTSON, BVMS (Hons), CertVA, PhD, DACVAA, DECVAA, DACAW, DECAWBM (AWSEL), FRCVS, is the Senior Medical Director of Lap of Love Veterinary Hospice Inc. in Lutz, Florida, USA and a courtesy Professor at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, USA. LYDIA LOVE, DVM, DACVAA, is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology at North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. CARRIE SCHROEDER, DVM, DACVAA, is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Anesthesia and Pain Management, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine in Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

• List of Contributors ixForeword xiiiPreface xivAbout the Companion Website xvSection 1: General Topics1 Overview, History, and Current Issues in Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia 3William J. Tranquilli, Kurt A. Grimm and Leigh A. Lamont2 Anesthetic Risk and Informed Consent 10Dave C. Brodbelt, Derek Flaherty and Glenn R. Pettifer3 Introduction to Patient Safety 24Matt McMillan and Daniel S.J. Pang4 Safety Considerations for Laser and Radiographic Procedures and Magnetic Resonance Imaging 40Julie A. Smith and Carrie Davis5 Anesthetic Emergencies, Resuscitation, and Adverse Events 54Erik H. Hofmeister6 Anesthesia Equipment 74Craig A.E. Mosley7 Infection Prevention and Control in Anesthesia 142Raphaël Vézina Audette and Stephen D. Cole8 Euthanasia and Humane Killing 152Robert E. MeyerSection 2: Patient Monitoring9 Biomedical Engineering 169Catherine M. Creighton and Nadja Johnson Bressan10 Anesthetic Depth Monitoring and Electroencephalography 176Christopher L. Norkus11 Electrocardiography 187Kyle J. Bartholomew12 Blood Pressure Monitoring 197Odette O13 Cardiac Output Measurement 210Alessio Vigani14 Monitoring Ventilation 220Jessica D. Briley, Kate M. Bailey and Lydia Love15 Monitoring Oxygenation 231Chiara Adami16 Anesthetic Gas Monitoring 240Rebecca C. Reader17 Perioperative Thermoregulation and Heat Balance 246Kurt A. Grimm18 Point- of- Care Ultrasound in Anesthesia 254Søren R. Boysen and Daniel S.J. PangSection 3: Pharmacology19 General Pharmacology of Anesthetic and Analgesic Drugs 283Ted Whittem, Thierry Beths and Sébastien H. Bauquier20 Anticholinergics 314Phillip Lerche21 Adrenergic Agents 319Jo C. Murrell22 Sedatives and Tranquilizers 333Catherine M. Creighton and Leigh A. Lamont23 Opioids 355Bradley T. Simon and Ignacio Lizarraga24 Non- Steroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drugs 398Mark G. Papich25 Anesthetic and Analgesic Adjunctive Drugs 420Daniel S.J. Pang26 Neuromuscular Blockade 448Manuel Martin- Flores27 Injectable Anesthetics 462Stephanie M. Hamilton28 Inhalation Anesthetics 489Eugene P. Steffey Robert J. Brosnan and Khursheed R. Mama29 Local Anesthetics 526Eva Rioja GarciaSection 4: Body Fluids and Fluid Therapy30 Acid–Base Physiology 555Peter D. Constable and William W. Muir31 Treatment of Coagulation and Platelet Disorders 574Benjamin M. Brainard32 Clinical Pharmacology and Administration of Fluid, Electrolyte, and Blood Component Solutions 580Amandeep S. Chohan and Elizabeth B. DavidowSection 5: Physiology and Anesthetic Management33 Cardiovascular Physiology 615William W. Muir34 Anesthesia for Cardiopulmonary Bypass 667Khursheed R. Mama35 Cardiac Pacemakers and Anesthesia 674Barret J. Bulmer36 Pathophysiology and Anesthetic Management of Patients with Cardiovascular Disease 680Sandra Z. Perkowski and Mark A. Oyama37 Respiratory Physiology and Pathophysiology 697Carolyn L. Kerr and Francisco J. Teixeira- Neto38 Oxygen Therapy, Mechanical Ventilation, and Anesthetic Management of Patients with Respiratory Disease 750Francisco J. Teixeira- Neto and Carolyn L. Kerr39 Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Anesthetic Management of Patients with Neurologic Disease 822Tatiana H. Ferreira and Starr Cameron40 Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Anesthetic Management of Patients with Hepatic Disease 847Vaidehi V. Paranjape and Fernando Garcia- Pereira41 Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Anesthetic Management of Patients with Gastrointestinal Disease 862Jennifer G. Adams42 Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Anesthetic Management of Patients with Endocrine Disease 891Renata S. Costa, Teela Jones and Thomas K. Graves43 Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Anesthetic Management of Patients with Renal Disease 922Stuart C. Clark- Price and Julie R. Fischer44 Anesthetic Considerations for Renal Replacement Therapy 944Rebecca A. Johnson45 Anesthetic Considerations During Pregnancy and for the Newborn 955Marc R. Raffe and Elizabeth Goudie- DeAngelisSection 6: Nociception and Pain46 Physiology and Pathophysiology of Pain 971Kate L. White47 Recognition and Quantification of Acute and Chronic Pain 996Jo C. Murrell48 Clinical Management and Pharmacologic Treatment of Pain 1010Carolyn M. McKune49 Non- Pharmacologic Management of Pain 1023Bonnie D. WrightSection 7: Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia50 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Dogs and Cats 1029Peter J. Pascoe and Bruno H. Pypendop51 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Community Medicine Settings 1041Emily McCobb52 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Horses 1048Lori A. Bidwell53 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Ruminants and Swine 1052HuiChu Lin54 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Laboratory Animals 1065Henri G.M.J. Bertrand and Aurélie A. Thomas55 Comparative Immobilization and Anesthesia – Free- Ranging Terrestrial Mammals 1077Nigel Caulkett and Jon M. Arnemo56 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Marine Mammals 1091Julie A. Balko and James E. Bailey57 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Reptiles, Amphibians, and Fishes 1110Sathya K. Chinnadurai and Cornelia I. Mosley58 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Birds 1127John W. Ludders and David Sanchez- Migallon GuzmanSection 8: Anesthesia and Analgesia for Domestic Species59 Dogs and Cats 1157Carolina H. Riccó Pereira and Phillip Lerche60 Canine and Feline Local Anesthetic and Analgesic Techniques 1166Raphaël Vézina Audette, Alexander C.S. Thomson, Ciara A. Barr, Luis Campoy, Matt Read and Santiago Peralta61 Horses 1205Regula Bettschart- Wolfensberger62 Horses with Colic 1217Ludovica Chiavaccini and Lauren R. Duffee63 Equine Local Anesthetic and Analgesic Techniques 1235Rachael E. Carpenter and Christopher R. Byron64 Ruminants 1262Chiara E. Hampton and Thomas W. Riebold65 Swine 1285Lais M. Malavasi66 Ruminant and Swine Local Anesthetic and Analgesic Techniques 1301Alexander ValverdeSection 9: Anesthesia and Analgesia for Selected Patients67 Ophthalmic Patients 1327Vaidehi V. Paranjape and Luisito S. Pablo68 Neonatal and Pediatric Patients 1348Emily McCobb and Sheilah A. Robertson69 Aging Patients 1354Sheilah A. Robertson and Kirk A. Muñoz70 Cancer Patients 1363Timothy M. Fan and Stephanie Keating71 Osteoarthritis Patients 1377Steven C. Budsberg and Whitney D. HinsonIndex 1390

The editors LEIGH LAMONT, DVM, MS, DACVAA, is a Professor of Anesthesiology at the Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada. KURT GRIMM, DVM, MS, PhD, DACVAA, DACVCP, is the Founder of Veterinary Specialist Services in Conifer, Colorado, USA. SHEILAH ROBERTSON, BVMS (Hons), CertVA, PhD, DACVAA, DECVAA, DACAW, DECAWBM (AWSEL), FRCVS, is the Senior Medical Director of Lap of Love Veterinary Hospice Inc. in Lutz, Florida, USA and a courtesy Professor at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, USA. LYDIA LOVE, DVM, DACVAA, is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology at North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. CARRIE SCHROEDER, DVM, DACVAA, is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Anesthesia and Pain Management, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine in Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

• List of Contributors ixForeword xiiiPreface xivAbout the Companion Website xvSection 1: General Topics1 Overview, History, and Current Issues in Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia 3William J. Tranquilli, Kurt A. Grimm and Leigh A. Lamont2 Anesthetic Risk and Informed Consent 10Dave C. Brodbelt, Derek Flaherty and Glenn R. Pettifer3 Introduction to Patient Safety 24Matt McMillan and Daniel S.J. Pang4 Safety Considerations for Laser and Radiographic Procedures and Magnetic Resonance Imaging 40Julie A. Smith and Carrie Davis5 Anesthetic Emergencies, Resuscitation, and Adverse Events 54Erik H. Hofmeister6 Anesthesia Equipment 74Craig A.E. Mosley7 Infection Prevention and Control in Anesthesia 142Raphaël Vézina Audette and Stephen D. Cole8 Euthanasia and Humane Killing 152Robert E. MeyerSection 2: Patient Monitoring9 Biomedical Engineering 169Catherine M. Creighton and Nadja Johnson Bressan10 Anesthetic Depth Monitoring and Electroencephalography 176Christopher L. Norkus11 Electrocardiography 187Kyle J. Bartholomew12 Blood Pressure Monitoring 197Odette O13 Cardiac Output Measurement 210Alessio Vigani14 Monitoring Ventilation 220Jessica D. Briley, Kate M. Bailey and Lydia Love15 Monitoring Oxygenation 231Chiara Adami16 Anesthetic Gas Monitoring 240Rebecca C. Reader17 Perioperative Thermoregulation and Heat Balance 246Kurt A. Grimm18 Point- of- Care Ultrasound in Anesthesia 254Søren R. Boysen and Daniel S.J. PangSection 3: Pharmacology19 General Pharmacology of Anesthetic and Analgesic Drugs 283Ted Whittem, Thierry Beths and Sébastien H. Bauquier20 Anticholinergics 314Phillip Lerche21 Adrenergic Agents 319Jo C. Murrell22 Sedatives and Tranquilizers 333Catherine M. Creighton and Leigh A. Lamont23 Opioids 355Bradley T. Simon and Ignacio Lizarraga24 Non- Steroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drugs 398Mark G. Papich25 Anesthetic and Analgesic Adjunctive Drugs 420Daniel S.J. Pang26 Neuromuscular Blockade 448Manuel Martin- Flores27 Injectable Anesthetics 462Stephanie M. Hamilton28 Inhalation Anesthetics 489Eugene P. Steffey Robert J. Brosnan and Khursheed R. Mama29 Local Anesthetics 526Eva Rioja GarciaSection 4: Body Fluids and Fluid Therapy30 Acid–Base Physiology 555Peter D. Constable and William W. Muir31 Treatment of Coagulation and Platelet Disorders 574Benjamin M. Brainard32 Clinical Pharmacology and Administration of Fluid, Electrolyte, and Blood Component Solutions 580Amandeep S. Chohan and Elizabeth B. DavidowSection 5: Physiology and Anesthetic Management33 Cardiovascular Physiology 615William W. Muir34 Anesthesia for Cardiopulmonary Bypass 667Khursheed R. Mama35 Cardiac Pacemakers and Anesthesia 674Barret J. Bulmer36 Pathophysiology and Anesthetic Management of Patients with Cardiovascular Disease 680Sandra Z. Perkowski and Mark A. Oyama37 Respiratory Physiology and Pathophysiology 697Carolyn L. Kerr and Francisco J. Teixeira- Neto38 Oxygen Therapy, Mechanical Ventilation, and Anesthetic Management of Patients with Respiratory Disease 750Francisco J. Teixeira- Neto and Carolyn L. Kerr39 Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Anesthetic Management of Patients with Neurologic Disease 822Tatiana H. Ferreira and Starr Cameron40 Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Anesthetic Management of Patients with Hepatic Disease 847Vaidehi V. Paranjape and Fernando Garcia- Pereira41 Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Anesthetic Management of Patients with Gastrointestinal Disease 862Jennifer G. Adams42 Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Anesthetic Management of Patients with Endocrine Disease 891Renata S. Costa, Teela Jones and Thomas K. Graves43 Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Anesthetic Management of Patients with Renal Disease 922Stuart C. Clark- Price and Julie R. Fischer44 Anesthetic Considerations for Renal Replacement Therapy 944Rebecca A. Johnson45 Anesthetic Considerations During Pregnancy and for the Newborn 955Marc R. Raffe and Elizabeth Goudie- DeAngelisSection 6: Nociception and Pain46 Physiology and Pathophysiology of Pain 971Kate L. White47 Recognition and Quantification of Acute and Chronic Pain 996Jo C. Murrell48 Clinical Management and Pharmacologic Treatment of Pain 1010Carolyn M. McKune49 Non- Pharmacologic Management of Pain 1023Bonnie D. WrightSection 7: Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia50 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Dogs and Cats 1029Peter J. Pascoe and Bruno H. Pypendop51 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Community Medicine Settings 1041Emily McCobb52 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Horses 1048Lori A. Bidwell53 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Ruminants and Swine 1052HuiChu Lin54 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Laboratory Animals 1065Henri G.M.J. Bertrand and Aurélie A. Thomas55 Comparative Immobilization and Anesthesia – Free- Ranging Terrestrial Mammals 1077Nigel Caulkett and Jon M. Arnemo56 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Marine Mammals 1091Julie A. Balko and James E. Bailey57 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Reptiles, Amphibians, and Fishes 1110Sathya K. Chinnadurai and Cornelia I. Mosley58 Comparative Anesthesia and Analgesia – Birds 1127John W. Ludders and David Sanchez- Migallon GuzmanSection 8: Anesthesia and Analgesia for Domestic Species59 Dogs and Cats 1157Carolina H. Riccó Pereira and Phillip Lerche60 Canine and Feline Local Anesthetic and Analgesic Techniques 1166Raphaël Vézina Audette, Alexander C.S. Thomson, Ciara A. Barr, Luis Campoy, Matt Read and Santiago Peralta61 Horses 1205Regula Bettschart- Wolfensberger62 Horses with Colic 1217Ludovica Chiavaccini and Lauren R. Duffee63 Equine Local Anesthetic and Analgesic Techniques 1235Rachael E. Carpenter and Christopher R. Byron64 Ruminants 1262Chiara E. Hampton and Thomas W. Riebold65 Swine 1285Lais M. Malavasi66 Ruminant and Swine Local Anesthetic and Analgesic Techniques 1301Alexander ValverdeSection 9: Anesthesia and Analgesia for Selected Patients67 Ophthalmic Patients 1327Vaidehi V. Paranjape and Luisito S. Pablo68 Neonatal and Pediatric Patients 1348Emily McCobb and Sheilah A. Robertson69 Aging Patients 1354Sheilah A. Robertson and Kirk A. Muñoz70 Cancer Patients 1363Timothy M. Fan and Stephanie Keating71 Osteoarthritis Patients 1377Steven C. Budsberg and Whitney D. HinsonIndex 1390