VIVIANE G. NASR, M.D., MPH, FASA is Chief of the Division of Cardiac Anesthesia at Boston Children’s Hospital, where he holds the Francis X. McGowan, Jr., MD Chair in Cardiac Anesthesia. Dr. Nasr is an Associate Professor of Anesthesia at Harvard Medical School. JAMES A. DINARDO, M.D., FAAP, FASA is the past Chief of the Division of Cardiac Anesthesia at Boston Children’s Hospital and previous holder of the Francis X. McGowan, Jr., MD Chair in Cardiac Anesthesia. Dr. DiNardo is a Professor of Anesthesia at Harvard Medical School.

• Preface to the Second Edition xixPart I The Basics 11 Cardiovascular Development 32 Important Concepts in Congenital Heart Disease 93 Preoperative Evaluation 234 Intraoperative Management 335 Developmental Hemostasis and Patient Blood Management 416 Interpretation of Cardiac Catheterization Data 497 Management of Cardiopulmonary Bypass 638 Echocardiography 859 Risk Scoring Systems in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease 10310 Mechanical Circulatory Support 10911 Postoperative Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Care 127Part II Specific Lesions 14312 Patent Ductus Arteriosus 14513 Aortopulmonary Window 14914 Coarctation of the Aorta 15315 Atrial Septal Defect 16116 Ventricular Septal Defect 16717 Atrioventricular Canal Defects 17118 Double Outlet Right Ventricle 17719 Truncus Arteriosus 18320 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return 18721 Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction 19322 Mitral Valve 199 Mitral Valve Stenosis 19923 Pulmonary Atresia/Intact Ventricular Septum 20724 Tetralogy of Fallot 21325 Tetralogy of Fallot with Pulmonary Atresia 22526 Tetralogy of Fallot with Absent Pulmonary Valve 22927 Transposition of the Great Arteries 23328 Single-ventricle Lesions 24729 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome 26930 Interrupted Aortic Arch 27531 Vascular Rings 28132 Tricuspid Atresia 28533 Heart Transplantation 28934 Heart-Lung and Lung Transplantation 30735 Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery and Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery 32136 Heterotaxy 327 Introduction 32737 Ebstein Anomaly 333Index 339

VIVIANE G. NASR, M.D., MPH, FASA is Chief of the Division of Cardiac Anesthesia at Boston Children’s Hospital, where he holds the Francis X. McGowan, Jr., MD Chair in Cardiac Anesthesia. Dr. Nasr is an Associate Professor of Anesthesia at Harvard Medical School. JAMES A. DINARDO, M.D., FAAP, FASA is the past Chief of the Division of Cardiac Anesthesia at Boston Children’s Hospital and previous holder of the Francis X. McGowan, Jr., MD Chair in Cardiac Anesthesia. Dr. DiNardo is a Professor of Anesthesia at Harvard Medical School.

• Preface to the Second Edition xixPart I The Basics 11 Cardiovascular Development 32 Important Concepts in Congenital Heart Disease 93 Preoperative Evaluation 234 Intraoperative Management 335 Developmental Hemostasis and Patient Blood Management 416 Interpretation of Cardiac Catheterization Data 497 Management of Cardiopulmonary Bypass 638 Echocardiography 859 Risk Scoring Systems in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease 10310 Mechanical Circulatory Support 10911 Postoperative Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Care 127Part II Specific Lesions 14312 Patent Ductus Arteriosus 14513 Aortopulmonary Window 14914 Coarctation of the Aorta 15315 Atrial Septal Defect 16116 Ventricular Septal Defect 16717 Atrioventricular Canal Defects 17118 Double Outlet Right Ventricle 17719 Truncus Arteriosus 18320 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return 18721 Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction 19322 Mitral Valve 199 Mitral Valve Stenosis 19923 Pulmonary Atresia/Intact Ventricular Septum 20724 Tetralogy of Fallot 21325 Tetralogy of Fallot with Pulmonary Atresia 22526 Tetralogy of Fallot with Absent Pulmonary Valve 22927 Transposition of the Great Arteries 23328 Single-ventricle Lesions 24729 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome 26930 Interrupted Aortic Arch 27531 Vascular Rings 28132 Tricuspid Atresia 28533 Heart Transplantation 28934 Heart-Lung and Lung Transplantation 30735 Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery and Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery 32136 Heterotaxy 327 Introduction 32737 Ebstein Anomaly 333Index 339

VIVIANE G. NASR, M.D., MPH, FASA is Chief of the Division of Cardiac Anesthesia at Boston Children’s Hospital, where he holds the Francis X. McGowan, Jr., MD Chair in Cardiac Anesthesia. Dr. Nasr is an Associate Professor of Anesthesia at Harvard Medical School. JAMES A. DINARDO, M.D., FAAP, FASA is the past Chief of the Division of Cardiac Anesthesia at Boston Children’s Hospital and previous holder of the Francis X. McGowan, Jr., MD Chair in Cardiac Anesthesia. Dr. DiNardo is a Professor of Anesthesia at Harvard Medical School.

• Preface to the Second Edition xixPart I The Basics 11 Cardiovascular Development 32 Important Concepts in Congenital Heart Disease 93 Preoperative Evaluation 234 Intraoperative Management 335 Developmental Hemostasis and Patient Blood Management 416 Interpretation of Cardiac Catheterization Data 497 Management of Cardiopulmonary Bypass 638 Echocardiography 859 Risk Scoring Systems in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease 10310 Mechanical Circulatory Support 10911 Postoperative Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Care 127Part II Specific Lesions 14312 Patent Ductus Arteriosus 14513 Aortopulmonary Window 14914 Coarctation of the Aorta 15315 Atrial Septal Defect 16116 Ventricular Septal Defect 16717 Atrioventricular Canal Defects 17118 Double Outlet Right Ventricle 17719 Truncus Arteriosus 18320 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return 18721 Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction 19322 Mitral Valve 199 Mitral Valve Stenosis 19923 Pulmonary Atresia/Intact Ventricular Septum 20724 Tetralogy of Fallot 21325 Tetralogy of Fallot with Pulmonary Atresia 22526 Tetralogy of Fallot with Absent Pulmonary Valve 22927 Transposition of the Great Arteries 23328 Single-ventricle Lesions 24729 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome 26930 Interrupted Aortic Arch 27531 Vascular Rings 28132 Tricuspid Atresia 28533 Heart Transplantation 28934 Heart-Lung and Lung Transplantation 30735 Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery and Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery 32136 Heterotaxy 327 Introduction 32737 Ebstein Anomaly 333Index 339