Pilar Ortega, MD, MGM, is Vice President, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion at the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and Clinical Associate Professor at the University of Illinois College of Medicine Departments of Emergency Medicine and Medical Education. Dr. Ortega co-founded the National Association of Medical Spanish and the Medical Organization for Latino Advancement.Glenn Martínez, PhD, MPH, is Dean of the College of Liberal and Fine Arts and Professor of Spanish, Bicultural/Bilingual Studies, and Public Health at the University of Texas at San Antonio. Dr. Martínez's research focuses on sociolinguistics and applied linguistics of Spanish-speaking communities in the United States and along the US-Mexico border.Maichou Lor, PhD, RN, is Assistant Professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing. Dr. Lor's research focuses on reducing health disparities through improving health communication between healthcare providers and patients, specifically patients with low health literacy and/or limited English proficiency. She is a board member of the National Council on Interpreting in Health Care.A. Susana Ramírez, PhD, MPH, is Associate Professor of Public Health Communication at the University of California, Merced. As an infodemiologist, Dr. Ramírez applies communication science to advance public health goals. She is an internationally recognized expert on media, inequality, and health.

• Editor Biographies xiContributor Biographies xiiiEndorsement xixPreface xxiAcknowledgments xxvPart I Theory, History, and Context: Language in Public Health and Healthcare 11 Are We Overlooking Language? An Applied Linguistics Perspective on the Role of Language as a Social Determinant of Health 3Stefanie Harsch and Maricel G. Santos2 Sociolinguistics, Public Health, and Healthcare 25Dalia Magaña3 A Critical Overview of Illness Narratives: Sociolinguistic, Literary, and Graphic Perspectives 43Roxana Delbene4 Anthropological Linguistics, Health, and Healthcare 59Milena A. Melo, Carla Pezzia, William J. Robertson, and K. Jill Fleuriet5 Applied Linguistics, Public Health, and Healthcare 77Holly E. JacobsonPart II Language Interpretation and Translation in Public Health and Healthcare 976 Recognizing and Addressing Language Discordance 101Allison Squires7 The Role of Healthcare Interpreters 117Elaine Hsieh8 Healthcare Translation for Patients 137Wioleta Karwacka9 Health Literacy and Plain Language 155Suad GhaddarPart III Language Concordance in Public Health and Healthcare 17510 Language Concordance in Clinical Care 179Alicia Fernández and Francine Ríos-Fetchko11 Language Concordance as Interactional Concordance in Multilingual Clinical Consultations 189Caroline H. Vickers and Ryan A. Goble12 Assessing Clinician Language Skills 215Ute Knoch and Jason Fan13 Setting Standards for Clinician Language Use in Patient Care 231John D. Cowden14 Current Gaps and Future Directions in Language Concordance Research and Policy 255George S. Corpuz, David A. Chirikian, and Lisa C. DiamondPart IV Pedagogy of Medical Language Education 27715 Second Language Acquisition for Healthcare Purposes 281Karol J. Hardin16 Centering Translanguaging for Inclusive Health Communication: Implications for Healthcare Professional Education 305Josh Prada and Robyn Woodward-Kron17 Dedicated Medical Spanish Courses and Crosslinguistic Healthcare Communication Skills 325Marco A. Alemán and Alejandra Zapién-Hidalgo18 Medical Language Programs to Enhance Engagement with Diverse Communities in the United States and Around the World 349Rose L. Molina and Jennifer Kasper19 Clinical Communication Skills Training in Minoritized Languages 367Carmen Pérez-Muñoz and Tiffany M. Shin20 Faculty Development in Medical Language Education 387Mónica B. Vela and Adriana C. Black MorocoimaPart V Mass Communication and Health: Theory, Research, and Application with and for Linguistically Diverse Populations 40321 Mass Media and Health Research in, with, and for Linguistically Diverse Populations 407Katharine J. Head and Katherine E. Ridley-Merriweather22 Health Information Seeking among Linguistically Diverse Populations in the United States 429Christine Swoboda, Priti Singh, A. Susana Ramírez, and Naleef Fareed23 Entertainment-Education as Linguistic Duality in Practice 445Suruchi Sood and Rachael HaileSelasse24 Graphic Medicine and Visual Communication Techniques for Public Health and Healthcare in Linguistically Diverse Settings 469MK Czerwiec, Q. Jane Zhao, Isa Álvarez, and Pilar Ortega25 Social Media and Health in Linguistically Diverse Communities: An Examination of Overlooked Populations and Understudied Platforms 493Anna Gaysynsky, Kathryn Heley, and Wen-Ying Sylvia Chou26 Urgent Communication During Public Health Crises: Reaching Linguistically Diverse Populations 511Victoria Ledford, A. Susana Ramírez, and Xiaoli NanGlossary 533Index 541

Pilar Ortega, MD, MGM, is Vice President, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion at the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and Clinical Associate Professor at the University of Illinois College of Medicine Departments of Emergency Medicine and Medical Education. Dr. Ortega co-founded the National Association of Medical Spanish and the Medical Organization for Latino Advancement.Glenn Martínez, PhD, MPH, is Dean of the College of Liberal and Fine Arts and Professor of Spanish, Bicultural/Bilingual Studies, and Public Health at the University of Texas at San Antonio. Dr. Martínez's research focuses on sociolinguistics and applied linguistics of Spanish-speaking communities in the United States and along the US-Mexico border.Maichou Lor, PhD, RN, is Assistant Professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing. Dr. Lor's research focuses on reducing health disparities through improving health communication between healthcare providers and patients, specifically patients with low health literacy and/or limited English proficiency. She is a board member of the National Council on Interpreting in Health Care.A. Susana Ramírez, PhD, MPH, is Associate Professor of Public Health Communication at the University of California, Merced. As an infodemiologist, Dr. Ramírez applies communication science to advance public health goals. She is an internationally recognized expert on media, inequality, and health.

• Editor Biographies xiContributor Biographies xiiiEndorsement xixPreface xxiAcknowledgments xxvPart I Theory, History, and Context: Language in Public Health and Healthcare 11 Are We Overlooking Language? An Applied Linguistics Perspective on the Role of Language as a Social Determinant of Health 3Stefanie Harsch and Maricel G. Santos2 Sociolinguistics, Public Health, and Healthcare 25Dalia Magaña3 A Critical Overview of Illness Narratives: Sociolinguistic, Literary, and Graphic Perspectives 43Roxana Delbene4 Anthropological Linguistics, Health, and Healthcare 59Milena A. Melo, Carla Pezzia, William J. Robertson, and K. Jill Fleuriet5 Applied Linguistics, Public Health, and Healthcare 77Holly E. JacobsonPart II Language Interpretation and Translation in Public Health and Healthcare 976 Recognizing and Addressing Language Discordance 101Allison Squires7 The Role of Healthcare Interpreters 117Elaine Hsieh8 Healthcare Translation for Patients 137Wioleta Karwacka9 Health Literacy and Plain Language 155Suad GhaddarPart III Language Concordance in Public Health and Healthcare 17510 Language Concordance in Clinical Care 179Alicia Fernández and Francine Ríos-Fetchko11 Language Concordance as Interactional Concordance in Multilingual Clinical Consultations 189Caroline H. Vickers and Ryan A. Goble12 Assessing Clinician Language Skills 215Ute Knoch and Jason Fan13 Setting Standards for Clinician Language Use in Patient Care 231John D. Cowden14 Current Gaps and Future Directions in Language Concordance Research and Policy 255George S. Corpuz, David A. Chirikian, and Lisa C. DiamondPart IV Pedagogy of Medical Language Education 27715 Second Language Acquisition for Healthcare Purposes 281Karol J. Hardin16 Centering Translanguaging for Inclusive Health Communication: Implications for Healthcare Professional Education 305Josh Prada and Robyn Woodward-Kron17 Dedicated Medical Spanish Courses and Crosslinguistic Healthcare Communication Skills 325Marco A. Alemán and Alejandra Zapién-Hidalgo18 Medical Language Programs to Enhance Engagement with Diverse Communities in the United States and Around the World 349Rose L. Molina and Jennifer Kasper19 Clinical Communication Skills Training in Minoritized Languages 367Carmen Pérez-Muñoz and Tiffany M. Shin20 Faculty Development in Medical Language Education 387Mónica B. Vela and Adriana C. Black MorocoimaPart V Mass Communication and Health: Theory, Research, and Application with and for Linguistically Diverse Populations 40321 Mass Media and Health Research in, with, and for Linguistically Diverse Populations 407Katharine J. Head and Katherine E. Ridley-Merriweather22 Health Information Seeking among Linguistically Diverse Populations in the United States 429Christine Swoboda, Priti Singh, A. Susana Ramírez, and Naleef Fareed23 Entertainment-Education as Linguistic Duality in Practice 445Suruchi Sood and Rachael HaileSelasse24 Graphic Medicine and Visual Communication Techniques for Public Health and Healthcare in Linguistically Diverse Settings 469MK Czerwiec, Q. Jane Zhao, Isa Álvarez, and Pilar Ortega25 Social Media and Health in Linguistically Diverse Communities: An Examination of Overlooked Populations and Understudied Platforms 493Anna Gaysynsky, Kathryn Heley, and Wen-Ying Sylvia Chou26 Urgent Communication During Public Health Crises: Reaching Linguistically Diverse Populations 511Victoria Ledford, A. Susana Ramírez, and Xiaoli NanGlossary 533Index 541

Pilar Ortega, MD, MGM, is Vice President, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion at the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and Clinical Associate Professor at the University of Illinois College of Medicine Departments of Emergency Medicine and Medical Education. Dr. Ortega co-founded the National Association of Medical Spanish and the Medical Organization for Latino Advancement.Glenn Martínez, PhD, MPH, is Dean of the College of Liberal and Fine Arts and Professor of Spanish, Bicultural/Bilingual Studies, and Public Health at the University of Texas at San Antonio. Dr. Martínez's research focuses on sociolinguistics and applied linguistics of Spanish-speaking communities in the United States and along the US-Mexico border.Maichou Lor, PhD, RN, is Assistant Professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing. Dr. Lor's research focuses on reducing health disparities through improving health communication between healthcare providers and patients, specifically patients with low health literacy and/or limited English proficiency. She is a board member of the National Council on Interpreting in Health Care.A. Susana Ramírez, PhD, MPH, is Associate Professor of Public Health Communication at the University of California, Merced. As an infodemiologist, Dr. Ramírez applies communication science to advance public health goals. She is an internationally recognized expert on media, inequality, and health.

• Editor Biographies xiContributor Biographies xiiiEndorsement xixPreface xxiAcknowledgments xxvPart I Theory, History, and Context: Language in Public Health and Healthcare 11 Are We Overlooking Language? An Applied Linguistics Perspective on the Role of Language as a Social Determinant of Health 3Stefanie Harsch and Maricel G. Santos2 Sociolinguistics, Public Health, and Healthcare 25Dalia Magaña3 A Critical Overview of Illness Narratives: Sociolinguistic, Literary, and Graphic Perspectives 43Roxana Delbene4 Anthropological Linguistics, Health, and Healthcare 59Milena A. Melo, Carla Pezzia, William J. Robertson, and K. Jill Fleuriet5 Applied Linguistics, Public Health, and Healthcare 77Holly E. JacobsonPart II Language Interpretation and Translation in Public Health and Healthcare 976 Recognizing and Addressing Language Discordance 101Allison Squires7 The Role of Healthcare Interpreters 117Elaine Hsieh8 Healthcare Translation for Patients 137Wioleta Karwacka9 Health Literacy and Plain Language 155Suad GhaddarPart III Language Concordance in Public Health and Healthcare 17510 Language Concordance in Clinical Care 179Alicia Fernández and Francine Ríos-Fetchko11 Language Concordance as Interactional Concordance in Multilingual Clinical Consultations 189Caroline H. Vickers and Ryan A. Goble12 Assessing Clinician Language Skills 215Ute Knoch and Jason Fan13 Setting Standards for Clinician Language Use in Patient Care 231John D. Cowden14 Current Gaps and Future Directions in Language Concordance Research and Policy 255George S. Corpuz, David A. Chirikian, and Lisa C. DiamondPart IV Pedagogy of Medical Language Education 27715 Second Language Acquisition for Healthcare Purposes 281Karol J. Hardin16 Centering Translanguaging for Inclusive Health Communication: Implications for Healthcare Professional Education 305Josh Prada and Robyn Woodward-Kron17 Dedicated Medical Spanish Courses and Crosslinguistic Healthcare Communication Skills 325Marco A. Alemán and Alejandra Zapién-Hidalgo18 Medical Language Programs to Enhance Engagement with Diverse Communities in the United States and Around the World 349Rose L. Molina and Jennifer Kasper19 Clinical Communication Skills Training in Minoritized Languages 367Carmen Pérez-Muñoz and Tiffany M. Shin20 Faculty Development in Medical Language Education 387Mónica B. Vela and Adriana C. Black MorocoimaPart V Mass Communication and Health: Theory, Research, and Application with and for Linguistically Diverse Populations 40321 Mass Media and Health Research in, with, and for Linguistically Diverse Populations 407Katharine J. Head and Katherine E. Ridley-Merriweather22 Health Information Seeking among Linguistically Diverse Populations in the United States 429Christine Swoboda, Priti Singh, A. Susana Ramírez, and Naleef Fareed23 Entertainment-Education as Linguistic Duality in Practice 445Suruchi Sood and Rachael HaileSelasse24 Graphic Medicine and Visual Communication Techniques for Public Health and Healthcare in Linguistically Diverse Settings 469MK Czerwiec, Q. Jane Zhao, Isa Álvarez, and Pilar Ortega25 Social Media and Health in Linguistically Diverse Communities: An Examination of Overlooked Populations and Understudied Platforms 493Anna Gaysynsky, Kathryn Heley, and Wen-Ying Sylvia Chou26 Urgent Communication During Public Health Crises: Reaching Linguistically Diverse Populations 511Victoria Ledford, A. Susana Ramírez, and Xiaoli NanGlossary 533Index 541