Sustainable and Green Electrochemical Science and Technology

KEITH SCOTTSchool of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, UK

• Preface xiiiAcknowledgement xv1 Introduction to Electrochemical Sustainable Processes 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Effluent Treatment and Recycling 31.3 Green Electrochemistry 31.4 Electrochemistry and Energy Sustainability 41.5 Hydrogen Economy and Fuel Cells 71.6 Conclusions 24References 252 Electrochemistry, Electrocatalysis and Thermodynamics 272.1 The Electrochemical Cell 272.2 Electrochemical Thermodynamics 292.3 Types of Electrochemical Reactions 382.4 Mass Transport and Electrochemical Reactions 492.5 Photoelectrochemistry 732.6 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy 80References 843 Electrochemical Cells, Materials and Reactors 873.1 Electrochemical Reactors 873.2 Fuel Cells 973.3 Batteries 1013.4 Capacitors 1033.5 Electrochemical Cell Engineering 106References 1244 Carbon Dioxide Reduction and Electro-Organic Synthesis 1254.1 Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide 1254.2 Organic Synthesis 1434.3 Green Electro-Organic Synthesis 1514.4 Conclusions 156References 1575 Hydrogen Production andWater Electrolysis 1595.1 Fossil Fuel Based Hydrogen Production 1605.2 Hydrogen via Electrolysis 1615.3 Photoelectrolysis 1845.4 Thermal and Electrochemical Generation of Hydrogen fromWater 1915.5 Chemical Production of Hydrogen 2005.6 Conclusions 200References 2016 Inorganic Synthesis 2036.1 Chemicals from the Electrolysis of Halides 2036.2 Electrolytic Processes for Metal Processing 2166.3 Inorganic Compounds and Salts 2206.4 Generation of Chemical Oxidants 2236.5 Conclusions 231References 2317 Electrochemical Energy Storage and Power Sources 2337.1 Batteries 2337.2 Supercapacitors 2667.3 Biological Fuel Cells 271References 2878 Electrochemical Energy Systems and Power Sources: Fuel Cells 2918.1 Introduction 2918.2 Principle of Fuel Cell Operation 2948.3 Fuel Cell Systems 2968.4 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells 3008.5 Alkaline Fuel Cells 3208.6 Medium and High Temperature Fuel Cells 3268.7 Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells 3448.8 Unitized Fuel Cells 356References 3599 Electrochemical Processes for Recycling and Resource Recovery 3639.1 Electrochemical Membrane Separations 3639.2 Electrochemical Oxidations 3809.3 Recovery and Recycling of Dissolved Metals 381References 383Index 385