Anil Markandya is Scientific Director of the Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), an Ikerbasque Research Professor, and an affiliate of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU).Ibon Galarraga is Deputy Director and Research Professor at the Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3) and an affiliate of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). Elisa Sainz de Murieta is a junior researcher at the Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3) and the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU).

Anil Markandya, one of the world's experts on the economics of climate change, has assembled a group of his peers to analyze the complex, under-researched issues involved in deciding how best to adapt to the now-unavoidable changes in climate. Adaptation to a warmer world is a very critical item on our policy agenda, one that does not have nearly the prominence that it merits. This volume is a step in redressing that imbalance. -Geoffrey Heal, Donald C. Waite III Professor of Social Enterprise, Columbia Business School, USA; Coordinating Lead Author, IPCC WGII 5th Assessment In future years, this edited volume will be seen as a landmark for its timely and important contribution to our understanding of the economics of climate change adaptation. -Edward B. Barbier, John S Bugas Professor of Economics, Department of Economics and Finance, University of Wyoming, USA This book represents a state of the art on the economics of adaptation and will be of great use to all those working in this field. -Martin Parry, Visiting Professor at Grantham Institute and Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London; Co-Chair of IPCC WGII Fourth assessment

• Part 1: Economics and Adaptation 1. Introduction to the economics of adaptation to climate change 2. State of the Art on Economics of Adaptation 3. International Cooperation on Adaptation to Climate Change Part 2: Uncertainty, Equity, Valuation and Efficiency 4. Synergies between Adaptation and Mitigation and the Complexity of REDD+ 5. Incorporating climate change into adaptation programmes and project appraisal. Strategies for Uncertainty 6. Distributional Impacts: Intra-national, international and inter-temporal aspects of equity in Adaptation 7. Discounting 8. The Role of Economic Modelling for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies 9. Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Part 3: Adaptation in Activity Sectors 10. Climate Change and the Energy Sector: Impacts and Adaptation 11. Water for Agriculture: Some Thoughs on Adaptation to Climate Change from a Policy Perspective 12. Adaptation in Agriculture 13. Adaptation in Coastal Areas 14. Climate Change Adaptation and Human Health 15. Multi-sectoral Perspective in Modelling of Climate Impacts and Adaptation 16. Flood Risk Management: Assessment for Prevention with Hydro-economic Approaches Part 4: Other Dimensions of Adaptation 17. Fast Growing Countries and Adaptation 18. Economics of Adaptation in Low-income Countries 19. Regional and Local Climate Change Adaptation Policies in Developed Countries 20. the Role of Technology in Adaptation 21. Disaster Risk Management and Adaptation to Extreme Events: Placing Disaster Risk Management at the heart of National Economic and Fiscal Policy

Anil Markandya is Scientific Director of the Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), an Ikerbasque Research Professor, and an affiliate of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU).Ibon Galarraga is Deputy Director and Research Professor at the Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3) and an affiliate of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). Elisa Sainz de Murieta is a junior researcher at the Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3) and the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU).

Anil Markandya, one of the world's experts on the economics of climate change, has assembled a group of his peers to analyze the complex, under-researched issues involved in deciding how best to adapt to the now-unavoidable changes in climate. Adaptation to a warmer world is a very critical item on our policy agenda, one that does not have nearly the prominence that it merits. This volume is a step in redressing that imbalance. -Geoffrey Heal, Donald C. Waite III Professor of Social Enterprise, Columbia Business School, USA; Coordinating Lead Author, IPCC WGII 5th Assessment In future years, this edited volume will be seen as a landmark for its timely and important contribution to our understanding of the economics of climate change adaptation. -Edward B. Barbier, John S Bugas Professor of Economics, Department of Economics and Finance, University of Wyoming, USA This book represents a state of the art on the economics of adaptation and will be of great use to all those working in this field. -Martin Parry, Visiting Professor at Grantham Institute and Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London; Co-Chair of IPCC WGII Fourth assessment

• Part 1: Economics and Adaptation 1. Introduction to the economics of adaptation to climate change 2. State of the Art on Economics of Adaptation 3. International Cooperation on Adaptation to Climate Change Part 2: Uncertainty, Equity, Valuation and Efficiency 4. Synergies between Adaptation and Mitigation and the Complexity of REDD+ 5. Incorporating climate change into adaptation programmes and project appraisal. Strategies for Uncertainty 6. Distributional Impacts: Intra-national, international and inter-temporal aspects of equity in Adaptation 7. Discounting 8. The Role of Economic Modelling for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies 9. Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Part 3: Adaptation in Activity Sectors 10. Climate Change and the Energy Sector: Impacts and Adaptation 11. Water for Agriculture: Some Thoughs on Adaptation to Climate Change from a Policy Perspective 12. Adaptation in Agriculture 13. Adaptation in Coastal Areas 14. Climate Change Adaptation and Human Health 15. Multi-sectoral Perspective in Modelling of Climate Impacts and Adaptation 16. Flood Risk Management: Assessment for Prevention with Hydro-economic Approaches Part 4: Other Dimensions of Adaptation 17. Fast Growing Countries and Adaptation 18. Economics of Adaptation in Low-income Countries 19. Regional and Local Climate Change Adaptation Policies in Developed Countries 20. the Role of Technology in Adaptation 21. Disaster Risk Management and Adaptation to Extreme Events: Placing Disaster Risk Management at the heart of National Economic and Fiscal Policy

Anil Markandya is Scientific Director of the Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), an Ikerbasque Research Professor, and an affiliate of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU).Ibon Galarraga is Deputy Director and Research Professor at the Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3) and an affiliate of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). Elisa Sainz de Murieta is a junior researcher at the Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3) and the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU).

Anil Markandya, one of the world's experts on the economics of climate change, has assembled a group of his peers to analyze the complex, under-researched issues involved in deciding how best to adapt to the now-unavoidable changes in climate. Adaptation to a warmer world is a very critical item on our policy agenda, one that does not have nearly the prominence that it merits. This volume is a step in redressing that imbalance. -Geoffrey Heal, Donald C. Waite III Professor of Social Enterprise, Columbia Business School, USA; Coordinating Lead Author, IPCC WGII 5th Assessment In future years, this edited volume will be seen as a landmark for its timely and important contribution to our understanding of the economics of climate change adaptation. -Edward B. Barbier, John S Bugas Professor of Economics, Department of Economics and Finance, University of Wyoming, USA This book represents a state of the art on the economics of adaptation and will be of great use to all those working in this field. -Martin Parry, Visiting Professor at Grantham Institute and Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London; Co-Chair of IPCC WGII Fourth assessment

• Part 1: Economics and Adaptation 1. Introduction to the economics of adaptation to climate change 2. State of the Art on Economics of Adaptation 3. International Cooperation on Adaptation to Climate Change Part 2: Uncertainty, Equity, Valuation and Efficiency 4. Synergies between Adaptation and Mitigation and the Complexity of REDD+ 5. Incorporating climate change into adaptation programmes and project appraisal. Strategies for Uncertainty 6. Distributional Impacts: Intra-national, international and inter-temporal aspects of equity in Adaptation 7. Discounting 8. The Role of Economic Modelling for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies 9. Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Part 3: Adaptation in Activity Sectors 10. Climate Change and the Energy Sector: Impacts and Adaptation 11. Water for Agriculture: Some Thoughs on Adaptation to Climate Change from a Policy Perspective 12. Adaptation in Agriculture 13. Adaptation in Coastal Areas 14. Climate Change Adaptation and Human Health 15. Multi-sectoral Perspective in Modelling of Climate Impacts and Adaptation 16. Flood Risk Management: Assessment for Prevention with Hydro-economic Approaches Part 4: Other Dimensions of Adaptation 17. Fast Growing Countries and Adaptation 18. Economics of Adaptation in Low-income Countries 19. Regional and Local Climate Change Adaptation Policies in Developed Countries 20. the Role of Technology in Adaptation 21. Disaster Risk Management and Adaptation to Extreme Events: Placing Disaster Risk Management at the heart of National Economic and Fiscal Policy