Hassan Hakimian is Professor of Economics and Director of the Middle Eastern Studies Department (MESD) at Hamad Bin Khalifa University in Qatar and Emeritus Professor at SOAS University of London. During 2010–19, he was Director of the London Middle East Institute (LMEI) and Reader in the Economics Department at SOAS University of London. Dr Hakimian is a Founding Member and a past President of the International Iranian Economic Association (IIEA), a Research Fellow and Chair of the Advisory Committee of the Economic Research Forum (ERF) in Cairo. In 2003 he launched the Routledge Political Economy of the Middle East and North Africa series.

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• 1. Introduction Hassan Hakimian Section I. Growth and Development in Comparative Perspectives 2. Explaining Growth in the Middle East Jeffrey B. Nugent 3. Is MENA Exceptional? Evidence from Structuralist and Comparative Perspectives Julia C Devlin Section II. Labour Force and Human Development 4. Arab Human Development in Comparative Context Khalid Abu-Ismail and Niranjan Sarangi 5. Private Returns to Investment in Education in MENA Countries Aysit Tansel 6. Women’s Employment and Labour Force Participation: Puzzles, Problems and Research Needs Massoud Karshenas and Valentine M. Moghadam Section III. Natural Resources, Resource Curse and Trade 7. Can the GCC Economies Escape the Oil Curse? Raimundo Soto 8. From Oil Rents to Inclusive Growth: Lessons from the MENA Region Hassan Hakimian 9. Understanding Water Conflicts in the MENA Region: A Comparative Analysis Using a Restructured Water Poverty Index Hatem Jemmali and Caroline A Sullivan 10. Trade and Economic Growth in the MENA Region: Do Trade in Goods and Trade in Services Differ in their Impact on Growth? Fida Karam and Chahir Zaki Section IV. Poverty, Inequality and Social Policy 11. Poverty and Vulnerability in the MENA Region Khalid Abu-Ismail 12. Measuring Inequality in the Middle East Facundo Alvaredo, Lydia Assouad and Thomas Piketty 13. Inequalities in Early Childhood Development in the Middle East and North Africa Caroline Krafft and Safaa El-Kogali 14. Social Policy in the MENA Region Mahmood Messkoub Section V. Institutions and Transition to Democracy 15. Religion and Politics: Why the West got Rich and the Middle East Did Not Jared Rubin 16. Islam and Economic Development David Cobham and Abdallah Zouache 17. The Arab Spring, and after: Economic Features and Policy Challenges David Cobham and Abdallah Zouache 18. The Youth Bulge: The Mismeasured, Misunderstood and Mistreated Arab Youth Zafiris Tzannatos 19. Arab Development and the Transition to Democracy Samir Makdisi Section VI. Corruption, Conflict and Refugees 20. A Pyramid of Privilege: How Cronyism Shapes Business-State Relationship in the Middle East Izak Atiyas, Ishac Diwan and Adeel Malik 21. Refugees in the MENA Region: Historical Overview, Effects and Challenges Jeffrey B. Nugent 22. Gendered Socioeconomic Impacts of Conflict in the Middle East Jennifer C. Olmsted

Hassan Hakimian is Professor of Economics and Director of the Middle Eastern Studies Department (MESD) at Hamad Bin Khalifa University in Qatar and Emeritus Professor at SOAS University of London. During 2010–19, he was Director of the London Middle East Institute (LMEI) and Reader in the Economics Department at SOAS University of London. Dr Hakimian is a Founding Member and a past President of the International Iranian Economic Association (IIEA), a Research Fellow and Chair of the Advisory Committee of the Economic Research Forum (ERF) in Cairo. In 2003 he launched the Routledge Political Economy of the Middle East and North Africa series.

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• 1. Introduction Hassan Hakimian Section I. Growth and Development in Comparative Perspectives 2. Explaining Growth in the Middle East Jeffrey B. Nugent 3. Is MENA Exceptional? Evidence from Structuralist and Comparative Perspectives Julia C Devlin Section II. Labour Force and Human Development 4. Arab Human Development in Comparative Context Khalid Abu-Ismail and Niranjan Sarangi 5. Private Returns to Investment in Education in MENA Countries Aysit Tansel 6. Women’s Employment and Labour Force Participation: Puzzles, Problems and Research Needs Massoud Karshenas and Valentine M. Moghadam Section III. Natural Resources, Resource Curse and Trade 7. Can the GCC Economies Escape the Oil Curse? Raimundo Soto 8. From Oil Rents to Inclusive Growth: Lessons from the MENA Region Hassan Hakimian 9. Understanding Water Conflicts in the MENA Region: A Comparative Analysis Using a Restructured Water Poverty Index Hatem Jemmali and Caroline A Sullivan 10. Trade and Economic Growth in the MENA Region: Do Trade in Goods and Trade in Services Differ in their Impact on Growth? Fida Karam and Chahir Zaki Section IV. Poverty, Inequality and Social Policy 11. Poverty and Vulnerability in the MENA Region Khalid Abu-Ismail 12. Measuring Inequality in the Middle East Facundo Alvaredo, Lydia Assouad and Thomas Piketty 13. Inequalities in Early Childhood Development in the Middle East and North Africa Caroline Krafft and Safaa El-Kogali 14. Social Policy in the MENA Region Mahmood Messkoub Section V. Institutions and Transition to Democracy 15. Religion and Politics: Why the West got Rich and the Middle East Did Not Jared Rubin 16. Islam and Economic Development David Cobham and Abdallah Zouache 17. The Arab Spring, and after: Economic Features and Policy Challenges David Cobham and Abdallah Zouache 18. The Youth Bulge: The Mismeasured, Misunderstood and Mistreated Arab Youth Zafiris Tzannatos 19. Arab Development and the Transition to Democracy Samir Makdisi Section VI. Corruption, Conflict and Refugees 20. A Pyramid of Privilege: How Cronyism Shapes Business-State Relationship in the Middle East Izak Atiyas, Ishac Diwan and Adeel Malik 21. Refugees in the MENA Region: Historical Overview, Effects and Challenges Jeffrey B. Nugent 22. Gendered Socioeconomic Impacts of Conflict in the Middle East Jennifer C. Olmsted

Hassan Hakimian is Professor of Economics and Director of the Middle Eastern Studies Department (MESD) at Hamad Bin Khalifa University in Qatar and Emeritus Professor at SOAS University of London. During 2010–19, he was Director of the London Middle East Institute (LMEI) and Reader in the Economics Department at SOAS University of London. Dr Hakimian is a Founding Member and a past President of the International Iranian Economic Association (IIEA), a Research Fellow and Chair of the Advisory Committee of the Economic Research Forum (ERF) in Cairo. In 2003 he launched the Routledge Political Economy of the Middle East and North Africa series.

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• 1. Introduction Hassan Hakimian Section I. Growth and Development in Comparative Perspectives 2. Explaining Growth in the Middle East Jeffrey B. Nugent 3. Is MENA Exceptional? Evidence from Structuralist and Comparative Perspectives Julia C Devlin Section II. Labour Force and Human Development 4. Arab Human Development in Comparative Context Khalid Abu-Ismail and Niranjan Sarangi 5. Private Returns to Investment in Education in MENA Countries Aysit Tansel 6. Women’s Employment and Labour Force Participation: Puzzles, Problems and Research Needs Massoud Karshenas and Valentine M. Moghadam Section III. Natural Resources, Resource Curse and Trade 7. Can the GCC Economies Escape the Oil Curse? Raimundo Soto 8. From Oil Rents to Inclusive Growth: Lessons from the MENA Region Hassan Hakimian 9. Understanding Water Conflicts in the MENA Region: A Comparative Analysis Using a Restructured Water Poverty Index Hatem Jemmali and Caroline A Sullivan 10. Trade and Economic Growth in the MENA Region: Do Trade in Goods and Trade in Services Differ in their Impact on Growth? Fida Karam and Chahir Zaki Section IV. Poverty, Inequality and Social Policy 11. Poverty and Vulnerability in the MENA Region Khalid Abu-Ismail 12. Measuring Inequality in the Middle East Facundo Alvaredo, Lydia Assouad and Thomas Piketty 13. Inequalities in Early Childhood Development in the Middle East and North Africa Caroline Krafft and Safaa El-Kogali 14. Social Policy in the MENA Region Mahmood Messkoub Section V. Institutions and Transition to Democracy 15. Religion and Politics: Why the West got Rich and the Middle East Did Not Jared Rubin 16. Islam and Economic Development David Cobham and Abdallah Zouache 17. The Arab Spring, and after: Economic Features and Policy Challenges David Cobham and Abdallah Zouache 18. The Youth Bulge: The Mismeasured, Misunderstood and Mistreated Arab Youth Zafiris Tzannatos 19. Arab Development and the Transition to Democracy Samir Makdisi Section VI. Corruption, Conflict and Refugees 20. A Pyramid of Privilege: How Cronyism Shapes Business-State Relationship in the Middle East Izak Atiyas, Ishac Diwan and Adeel Malik 21. Refugees in the MENA Region: Historical Overview, Effects and Challenges Jeffrey B. Nugent 22. Gendered Socioeconomic Impacts of Conflict in the Middle East Jennifer C. Olmsted