Minako O’Hagan, PhD, is the Discipline Convenor for Translation Studies at the School of Cultures, Languages and Linguistics at the University of Auckland in New Zealand. She specializes in applied translation studies with a technology-focus, including game localization and non-professional translation. Her publications include the co-authored Game Localization (2013). Her current research interest lies in exploring the nexus of human and machine in translation.

"This Handbook is a major milestone: a superb volume of daunting breadth and depth. It covers a huge range of relations between technology and translation/interpreting from multiple perspectives: technical, industrial, historical, sociological, ethical and ecological. Minako O’Hagan and her formidable team offer overall a striking and sometimes disturbing vision, rooted in recent history and extending towards our increasingly cyborgian future. To paraphrase the editor: what does it mean to be human, and a translator, in this technologizing age?" Andrew Chesterman, University of Helsinki, Finland"The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Technology provides a state-of-the-art overview of the dynamic, complex relationship between technology and translation in diverse and important contexts. The volume offers insights on a range of topics by addressing how technology is used, developed, and researched, which will undoubtedly be of interest to academics and industry stakeholders alike."Christopher D. Mellinger, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA

• List of IllustrationsList of Contributors AcknowledgementsChapters Introduction: Translation and technology: disruptive entanglement of human and machine Part I: Translation and Technology: Defining Underlying technology – Present and Future Standards for the language, translation, and localization industry Sue Ellen Wright XML for translation technology Johann Rotourier Terminology extraction and management Kyo Kageura and Elizabeth Marsham Building and using parallel text for translation Michel Simard Speech recognition and synthesis technologies in the translation workflow Dragoș Ciobanu and Alina Secară Part II: Translation and Technology: Users’ Perspectives Multinational language service provider as a technology user Bert Esselink Applications of technology in the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) Translation Division of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Colm Caffrey and Cristina Valentini Small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) translation service provider as a technology user: Translation in New Zealand Patrick King Freelance Translators' Perspectives Jost Zetzsche Language learners and non-professional translators as users Masaru Yamada Part III: Translation and Technology: Application in a Specific Context – Shaping Practice Technology, technical translation and localization Debbie Folaron Technology and game localization: translation behind the screens Nathan Altice Technology and non-professional translation Miguel A. Jiménez-Crespo Technological advances in audiovisual translation Jorge Díaz Cintas and Serenella Massidda Technology and interpreting Sabine Braun Technology and sign language interpreting Peter Llewellyn- Jones Translation technology and disaster management Sharon O’Brien Post-editing of Machine Translation Lucas Nunes Vieira Part IV: Translation and Technology: Research Foci and Methodologies Translation technology evaluation research Stephen Doherty Translation workplace-based research Maureen Ehrensberger- Dow and Gary Massey Translation technology research and human–computer interaction Samuel Läubli and Spence Green Sociological approaches to technology Maeve Olohan Translation technology research with eye tracking Arnt Lykke Jakobsen Part V: Translation and Technology: Overarching Issues Future of Machine Translation: musings on Weaver’s memo Alan K. Melby Quality Anthony Pym Fit-for-purpose translation Lynne Bowker Copyright and the reuse of translation as data Joss Moorkens and David Lewis Media accessibility and accessible design Aline Remael and Nina Reviers Technology and translator training Dorothy Kenny Translation, technology and climate change Michael Cronin Index

Minako O’Hagan, PhD, is the Discipline Convenor for Translation Studies at the School of Cultures, Languages and Linguistics at the University of Auckland in New Zealand. She specializes in applied translation studies with a technology-focus, including game localization and non-professional translation. Her publications include the co-authored Game Localization (2013). Her current research interest lies in exploring the nexus of human and machine in translation.

"This Handbook is a major milestone: a superb volume of daunting breadth and depth. It covers a huge range of relations between technology and translation/interpreting from multiple perspectives: technical, industrial, historical, sociological, ethical and ecological. Minako O’Hagan and her formidable team offer overall a striking and sometimes disturbing vision, rooted in recent history and extending towards our increasingly cyborgian future. To paraphrase the editor: what does it mean to be human, and a translator, in this technologizing age?" Andrew Chesterman, University of Helsinki, Finland"The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Technology provides a state-of-the-art overview of the dynamic, complex relationship between technology and translation in diverse and important contexts. The volume offers insights on a range of topics by addressing how technology is used, developed, and researched, which will undoubtedly be of interest to academics and industry stakeholders alike."Christopher D. Mellinger, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA

• List of IllustrationsList of Contributors AcknowledgementsChapters Introduction: Translation and technology: disruptive entanglement of human and machine Part I: Translation and Technology: Defining Underlying technology – Present and Future Standards for the language, translation, and localization industry Sue Ellen Wright XML for translation technology Johann Rotourier Terminology extraction and management Kyo Kageura and Elizabeth Marsham Building and using parallel text for translation Michel Simard Speech recognition and synthesis technologies in the translation workflow Dragoș Ciobanu and Alina Secară Part II: Translation and Technology: Users’ Perspectives Multinational language service provider as a technology user Bert Esselink Applications of technology in the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) Translation Division of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Colm Caffrey and Cristina Valentini Small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) translation service provider as a technology user: Translation in New Zealand Patrick King Freelance Translators' Perspectives Jost Zetzsche Language learners and non-professional translators as users Masaru Yamada Part III: Translation and Technology: Application in a Specific Context – Shaping Practice Technology, technical translation and localization Debbie Folaron Technology and game localization: translation behind the screens Nathan Altice Technology and non-professional translation Miguel A. Jiménez-Crespo Technological advances in audiovisual translation Jorge Díaz Cintas and Serenella Massidda Technology and interpreting Sabine Braun Technology and sign language interpreting Peter Llewellyn- Jones Translation technology and disaster management Sharon O’Brien Post-editing of Machine Translation Lucas Nunes Vieira Part IV: Translation and Technology: Research Foci and Methodologies Translation technology evaluation research Stephen Doherty Translation workplace-based research Maureen Ehrensberger- Dow and Gary Massey Translation technology research and human–computer interaction Samuel Läubli and Spence Green Sociological approaches to technology Maeve Olohan Translation technology research with eye tracking Arnt Lykke Jakobsen Part V: Translation and Technology: Overarching Issues Future of Machine Translation: musings on Weaver’s memo Alan K. Melby Quality Anthony Pym Fit-for-purpose translation Lynne Bowker Copyright and the reuse of translation as data Joss Moorkens and David Lewis Media accessibility and accessible design Aline Remael and Nina Reviers Technology and translator training Dorothy Kenny Translation, technology and climate change Michael Cronin Index

Minako O’Hagan, PhD, is the Discipline Convenor for Translation Studies at the School of Cultures, Languages and Linguistics at the University of Auckland in New Zealand. She specializes in applied translation studies with a technology-focus, including game localization and non-professional translation. Her publications include the co-authored Game Localization (2013). Her current research interest lies in exploring the nexus of human and machine in translation.

"This Handbook is a major milestone: a superb volume of daunting breadth and depth. It covers a huge range of relations between technology and translation/interpreting from multiple perspectives: technical, industrial, historical, sociological, ethical and ecological. Minako O’Hagan and her formidable team offer overall a striking and sometimes disturbing vision, rooted in recent history and extending towards our increasingly cyborgian future. To paraphrase the editor: what does it mean to be human, and a translator, in this technologizing age?" Andrew Chesterman, University of Helsinki, Finland"The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Technology provides a state-of-the-art overview of the dynamic, complex relationship between technology and translation in diverse and important contexts. The volume offers insights on a range of topics by addressing how technology is used, developed, and researched, which will undoubtedly be of interest to academics and industry stakeholders alike."Christopher D. Mellinger, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA

• List of IllustrationsList of Contributors AcknowledgementsChapters Introduction: Translation and technology: disruptive entanglement of human and machine Part I: Translation and Technology: Defining Underlying technology – Present and Future Standards for the language, translation, and localization industry Sue Ellen Wright XML for translation technology Johann Rotourier Terminology extraction and management Kyo Kageura and Elizabeth Marsham Building and using parallel text for translation Michel Simard Speech recognition and synthesis technologies in the translation workflow Dragoș Ciobanu and Alina Secară Part II: Translation and Technology: Users’ Perspectives Multinational language service provider as a technology user Bert Esselink Applications of technology in the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) Translation Division of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Colm Caffrey and Cristina Valentini Small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) translation service provider as a technology user: Translation in New Zealand Patrick King Freelance Translators' Perspectives Jost Zetzsche Language learners and non-professional translators as users Masaru Yamada Part III: Translation and Technology: Application in a Specific Context – Shaping Practice Technology, technical translation and localization Debbie Folaron Technology and game localization: translation behind the screens Nathan Altice Technology and non-professional translation Miguel A. Jiménez-Crespo Technological advances in audiovisual translation Jorge Díaz Cintas and Serenella Massidda Technology and interpreting Sabine Braun Technology and sign language interpreting Peter Llewellyn- Jones Translation technology and disaster management Sharon O’Brien Post-editing of Machine Translation Lucas Nunes Vieira Part IV: Translation and Technology: Research Foci and Methodologies Translation technology evaluation research Stephen Doherty Translation workplace-based research Maureen Ehrensberger- Dow and Gary Massey Translation technology research and human–computer interaction Samuel Läubli and Spence Green Sociological approaches to technology Maeve Olohan Translation technology research with eye tracking Arnt Lykke Jakobsen Part V: Translation and Technology: Overarching Issues Future of Machine Translation: musings on Weaver’s memo Alan K. Melby Quality Anthony Pym Fit-for-purpose translation Lynne Bowker Copyright and the reuse of translation as data Joss Moorkens and David Lewis Media accessibility and accessible design Aline Remael and Nina Reviers Technology and translator training Dorothy Kenny Translation, technology and climate change Michael Cronin Index