Rana Nayar is Professor (Retired) from the Department of English & Cultural Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh in 2017. His main areas of interest are World Drama/Theatre, Translation Studies, Literary Theory and Cultural Studies. A practising translator of repute (Charles Wallace India Trust Fellow & Sahitya Akademi Prize Winner), he has rendered around 12 modern classics of Punjabi into English. These include novels, short stories and poetry and range across the works of Gurdial Singh, Mohan Bhandari, Raghbir Dhand and Beeba Balwant, published by Macmillan, National Book Trust, Sahitya Akademi, Sterling, Fiction House, Katha, Rupa and Unistar et al. He also has one collection of poems Breathing Spaces (Unistar, Chandigarh) and four critical books, i.e., Edward Albee: Towards a Typology of Relationships (Prestige, New Delhi, 2003), Inter-sections: Essays on Indian Literatures, Translations and Popular Consciousness (Hyderabad: Orient BlackSwan, 2012), Gurdial Singh: A Reader (New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 2012) and Cultural Studies in India (New York, London, New Delhi: Routledge, 2016), an anthology, edited along with Pushpinder Syal and Akshaya Kumar, to his credit. A committed theatre lover, he has directed over 20 major full-length productions, and has acted in almost as many.Alpna Saini is Professor of English at Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India. Her areas of interest include gender studies, cultural studies, Indian drama, Indian cinema and translation studies. She translates from Punjabi and Hindi into English and vice versa. She has extensively published research articles and translations from Punjabi and Hindi to English. She has published a book of critical essays on the drama of Girish Karnad titled Subjectivity as a Locus of Conflicts in Girish Karnad: a Discussion of his Plays. She has also edited and introduced a book titled Negotiating Boundaries: A Study of Bushra Ejaz’s Writings with Neetu Purohit. Her most recent work of translation was Blood Flowers: Selected Poems of Harbhajan Singh Hundal which she co-edited with Rajesh Sharma.Tania Bansal completed her PHD in Comparative Literature from Central University of Punjab, Bathinda in 2017. After serving on the faculty of Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, she moved to Akal University, Talwandi Sabo (Punjab). Currently she is serving as Assistant Professor at Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali. Her research interests are new historicism, feminism, partition history and translation.

• AcknowledgementsTranslator’s NoteAlpna SainiIntroductionRana NayarSection-I: Background and OverviewPunjabi Language: Evolution, Growth and Possibilities1. The History of Punjabi LanguagePyara Singh Padam2. Literary Development of Punjabi LanguageVidya Bhaskar ArunPunjabi Literature: A Historical Survey3. Main Trends in Punjabi Literature Parminder Singh, Kirpal Singh Kasel, Gobind Singh LambaProblematics of Punjabi Literary History and Historiography4. Methods and Problems in Writing the History of Punjabi LiteratureSant Singh SekhonPunjabi Culture5. Punjabi Language, Literature and CultureT.R. Vinod6. The Culture(s) of PunjabGurbax Singh Frank:Punjabi Folk Literature7. Folklore and LiteratureSohinder Singh Bedi8. Dynamics of Creative Process in Folk LiteratureNahar SinghSection-II: Theorising Medieval Literary FormsLiterature of the Medieval Age9. Folklore and Medieval Punjabi LiteratureKarnail S. ThindGurmat Literature10. Gurmat Poetry - Tradition and Multiple PerspectivesJagbir Singh11. The World of Gurbani – Principles of InterpretationJagbir SinghAesthetics of Gurmat Literature12. The Poetic Form in the Philosophy of Guru Granth SahibGopal Singh13. Literary History of Shri Guru Granth SahibTaaran SinghSufi Literature14. Critical Reflections on Punjabi Sufi PoetryHaribhajan Singh15. The Poetic Universe of the SufisHaribhajan SinghPunjabi Narrative Traditions16. Origin and Development of Punjabi Prose in the Medieval TimesGurcharan Singh17. Qissas and Romance: A Historical Perspective Sant Singh SekhonSection-III: Theorising Modern Literary FormsPunjabi Literature of the Modern Age18. An Overview of New Punjabi LiteratureKartar Singh DuggalModern Punjabi Poetry19. Reading Modern Punjabi Poetry - From Bhai Vir Singh to Surjit PatarTejwant Singh GillModern Punjabi Fiction20. Theoretical Possibilities in the Modern Punjabi NovelJ.S. Rahi21. A Critical Study of the Punjabi NovelNiranjan TasneemModern Punjabi Drama22. History of Punjabi DramaSatish Kumar Verma23. Rethinking Punjabi DramaSatish Kumar VermaSection-IV: Theorising Contemporary Issues in Punjabi LiteratureProgressive Punjabi Literature and Marxist Aesthetics 24. Poetry and Social CriticismSant Singh Sekhon25. Contemporary Progressive LiteratureKishan SinghPunjabi Meta Criticism26. Punjabi Meta Criticism: Past and PresentHarbhajan Singh BhatiaPunjabi Literature and Feminist Movement27. Punjabi Diasporic Fiction – A Feminist PerspectiveDhanwant Kaur28. The Linguistic Revival of Punjabi FeminismFakhra HassanPunjabi Literature and Dalit Aesthetics 29. Existence, Identity and Beyond - Tracing the Contours of Dalit Literature in PunjabiParamjit S. Judge30. Contemporary Punjabi Dalit Poetry: A Distinct Ideological DiscourseYograjList of ContributorsIndex

Rana Nayar is Professor (Retired) from the Department of English & Cultural Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh in 2017. His main areas of interest are World Drama/Theatre, Translation Studies, Literary Theory and Cultural Studies. A practising translator of repute (Charles Wallace India Trust Fellow & Sahitya Akademi Prize Winner), he has rendered around 12 modern classics of Punjabi into English. These include novels, short stories and poetry and range across the works of Gurdial Singh, Mohan Bhandari, Raghbir Dhand and Beeba Balwant, published by Macmillan, National Book Trust, Sahitya Akademi, Sterling, Fiction House, Katha, Rupa and Unistar et al. He also has one collection of poems Breathing Spaces (Unistar, Chandigarh) and four critical books, i.e., Edward Albee: Towards a Typology of Relationships (Prestige, New Delhi, 2003), Inter-sections: Essays on Indian Literatures, Translations and Popular Consciousness (Hyderabad: Orient BlackSwan, 2012), Gurdial Singh: A Reader (New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 2012) and Cultural Studies in India (New York, London, New Delhi: Routledge, 2016), an anthology, edited along with Pushpinder Syal and Akshaya Kumar, to his credit. A committed theatre lover, he has directed over 20 major full-length productions, and has acted in almost as many.Alpna Saini is Professor of English at Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India. Her areas of interest include gender studies, cultural studies, Indian drama, Indian cinema and translation studies. She translates from Punjabi and Hindi into English and vice versa. She has extensively published research articles and translations from Punjabi and Hindi to English. She has published a book of critical essays on the drama of Girish Karnad titled Subjectivity as a Locus of Conflicts in Girish Karnad: a Discussion of his Plays. She has also edited and introduced a book titled Negotiating Boundaries: A Study of Bushra Ejaz’s Writings with Neetu Purohit. Her most recent work of translation was Blood Flowers: Selected Poems of Harbhajan Singh Hundal which she co-edited with Rajesh Sharma.Tania Bansal completed her PHD in Comparative Literature from Central University of Punjab, Bathinda in 2017. After serving on the faculty of Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, she moved to Akal University, Talwandi Sabo (Punjab). Currently she is serving as Assistant Professor at Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali. Her research interests are new historicism, feminism, partition history and translation.

• AcknowledgementsTranslator’s NoteAlpna SainiIntroductionRana NayarSection-I: Background and OverviewPunjabi Language: Evolution, Growth and Possibilities1. The History of Punjabi LanguagePyara Singh Padam2. Literary Development of Punjabi LanguageVidya Bhaskar ArunPunjabi Literature: A Historical Survey3. Main Trends in Punjabi Literature Parminder Singh, Kirpal Singh Kasel, Gobind Singh LambaProblematics of Punjabi Literary History and Historiography4. Methods and Problems in Writing the History of Punjabi LiteratureSant Singh SekhonPunjabi Culture5. Punjabi Language, Literature and CultureT.R. Vinod6. The Culture(s) of PunjabGurbax Singh Frank:Punjabi Folk Literature7. Folklore and LiteratureSohinder Singh Bedi8. Dynamics of Creative Process in Folk LiteratureNahar SinghSection-II: Theorising Medieval Literary FormsLiterature of the Medieval Age9. Folklore and Medieval Punjabi LiteratureKarnail S. ThindGurmat Literature10. Gurmat Poetry - Tradition and Multiple PerspectivesJagbir Singh11. The World of Gurbani – Principles of InterpretationJagbir SinghAesthetics of Gurmat Literature12. The Poetic Form in the Philosophy of Guru Granth SahibGopal Singh13. Literary History of Shri Guru Granth SahibTaaran SinghSufi Literature14. Critical Reflections on Punjabi Sufi PoetryHaribhajan Singh15. The Poetic Universe of the SufisHaribhajan SinghPunjabi Narrative Traditions16. Origin and Development of Punjabi Prose in the Medieval TimesGurcharan Singh17. Qissas and Romance: A Historical Perspective Sant Singh SekhonSection-III: Theorising Modern Literary FormsPunjabi Literature of the Modern Age18. An Overview of New Punjabi LiteratureKartar Singh DuggalModern Punjabi Poetry19. Reading Modern Punjabi Poetry - From Bhai Vir Singh to Surjit PatarTejwant Singh GillModern Punjabi Fiction20. Theoretical Possibilities in the Modern Punjabi NovelJ.S. Rahi21. A Critical Study of the Punjabi NovelNiranjan TasneemModern Punjabi Drama22. History of Punjabi DramaSatish Kumar Verma23. Rethinking Punjabi DramaSatish Kumar VermaSection-IV: Theorising Contemporary Issues in Punjabi LiteratureProgressive Punjabi Literature and Marxist Aesthetics 24. Poetry and Social CriticismSant Singh Sekhon25. Contemporary Progressive LiteratureKishan SinghPunjabi Meta Criticism26. Punjabi Meta Criticism: Past and PresentHarbhajan Singh BhatiaPunjabi Literature and Feminist Movement27. Punjabi Diasporic Fiction – A Feminist PerspectiveDhanwant Kaur28. The Linguistic Revival of Punjabi FeminismFakhra HassanPunjabi Literature and Dalit Aesthetics 29. Existence, Identity and Beyond - Tracing the Contours of Dalit Literature in PunjabiParamjit S. Judge30. Contemporary Punjabi Dalit Poetry: A Distinct Ideological DiscourseYograjList of ContributorsIndex

Rana Nayar is Professor (Retired) from the Department of English & Cultural Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh in 2017. His main areas of interest are World Drama/Theatre, Translation Studies, Literary Theory and Cultural Studies. A practising translator of repute (Charles Wallace India Trust Fellow & Sahitya Akademi Prize Winner), he has rendered around 12 modern classics of Punjabi into English. These include novels, short stories and poetry and range across the works of Gurdial Singh, Mohan Bhandari, Raghbir Dhand and Beeba Balwant, published by Macmillan, National Book Trust, Sahitya Akademi, Sterling, Fiction House, Katha, Rupa and Unistar et al. He also has one collection of poems Breathing Spaces (Unistar, Chandigarh) and four critical books, i.e., Edward Albee: Towards a Typology of Relationships (Prestige, New Delhi, 2003), Inter-sections: Essays on Indian Literatures, Translations and Popular Consciousness (Hyderabad: Orient BlackSwan, 2012), Gurdial Singh: A Reader (New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 2012) and Cultural Studies in India (New York, London, New Delhi: Routledge, 2016), an anthology, edited along with Pushpinder Syal and Akshaya Kumar, to his credit. A committed theatre lover, he has directed over 20 major full-length productions, and has acted in almost as many.Alpna Saini is Professor of English at Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India. Her areas of interest include gender studies, cultural studies, Indian drama, Indian cinema and translation studies. She translates from Punjabi and Hindi into English and vice versa. She has extensively published research articles and translations from Punjabi and Hindi to English. She has published a book of critical essays on the drama of Girish Karnad titled Subjectivity as a Locus of Conflicts in Girish Karnad: a Discussion of his Plays. She has also edited and introduced a book titled Negotiating Boundaries: A Study of Bushra Ejaz’s Writings with Neetu Purohit. Her most recent work of translation was Blood Flowers: Selected Poems of Harbhajan Singh Hundal which she co-edited with Rajesh Sharma.Tania Bansal completed her PHD in Comparative Literature from Central University of Punjab, Bathinda in 2017. After serving on the faculty of Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, she moved to Akal University, Talwandi Sabo (Punjab). Currently she is serving as Assistant Professor at Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali. Her research interests are new historicism, feminism, partition history and translation.

• AcknowledgementsTranslator’s NoteAlpna SainiIntroductionRana NayarSection-I: Background and OverviewPunjabi Language: Evolution, Growth and Possibilities1. The History of Punjabi LanguagePyara Singh Padam2. Literary Development of Punjabi LanguageVidya Bhaskar ArunPunjabi Literature: A Historical Survey3. Main Trends in Punjabi Literature Parminder Singh, Kirpal Singh Kasel, Gobind Singh LambaProblematics of Punjabi Literary History and Historiography4. Methods and Problems in Writing the History of Punjabi LiteratureSant Singh SekhonPunjabi Culture5. Punjabi Language, Literature and CultureT.R. Vinod6. The Culture(s) of PunjabGurbax Singh Frank:Punjabi Folk Literature7. Folklore and LiteratureSohinder Singh Bedi8. Dynamics of Creative Process in Folk LiteratureNahar SinghSection-II: Theorising Medieval Literary FormsLiterature of the Medieval Age9. Folklore and Medieval Punjabi LiteratureKarnail S. ThindGurmat Literature10. Gurmat Poetry - Tradition and Multiple PerspectivesJagbir Singh11. The World of Gurbani – Principles of InterpretationJagbir SinghAesthetics of Gurmat Literature12. The Poetic Form in the Philosophy of Guru Granth SahibGopal Singh13. Literary History of Shri Guru Granth SahibTaaran SinghSufi Literature14. Critical Reflections on Punjabi Sufi PoetryHaribhajan Singh15. The Poetic Universe of the SufisHaribhajan SinghPunjabi Narrative Traditions16. Origin and Development of Punjabi Prose in the Medieval TimesGurcharan Singh17. Qissas and Romance: A Historical Perspective Sant Singh SekhonSection-III: Theorising Modern Literary FormsPunjabi Literature of the Modern Age18. An Overview of New Punjabi LiteratureKartar Singh DuggalModern Punjabi Poetry19. Reading Modern Punjabi Poetry - From Bhai Vir Singh to Surjit PatarTejwant Singh GillModern Punjabi Fiction20. Theoretical Possibilities in the Modern Punjabi NovelJ.S. Rahi21. A Critical Study of the Punjabi NovelNiranjan TasneemModern Punjabi Drama22. History of Punjabi DramaSatish Kumar Verma23. Rethinking Punjabi DramaSatish Kumar VermaSection-IV: Theorising Contemporary Issues in Punjabi LiteratureProgressive Punjabi Literature and Marxist Aesthetics 24. Poetry and Social CriticismSant Singh Sekhon25. Contemporary Progressive LiteratureKishan SinghPunjabi Meta Criticism26. Punjabi Meta Criticism: Past and PresentHarbhajan Singh BhatiaPunjabi Literature and Feminist Movement27. Punjabi Diasporic Fiction – A Feminist PerspectiveDhanwant Kaur28. The Linguistic Revival of Punjabi FeminismFakhra HassanPunjabi Literature and Dalit Aesthetics 29. Existence, Identity and Beyond - Tracing the Contours of Dalit Literature in PunjabiParamjit S. Judge30. Contemporary Punjabi Dalit Poetry: A Distinct Ideological DiscourseYograjList of ContributorsIndex