Mood Disorders

Ather Munner, MD, is assistant professor of psychiatry at the Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad. He has published papers in numerous journals, and is a member of the Pakistan Psychiatric Society and the European Psychiatric Association.

• Table of ContentsChapter 1: Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar DisorderIntroductionSigns and SymptomsDiagnosis of Mood DisordersMajor Depressive DisorderBipolar DisorderSeasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)ConclusionChapter 2: Major Mood Disorders: Differentiating FeaturesIntroductionAllostatic Load Model of Mood DisordersMood Disorders as Systemic AilmentsDifferentiating Features of Unipolar and Bipolar DepressionAffective Ailments as Spectrum DisordersPsychometric ScalesHow to Differentiate Between Unipolar and Bipolar Depression?Catatonic Symptoms of Mood DisordersConclusionChapter 3: Cormorbidity in Mood DisordersIntroductionThe Relation Between Mood Disorders and Inflammatory ComorbidityMechanisms Linking Immune-Inflammatory Imbalance to GMC in Mood DisordersTherapeutic ConsiderationsConclusionChapter 4: Etiology- The Role of EpigeneticsIntroductionThe Relationship Between Mood Disorders and InflammationThe Biological Mechanisms Linking Mood Disorders and InflammationNeuronal PlasticityChildhood Abuse and Mood DisordersThe Link Between Childhood Trauma and InflammationChildhood Trauma and Neuronal PlasticityThe Epigenetic LinkFuture DirectionsConclusionChapter 5: Neurobiology of Mood Disorders- The Circadian ConnectionIntroductionMood Disorders and the Circadian SystemThe Neurobiology of the Circadian SystemConclusionChapter 6: Pathogenesis of Mood Disorders- The Neuroinflammatory HypothesisIntroductionNeuroinflammation- The Role of CytokinesInflammation, Kynurenines and Mood DisordersPurported Model of DepressionOxidative StressConclusionChapter 7: Mood Disorders- Staging and NeuroprogressionIntroductionDevelopmental Trajectory and Clinical Heterogeneity of Mood DisordersNeuroprogression as the Basis for Staging Mood DisordersAllostatic Load and NeuroprogressionBiomarkers of Mood DisordersStaging Models of BDStaging Model for MDDTherapeutic Implications of StagingLimitations of the Staging ModelsConclusionChapter 8: The Management of Treatment Resistant Depression- Monoamines and BeyondIntroductionSwitching or Combining 1st Line Antidepressants for TRDCombining Atypical Antipsychotics with Standard Antidepressants Voritoxetine in TRDTargeting Other Pathways in TRDConclusionChapter 9: Treatment of Bipolar Depression- The Current PerspectiveIntroductionLithium and AnticonvulsantsAtypical AntipsychoticsConclusionChapter 10: Manic Phase of Bipolar Disorder- Treatment RecommendationsIntroductionDiagnosis of ManiaTreatment of ManiaMaintenance TreatmentConclusionChapter 11: Mood Disorders- Non-Pharmacological TreatmentsIntroductionPsychoeducationCognitive Behavioral TherapyInterpersonal and Social Rhythm TherapyDialectical Behavior TherapyMindfulness-Based Cognitive TherapyFamily TherapiesFuture Directions in Research on Psychological TreatmentsConclusion