Darkest Sides of Politics, I

Jeffrey M. Bale is Professor in the Nonproliferation and Terrorism Studies Program at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, USA.

"Drawing from a remarkably broad array of sources and cases, Jeffrey Bale sheds light on the politics, tactics and ideology of various extremist groups in Europe's recent history. Masterful." - Lorenzo Vidino, Director, Program on Extremism, George Washington University, USA. "In an age where ahistorical tunnel visions, politically corrected half-truths, and socially mediated platitudes dominate the understanding of extremism, and where specialist academic insights have been devalued by an abundance of journalistic counterfeits, this is a refreshing volume, exciting even. Anyone keen to get to grips with the threat posed by the contemporary far-right or appreciate its long-term roots without recourse to sensationalist clichés is recommended to start here. With its companion volume covering more recent developments, The Darkest Sides of Politics is a rare example of a history of post-1945 extremism by someone with the language-ability, scholarship, passion for forensic investigation, and iconoclastic attitude towards established and establishment perspectives that are needed to reconstruct violent events on the right with due regard to their profound socio-political, ideological, and religious drivers. It is the sort of book that counter-terrorism agencies should read, but almost certainly will not." - Roger Griffin, Oxford Brookes University, UK."Jeffrey Bale is the world’s leading expert on right-wing terrorism and one of the most scrupulous and intellectually provocative researchers in modern social sciences. This long-awaited volume is a meticulously researched, uniquely informative and genuinely fascinating treatise of post-war international fascism and extremist subversion in Europe and elsewhere." Anton Shekhovtsov, author of Russia and the Western Far Right: Tango Noir"I know of no other expert worldwide with the depth and breadth of knowledge of extremist ideologies possessed by Dr. Bale. The Darkest Sides of Politics reveals what for many readers – even seasoned scholars – will be new facets of the complex undercurrents of political extremism that plague global society."Gary Ackerman, Ph.D., Director, Unconventional Weapons and Technology Division, National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), USA.

• 1 Introduction: ideologies, extremist ideologies, and terrorist violence2 Political paranoia versus political realism: on distinguishing between bogus conspiracy theories and genuine conspiratorial politics3 Postwar neo-fascist internationals, part 1: Nazi escape networks, the Mouvement Social Europeenne, Europaische Neu-Ordnung, and Jeune Europe4 Postwar "neo-fascist" internationals, part 2: Aginter Presse and the "strategy of tension" in Italy5 The December 1970 "Borghese coup" in Rome6 The May 1973 terrorist attack at Milan police HQ: anarchist ‘propaganda of the deed’ or ‘false-flag’ provocation?7 Concluding thoughts on the terrorist "strategy of tension" in Italy8 The ultranationalist right in Turkey and the attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II9 ‘National revolutionary’ groupuscules and the resurgence of ‘left-wing’ fascism: the case of France’s Nouvelle Resistance