English and Korean in Contrast

JONG-BOK KIM is Professor in the Department of English Linguistics and Literature at Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea. His publications include Syntactic Constructions in English, English Syntax: An Introduction, The Syntactic Structure of Korean: A Construction Grammar Perspective, and numerous papers in top-tier domestic and international journals. He is also an Alexander von Humboldt Research Award Winner and a Distinguished Research Fellow of National Research Foundation of Korea.

• Preface xiiiAbbreviations xv1 Linguistic Differences: Where Do They Come From? 11.1 Linguistic Differences 11.2 Cultural Differences 31.3 Why Contrastive Analyses? 51.4 What This Book Is About 62 Sounds and Writing Systems: How to Speak and Write 92.1 Introduction 92.2 English Sound Systems 102.3 Korean Hangul Alphabet and Romanization 132.4 Korean Sound Systems 152.5 Syllable Structures 182.6 Suprasegmental Features 212.7 Contrastive Notes 232.8 Conclusion 253 Words: Where Every Sentence Begins 293.1 Introduction 293.2 English Parts of Speech 293.3 Korean Parts of Speech 373.4 Expanding Verbals and Nominals 473.5 Contrastive Notes 533.6 Conclusion 564 Phrases: Combining Words and Building Larger Expressions 614.1 Introduction 614.2 Main Phrases in English 624.3 Phrases in Korean 694.4 Complex Phrases: Expanding the Size of Phrases 794.5 Contrastive Notes 804.6 Conclusion 835 Grammar Rules: Constructing Sentences 875.1 Form and Function 875.2 Grammatical Functions 885.3 Mapping between Grammatical Function and Form 925.4 English Grammar Rules 935.5 Korean Grammar Rules 1015.6 Contrastive Notes 1085.7 Conclusion 1116 Tense and Aspect: Describing When and How a Situation Happens 1156.1 Ways to Describe an Event 1156.2 How to Describe an Event in English 1186.3 How to Describe an Event in Korean 1266.4 Contrastive Notes 1376.5 Conclusion 1397 Auxiliary Systems: Helping Main Verbs 1437.1 Introduction 1437.2 English Auxiliary System 1447.3 Korean Auxiliary System 1527.4 Contrastive Notes 1627.5 Conclusion 1658 Passive: Performing an Action or Being Acted Upon 1698.1 Introduction 1698.2 English Passive Constructions 1708.3 Korean Passive Constructions 1788.4 Contrastive Notes 1908.5 Conclusion 1929 Interrogative Constructions: Asking a Question 1959.1 Clausal Types and Interrogatives 1959.2 English Interrogatives 1969.3 Korean Interrogatives 2089.4 Contrastive Notes 2209.5 Conclusion 22210 Relative Clauses: Building Bigger Nominal Expressions 22710.1 Modifying an NP in the Postnominal Position 22710.2 Relative Clauses in English 22810.3 Relative Clauses in Korean 23810.4 Contrastive Notes 24910.5 Conclusion 25111 Topic and Focus: Specifying Given and New Information 25511.1 Introduction 25511.2 Topic Constructions in English 25611.3 Topic Constructions in Korean 25911.4 Focus Constructions in English 26811.5 Focus Constructions in Korean 27411.6 Contrastive Notes 28311.7 Conclusion 28612 Comparative Constructions: Comparing Two Things or Situations 28912.1 Introduction 28912.2 English Comparatives 29012.3 Korean Comparatives 29412.4 Contrastive Notes 30512.5 Conclusion 30713 Agreement: Harmonizing Together 31113.1 Introduction 31113.2 Agreement in English 31213.3 Agreement in Korean 31613.4 Contrastive Notes 32113.5 Conclusion 32214 Figurative Languages and Metaphors: Those We Live By 32514.1 Literal vs. Figurative Uses in English 32514.2 Metaphors in English 32714.3 Figurative Speech in Korean 33014.4 Metaphors in Korean 33214.5 Contrastive Notes 33614.6 Conclusion 338Exercises 338Bibliography 343Index 353