The authors Spencer D. Wade, DDS, MS is a Clinical Assistant Professor at the New York University College of Dentistry in New York, New York, USA. Caroline M. Sawicki, DDS, PhD is a Clinical Assistant Professor at the University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Megann K. Smiley, DMD, MS is in private practice located in Columbus, Ohio, USA. Michael A. Cuddy, DMD is an Associate Professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Steven Vukas, DMD, MD is an Assistant Professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Paul J. Schwartz, DMD is an Assistant Professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

• Editorial Board xiAcknowledgments and Contributors xiiiPreface xivOral/Written Boards xvDentist Contributions to Anesthesiology xviiGlossary of Abbreviations xviiiSection 1 Statistics I Physics I Equipment 11.1 Statistics 31.2 Anesthetic Monitoring Standards 51.3 Pulse Oximetry 61.4 Electrocardiography 71.5 Blood Pressure Monitors 91.6 Temperature Monitoring 111.7 Ventilation Monitoring 121.8 Capnograms 131.9 Fluid and Gas Physics 151.10 Medical Gas 161.11 Mapleson Circuit 171.12 Circle System 181.13 Anesthesia Machine Safety Features 191.14 Vaporizer 211.15 Ventilator 231.16 Infusion Pump 24Section 2 Anatomy I Physiology 252.1 Body Fluids 272.2 Intravenous Fluids 282.3 Head and Neck Blood Supply 292.4 Sensory Nerves 302.5 Cranial Nerves 312.6 Neuromuscular Junction 352.7 Parasympathetic Nervous System 362.8 Sympathetic Nervous System 372.9 Brain 392.10 Spinal Cord 412.11 Cardiac 422.12 Pulmonary 462.13 Renal 492.14 Hepatic and Biliary 512.15 Gastrointestinal 522.16 Pancreas 532.17 Thyroid 542.18 Parathyroid 552.19 Adrenal Gland 562.20 Vascular 572.21 Hematology 58Section 3 Preoperative Assessment 613.1 Psychology 633.2 Sedation Levels 643.3 ASA Physical Status Classification 653.4 Preoperative Cardiac Testing 673.5 Preoperative Pulmonary Testing 703.6 Preoperative Labs 733.7 Airway Evaluation 77Section 4 Outpatient Medications 814.1 Antibiotic Prophylaxis 834.2 Smoking 854.3 Substance Use Disorder Treatment 864.4 Antiplatelets 884.5 Anticoagulants 904.6 Antihypertensives 924.7 Diuretics 944.8 Antidysrhythmics 964.9 Pulmonary 974.10 Non-Insulin Hypoglycemics 994.11 Insulin 1014.12 Antidepressants 1034.13 Psychiatric 1054.14 Neurologic 1064.15 Gastrointestinal 1074.16 Glucocorticosteroids 1084.17 Other Medications 109Section 5 The Perioperative Pharmacology 1155.1 Inhalational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics 1175.2 Inhalational Agents 1205.3 Intravenous Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics 1225.4 Intravenous Induction Agents 1245.5 Benzodiazepines 1265.6 Opioids 1285.7 Non-opioid IV Analgesics 1315.8 Neuromuscular Monitoring 1335.9 Neuromuscular Blocking Agents 1355.10 Neuromuscular Reversal Agents 1375.11 Hypertensive Agents 1395.12 Antihypertensive Agents 1425.13 Antidysrhythmics 145Section 6 Adult Disease and Syndromes 1536.1 Neurologic Disease 1556.2 Cardiac Disease 1606.3 Valvular Disease 1636.4 Bradydysrhythmias 1666.5 Tachydysrhythmias 1686.6 Cardiac Conduction Defects 1716.7 Cardiac Equipment and Transplants 1756.8 Vascular Disease 1796.9 Pulmonary Disease 1816.10 Neuromuscular Disease 1836.11 Renal Disease 1856.12 Liver and Biliary Disease 1876.13 Gastrointestinal Disease 1896.14 Endocrine Disease 1916.15 Hematologic Disease 1966.16 Orthopedic Disease 1996.17 Immune Disease 2016.18 Connective Tissue Disease 204Section 7 Pediatric Disease and Syndromes 2117.1 Pediatric Anatomy and Physiology 2137.2 Neonatal/Newborn Disorders 2157.3 Congenital Heart Defects 2247.4 Childhood Disorders 2287.5 Syndromes 236Section 8 Perioperative Emergencies and Urgencies 2458.1 Cardiac 2488.2 Respiratory 2488.3 Neuro 2488.4 Metabolic 2488.5 Other 248Section 9 Dental Specifics 2799.1 Common Drug Dosing 2819.2 Local Anesthetics 2839.3 Topical Local Anesthetics 2869.4 Vasoconstrictors 2879.5 Local Anesthesia for the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) 2889.6 Natural Guarded Airway (NGA) 2909.7 Noninvasive Oxygen Delivery Systems 2929.8 Airway Adjuncts 2949.9 Supraglottic Airways 2969.10 Endotracheal Tubes 2989.11 Laryngoscopy 3009.12 Fiberoptic Intubation (FOI) 3029.13 Submental Intubation 3049.14 Deliberate Hypotensive Anesthesia 3059.15 Legal Considerations 306Section 10 Oral Maxillofacial Surgery 30910.1 Odontogenic Infections 31110.2 Orthognathic Surgery 31310.3 Obstructive Sleep Apnea 31510.4 Oral Reconstruction 31810.5 Temporomandibular Joint Disorders 32010.6 Trauma 32210.7 Cricothyrotomy 32610.8 Tracheostomy 32710.9 Facial Plastic Surgery 328Index 331

The authors Spencer D. Wade, DDS, MS is a Clinical Assistant Professor at the New York University College of Dentistry in New York, New York, USA. Caroline M. Sawicki, DDS, PhD is a Clinical Assistant Professor at the University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Megann K. Smiley, DMD, MS is in private practice located in Columbus, Ohio, USA. Michael A. Cuddy, DMD is an Associate Professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Steven Vukas, DMD, MD is an Assistant Professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Paul J. Schwartz, DMD is an Assistant Professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

• Editorial Board xiAcknowledgments and Contributors xiiiPreface xivOral/Written Boards xvDentist Contributions to Anesthesiology xviiGlossary of Abbreviations xviiiSection 1 Statistics I Physics I Equipment 11.1 Statistics 31.2 Anesthetic Monitoring Standards 51.3 Pulse Oximetry 61.4 Electrocardiography 71.5 Blood Pressure Monitors 91.6 Temperature Monitoring 111.7 Ventilation Monitoring 121.8 Capnograms 131.9 Fluid and Gas Physics 151.10 Medical Gas 161.11 Mapleson Circuit 171.12 Circle System 181.13 Anesthesia Machine Safety Features 191.14 Vaporizer 211.15 Ventilator 231.16 Infusion Pump 24Section 2 Anatomy I Physiology 252.1 Body Fluids 272.2 Intravenous Fluids 282.3 Head and Neck Blood Supply 292.4 Sensory Nerves 302.5 Cranial Nerves 312.6 Neuromuscular Junction 352.7 Parasympathetic Nervous System 362.8 Sympathetic Nervous System 372.9 Brain 392.10 Spinal Cord 412.11 Cardiac 422.12 Pulmonary 462.13 Renal 492.14 Hepatic and Biliary 512.15 Gastrointestinal 522.16 Pancreas 532.17 Thyroid 542.18 Parathyroid 552.19 Adrenal Gland 562.20 Vascular 572.21 Hematology 58Section 3 Preoperative Assessment 613.1 Psychology 633.2 Sedation Levels 643.3 ASA Physical Status Classification 653.4 Preoperative Cardiac Testing 673.5 Preoperative Pulmonary Testing 703.6 Preoperative Labs 733.7 Airway Evaluation 77Section 4 Outpatient Medications 814.1 Antibiotic Prophylaxis 834.2 Smoking 854.3 Substance Use Disorder Treatment 864.4 Antiplatelets 884.5 Anticoagulants 904.6 Antihypertensives 924.7 Diuretics 944.8 Antidysrhythmics 964.9 Pulmonary 974.10 Non-Insulin Hypoglycemics 994.11 Insulin 1014.12 Antidepressants 1034.13 Psychiatric 1054.14 Neurologic 1064.15 Gastrointestinal 1074.16 Glucocorticosteroids 1084.17 Other Medications 109Section 5 The Perioperative Pharmacology 1155.1 Inhalational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics 1175.2 Inhalational Agents 1205.3 Intravenous Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics 1225.4 Intravenous Induction Agents 1245.5 Benzodiazepines 1265.6 Opioids 1285.7 Non-opioid IV Analgesics 1315.8 Neuromuscular Monitoring 1335.9 Neuromuscular Blocking Agents 1355.10 Neuromuscular Reversal Agents 1375.11 Hypertensive Agents 1395.12 Antihypertensive Agents 1425.13 Antidysrhythmics 145Section 6 Adult Disease and Syndromes 1536.1 Neurologic Disease 1556.2 Cardiac Disease 1606.3 Valvular Disease 1636.4 Bradydysrhythmias 1666.5 Tachydysrhythmias 1686.6 Cardiac Conduction Defects 1716.7 Cardiac Equipment and Transplants 1756.8 Vascular Disease 1796.9 Pulmonary Disease 1816.10 Neuromuscular Disease 1836.11 Renal Disease 1856.12 Liver and Biliary Disease 1876.13 Gastrointestinal Disease 1896.14 Endocrine Disease 1916.15 Hematologic Disease 1966.16 Orthopedic Disease 1996.17 Immune Disease 2016.18 Connective Tissue Disease 204Section 7 Pediatric Disease and Syndromes 2117.1 Pediatric Anatomy and Physiology 2137.2 Neonatal/Newborn Disorders 2157.3 Congenital Heart Defects 2247.4 Childhood Disorders 2287.5 Syndromes 236Section 8 Perioperative Emergencies and Urgencies 2458.1 Cardiac 2488.2 Respiratory 2488.3 Neuro 2488.4 Metabolic 2488.5 Other 248Section 9 Dental Specifics 2799.1 Common Drug Dosing 2819.2 Local Anesthetics 2839.3 Topical Local Anesthetics 2869.4 Vasoconstrictors 2879.5 Local Anesthesia for the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) 2889.6 Natural Guarded Airway (NGA) 2909.7 Noninvasive Oxygen Delivery Systems 2929.8 Airway Adjuncts 2949.9 Supraglottic Airways 2969.10 Endotracheal Tubes 2989.11 Laryngoscopy 3009.12 Fiberoptic Intubation (FOI) 3029.13 Submental Intubation 3049.14 Deliberate Hypotensive Anesthesia 3059.15 Legal Considerations 306Section 10 Oral Maxillofacial Surgery 30910.1 Odontogenic Infections 31110.2 Orthognathic Surgery 31310.3 Obstructive Sleep Apnea 31510.4 Oral Reconstruction 31810.5 Temporomandibular Joint Disorders 32010.6 Trauma 32210.7 Cricothyrotomy 32610.8 Tracheostomy 32710.9 Facial Plastic Surgery 328Index 331

The authors Spencer D. Wade, DDS, MS is a Clinical Assistant Professor at the New York University College of Dentistry in New York, New York, USA. Caroline M. Sawicki, DDS, PhD is a Clinical Assistant Professor at the University of North Carolina Adams School of Dentistry in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. Megann K. Smiley, DMD, MS is in private practice located in Columbus, Ohio, USA. Michael A. Cuddy, DMD is an Associate Professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Steven Vukas, DMD, MD is an Assistant Professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Paul J. Schwartz, DMD is an Assistant Professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

• Editorial Board xiAcknowledgments and Contributors xiiiPreface xivOral/Written Boards xvDentist Contributions to Anesthesiology xviiGlossary of Abbreviations xviiiSection 1 Statistics I Physics I Equipment 11.1 Statistics 31.2 Anesthetic Monitoring Standards 51.3 Pulse Oximetry 61.4 Electrocardiography 71.5 Blood Pressure Monitors 91.6 Temperature Monitoring 111.7 Ventilation Monitoring 121.8 Capnograms 131.9 Fluid and Gas Physics 151.10 Medical Gas 161.11 Mapleson Circuit 171.12 Circle System 181.13 Anesthesia Machine Safety Features 191.14 Vaporizer 211.15 Ventilator 231.16 Infusion Pump 24Section 2 Anatomy I Physiology 252.1 Body Fluids 272.2 Intravenous Fluids 282.3 Head and Neck Blood Supply 292.4 Sensory Nerves 302.5 Cranial Nerves 312.6 Neuromuscular Junction 352.7 Parasympathetic Nervous System 362.8 Sympathetic Nervous System 372.9 Brain 392.10 Spinal Cord 412.11 Cardiac 422.12 Pulmonary 462.13 Renal 492.14 Hepatic and Biliary 512.15 Gastrointestinal 522.16 Pancreas 532.17 Thyroid 542.18 Parathyroid 552.19 Adrenal Gland 562.20 Vascular 572.21 Hematology 58Section 3 Preoperative Assessment 613.1 Psychology 633.2 Sedation Levels 643.3 ASA Physical Status Classification 653.4 Preoperative Cardiac Testing 673.5 Preoperative Pulmonary Testing 703.6 Preoperative Labs 733.7 Airway Evaluation 77Section 4 Outpatient Medications 814.1 Antibiotic Prophylaxis 834.2 Smoking 854.3 Substance Use Disorder Treatment 864.4 Antiplatelets 884.5 Anticoagulants 904.6 Antihypertensives 924.7 Diuretics 944.8 Antidysrhythmics 964.9 Pulmonary 974.10 Non-Insulin Hypoglycemics 994.11 Insulin 1014.12 Antidepressants 1034.13 Psychiatric 1054.14 Neurologic 1064.15 Gastrointestinal 1074.16 Glucocorticosteroids 1084.17 Other Medications 109Section 5 The Perioperative Pharmacology 1155.1 Inhalational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics 1175.2 Inhalational Agents 1205.3 Intravenous Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics 1225.4 Intravenous Induction Agents 1245.5 Benzodiazepines 1265.6 Opioids 1285.7 Non-opioid IV Analgesics 1315.8 Neuromuscular Monitoring 1335.9 Neuromuscular Blocking Agents 1355.10 Neuromuscular Reversal Agents 1375.11 Hypertensive Agents 1395.12 Antihypertensive Agents 1425.13 Antidysrhythmics 145Section 6 Adult Disease and Syndromes 1536.1 Neurologic Disease 1556.2 Cardiac Disease 1606.3 Valvular Disease 1636.4 Bradydysrhythmias 1666.5 Tachydysrhythmias 1686.6 Cardiac Conduction Defects 1716.7 Cardiac Equipment and Transplants 1756.8 Vascular Disease 1796.9 Pulmonary Disease 1816.10 Neuromuscular Disease 1836.11 Renal Disease 1856.12 Liver and Biliary Disease 1876.13 Gastrointestinal Disease 1896.14 Endocrine Disease 1916.15 Hematologic Disease 1966.16 Orthopedic Disease 1996.17 Immune Disease 2016.18 Connective Tissue Disease 204Section 7 Pediatric Disease and Syndromes 2117.1 Pediatric Anatomy and Physiology 2137.2 Neonatal/Newborn Disorders 2157.3 Congenital Heart Defects 2247.4 Childhood Disorders 2287.5 Syndromes 236Section 8 Perioperative Emergencies and Urgencies 2458.1 Cardiac 2488.2 Respiratory 2488.3 Neuro 2488.4 Metabolic 2488.5 Other 248Section 9 Dental Specifics 2799.1 Common Drug Dosing 2819.2 Local Anesthetics 2839.3 Topical Local Anesthetics 2869.4 Vasoconstrictors 2879.5 Local Anesthesia for the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) 2889.6 Natural Guarded Airway (NGA) 2909.7 Noninvasive Oxygen Delivery Systems 2929.8 Airway Adjuncts 2949.9 Supraglottic Airways 2969.10 Endotracheal Tubes 2989.11 Laryngoscopy 3009.12 Fiberoptic Intubation (FOI) 3029.13 Submental Intubation 3049.14 Deliberate Hypotensive Anesthesia 3059.15 Legal Considerations 306Section 10 Oral Maxillofacial Surgery 30910.1 Odontogenic Infections 31110.2 Orthognathic Surgery 31310.3 Obstructive Sleep Apnea 31510.4 Oral Reconstruction 31810.5 Temporomandibular Joint Disorders 32010.6 Trauma 32210.7 Cricothyrotomy 32610.8 Tracheostomy 32710.9 Facial Plastic Surgery 328Index 331