Rajeev Singh, PhD, is currently serving as a Associate professor, Department of Environmental Science, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi. Dr. Singh is member of several scientific and academic bodies and has organized and participated in several international and national conferences and delivered invited talks. He has published more than 125 research papers, chapters in books, conference proceedings, etc. of international repute. He is also a principal investigator of several major research projects funded by various govt. agencies. He is the founder secretary of Bio-electromagnetic Society of India. Dr. Singh is recipient of the Young Scientist Award of Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS) and the Gold Medal for best oral presentation. Anamika Singh, PhD, is currently working as Assistant Professor (Selection grade) in Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, India. Dr. Singh is member of Indian Bioinformatics society, APBioNet, European Federation of Biotechnology, and IAENG. She has published more than 40 research papers, book chapters, and books etc of international repute.

• About the Editors xxList of Contributors xxiiPreface xxvii1 Biocontaminants in Indoor Environments: Occurrence, Spread, and Prevention 1Abhilasha Shourie, Anita Girdhar, Kriti Singhal, Chanchal Rawat, and Shilpa Samir Chapadgaonkar2 Estimation of Indoor Bioaerosols and Occurrence of Sick Building Syndrome Symptoms Within Office Premises in Urban Delhi 26Arun Kumar Yadav and Chirashree Ghosh3 Sources and Transmission of Bio- Contaminants in Indoor Areas 37P. Kavita and Priti Giri4 Climatic/Meteorological Conditions and Their Role in Biological Contamination: A Comprehensive Review 56Pankaj Bhatt, Vipin Kumar, Suruchi Singh, and Kunal Kanojia5 Role of Gases, VOC, PM2.5, and PM10 in Biological Contamination in Indoor Areas 89Pradeep Kumar, Sevaram Singh, Ekta Tyagi, Vinay Mohan Pathak, Shiwangi Gupta, and Rajeev Singh6 Indoor Contaminants Based on Fungi 108Anchal Chaudhary, Anamika Bhardwaj, Nikhil Sharma, Manandeep Kaur, Shalini Kaushik Love, and Arti Mishra7 Health Implications Related With the Presence of Waste Sorting Plants and Biological Contaminants 123Samina Mazahar8 Neurological Health Hazards Associated with Biological Contaminants 133Shweta, Himanshi Yadav, Jaldhi, Anurag Thapliyal, Amrita Bakshi, Anamika, and Shashank Kumar Maurya9 Effect of Bioaerosols Exposure on Acute Exacerbation Among Individuals with COPD in Urban India 151Chirashree Ghosh, Arun Kumar Yadav, Rajnish Awasthi, Arun Kumar Sharma, Shukla Das, B. D. Banerjee, and Palak Balyan10 The Crucial Role of Pollen Grains, (1 → 3)- β - d- Glucan and Endotoxin in Triggering Respiratory Diseases 168Khencha Aran, Twinkle Chetia, Priti Giri, Bitupan Deka, and Ravi Kumar Goswami11 Problems of Drug Resistance in Indoor Biological Contaminants 196Kalpana Sagar and K. Priti12 Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): An Underestimate Threat 214Sudeshna Mandal, Anirban Kundu, Dhitri Borah, Mou Singha Ray, and Chandrani Mondal13 Immunological and Molecular Mechanism Induced by Indoor Bio- contaminants 258Ravi Kumar Goswami, Mohit Kumar, Atavika Chandan, Sudeshna Mandal, Pratibha Kumari, and Varunendra Singh Rawat14 Indoor Airborne Insect Allergens: Environmental Evaluation and Health Implications 288Mohd Adnan Kausar, Sadaf Anwar, Mohammad Zeeshan Najm, Sadaf, Simran Kaur, Samir Qiblawi, and Vinita Katiyar15 Diagnosis and Treatment of Health Effects Caused by Airborne Contaminants 319Sujata Adhana, Anil Kumar Mavi, Umesh Kumar, Garima Rathi, and Devendra Kumar16 Strategies for Reducing Exposure to Airborne Biological Contaminants in Indoor Environments 341Maneet Kumar Chakrawarti, Madhuri Singh, and Kasturi Mukhopadhyay17 Guidelines for the Biological Contaminants in Indoor Areas 357Pradeep Kumar, Sevaram Singh, Vinay Mohan Pathak, Rajiv Kumar Singh, Shiwangi Gupta, and Rajeev SinghReferences 373Index 378

Rajeev Singh, PhD, is currently serving as a Associate professor, Department of Environmental Science, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi. Dr. Singh is member of several scientific and academic bodies and has organized and participated in several international and national conferences and delivered invited talks. He has published more than 125 research papers, chapters in books, conference proceedings, etc. of international repute. He is also a principal investigator of several major research projects funded by various govt. agencies. He is the founder secretary of Bio-electromagnetic Society of India. Dr. Singh is recipient of the Young Scientist Award of Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS) and the Gold Medal for best oral presentation. Anamika Singh, PhD, is currently working as Assistant Professor (Selection grade) in Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, India. Dr. Singh is member of Indian Bioinformatics society, APBioNet, European Federation of Biotechnology, and IAENG. She has published more than 40 research papers, book chapters, and books etc of international repute.

• About the Editors xxList of Contributors xxiiPreface xxvii1 Biocontaminants in Indoor Environments: Occurrence, Spread, and Prevention 1Abhilasha Shourie, Anita Girdhar, Kriti Singhal, Chanchal Rawat, and Shilpa Samir Chapadgaonkar2 Estimation of Indoor Bioaerosols and Occurrence of Sick Building Syndrome Symptoms Within Office Premises in Urban Delhi 26Arun Kumar Yadav and Chirashree Ghosh3 Sources and Transmission of Bio- Contaminants in Indoor Areas 37P. Kavita and Priti Giri4 Climatic/Meteorological Conditions and Their Role in Biological Contamination: A Comprehensive Review 56Pankaj Bhatt, Vipin Kumar, Suruchi Singh, and Kunal Kanojia5 Role of Gases, VOC, PM2.5, and PM10 in Biological Contamination in Indoor Areas 89Pradeep Kumar, Sevaram Singh, Ekta Tyagi, Vinay Mohan Pathak, Shiwangi Gupta, and Rajeev Singh6 Indoor Contaminants Based on Fungi 108Anchal Chaudhary, Anamika Bhardwaj, Nikhil Sharma, Manandeep Kaur, Shalini Kaushik Love, and Arti Mishra7 Health Implications Related With the Presence of Waste Sorting Plants and Biological Contaminants 123Samina Mazahar8 Neurological Health Hazards Associated with Biological Contaminants 133Shweta, Himanshi Yadav, Jaldhi, Anurag Thapliyal, Amrita Bakshi, Anamika, and Shashank Kumar Maurya9 Effect of Bioaerosols Exposure on Acute Exacerbation Among Individuals with COPD in Urban India 151Chirashree Ghosh, Arun Kumar Yadav, Rajnish Awasthi, Arun Kumar Sharma, Shukla Das, B. D. Banerjee, and Palak Balyan10 The Crucial Role of Pollen Grains, (1 → 3)- β - d- Glucan and Endotoxin in Triggering Respiratory Diseases 168Khencha Aran, Twinkle Chetia, Priti Giri, Bitupan Deka, and Ravi Kumar Goswami11 Problems of Drug Resistance in Indoor Biological Contaminants 196Kalpana Sagar and K. Priti12 Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): An Underestimate Threat 214Sudeshna Mandal, Anirban Kundu, Dhitri Borah, Mou Singha Ray, and Chandrani Mondal13 Immunological and Molecular Mechanism Induced by Indoor Bio- contaminants 258Ravi Kumar Goswami, Mohit Kumar, Atavika Chandan, Sudeshna Mandal, Pratibha Kumari, and Varunendra Singh Rawat14 Indoor Airborne Insect Allergens: Environmental Evaluation and Health Implications 288Mohd Adnan Kausar, Sadaf Anwar, Mohammad Zeeshan Najm, Sadaf, Simran Kaur, Samir Qiblawi, and Vinita Katiyar15 Diagnosis and Treatment of Health Effects Caused by Airborne Contaminants 319Sujata Adhana, Anil Kumar Mavi, Umesh Kumar, Garima Rathi, and Devendra Kumar16 Strategies for Reducing Exposure to Airborne Biological Contaminants in Indoor Environments 341Maneet Kumar Chakrawarti, Madhuri Singh, and Kasturi Mukhopadhyay17 Guidelines for the Biological Contaminants in Indoor Areas 357Pradeep Kumar, Sevaram Singh, Vinay Mohan Pathak, Rajiv Kumar Singh, Shiwangi Gupta, and Rajeev SinghReferences 373Index 378

Rajeev Singh, PhD, is currently serving as a Associate professor, Department of Environmental Science, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi. Dr. Singh is member of several scientific and academic bodies and has organized and participated in several international and national conferences and delivered invited talks. He has published more than 125 research papers, chapters in books, conference proceedings, etc. of international repute. He is also a principal investigator of several major research projects funded by various govt. agencies. He is the founder secretary of Bio-electromagnetic Society of India. Dr. Singh is recipient of the Young Scientist Award of Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS) and the Gold Medal for best oral presentation. Anamika Singh, PhD, is currently working as Assistant Professor (Selection grade) in Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, India. Dr. Singh is member of Indian Bioinformatics society, APBioNet, European Federation of Biotechnology, and IAENG. She has published more than 40 research papers, book chapters, and books etc of international repute.

• About the Editors xxList of Contributors xxiiPreface xxvii1 Biocontaminants in Indoor Environments: Occurrence, Spread, and Prevention 1Abhilasha Shourie, Anita Girdhar, Kriti Singhal, Chanchal Rawat, and Shilpa Samir Chapadgaonkar2 Estimation of Indoor Bioaerosols and Occurrence of Sick Building Syndrome Symptoms Within Office Premises in Urban Delhi 26Arun Kumar Yadav and Chirashree Ghosh3 Sources and Transmission of Bio- Contaminants in Indoor Areas 37P. Kavita and Priti Giri4 Climatic/Meteorological Conditions and Their Role in Biological Contamination: A Comprehensive Review 56Pankaj Bhatt, Vipin Kumar, Suruchi Singh, and Kunal Kanojia5 Role of Gases, VOC, PM2.5, and PM10 in Biological Contamination in Indoor Areas 89Pradeep Kumar, Sevaram Singh, Ekta Tyagi, Vinay Mohan Pathak, Shiwangi Gupta, and Rajeev Singh6 Indoor Contaminants Based on Fungi 108Anchal Chaudhary, Anamika Bhardwaj, Nikhil Sharma, Manandeep Kaur, Shalini Kaushik Love, and Arti Mishra7 Health Implications Related With the Presence of Waste Sorting Plants and Biological Contaminants 123Samina Mazahar8 Neurological Health Hazards Associated with Biological Contaminants 133Shweta, Himanshi Yadav, Jaldhi, Anurag Thapliyal, Amrita Bakshi, Anamika, and Shashank Kumar Maurya9 Effect of Bioaerosols Exposure on Acute Exacerbation Among Individuals with COPD in Urban India 151Chirashree Ghosh, Arun Kumar Yadav, Rajnish Awasthi, Arun Kumar Sharma, Shukla Das, B. D. Banerjee, and Palak Balyan10 The Crucial Role of Pollen Grains, (1 → 3)- β - d- Glucan and Endotoxin in Triggering Respiratory Diseases 168Khencha Aran, Twinkle Chetia, Priti Giri, Bitupan Deka, and Ravi Kumar Goswami11 Problems of Drug Resistance in Indoor Biological Contaminants 196Kalpana Sagar and K. Priti12 Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): An Underestimate Threat 214Sudeshna Mandal, Anirban Kundu, Dhitri Borah, Mou Singha Ray, and Chandrani Mondal13 Immunological and Molecular Mechanism Induced by Indoor Bio- contaminants 258Ravi Kumar Goswami, Mohit Kumar, Atavika Chandan, Sudeshna Mandal, Pratibha Kumari, and Varunendra Singh Rawat14 Indoor Airborne Insect Allergens: Environmental Evaluation and Health Implications 288Mohd Adnan Kausar, Sadaf Anwar, Mohammad Zeeshan Najm, Sadaf, Simran Kaur, Samir Qiblawi, and Vinita Katiyar15 Diagnosis and Treatment of Health Effects Caused by Airborne Contaminants 319Sujata Adhana, Anil Kumar Mavi, Umesh Kumar, Garima Rathi, and Devendra Kumar16 Strategies for Reducing Exposure to Airborne Biological Contaminants in Indoor Environments 341Maneet Kumar Chakrawarti, Madhuri Singh, and Kasturi Mukhopadhyay17 Guidelines for the Biological Contaminants in Indoor Areas 357Pradeep Kumar, Sevaram Singh, Vinay Mohan Pathak, Rajiv Kumar Singh, Shiwangi Gupta, and Rajeev SinghReferences 373Index 378