Water and Wastewater Engineering, Volume 1

Lawrence K. Wang has worked for decades in industrial, academic, and policy roles related to water treatment and water supply, including as a Senior Advisor to the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and as a Delegate of the People to People International Foundation. He is a licensed Professional Engineer, a certified Laboratory Director, an OSHA Hazardous Waste Management Instructor, a vastly prolific author, and the holder of 29 patents. Mu-Hao Sung Wang is a Licensed Professional Engineer and a Diplomate of the American Academy of Environmental Engineers (AAEE). She has published widely on water quality, waste management, environmental sustainability, and related subjects, and holds 14 patents. Nazih K. Shammas worked for over 45 years as an environmental consultant and academic. He served as Dean of the Lenox Institute of Water Technology and as an advisor to Krofta Engineering Corporation, USA. He published widely on environmental engineering subjects, with particular expertise in water quality control, wastewater reclamation, pollution prevention, and waste management.

• About the Authors xxiPreface xxiiDedication and Acknowledgments xxvAbout the Companion Website xxvi1 Introduction to Water Systems 12 Water Sources: Surface Water 233 Water Sources: Groundwater 504 Quantities of Water and Wastewater Flows 985 Water Hydraulics, Transmission, and Appurtenances 1316 Water Distribution Systems: Components, Design, and Operation 2097 Water Distribution Systems: Modeling and Computer Applications 2458 Pumping, Storage, Dual Water Systems, and Distribution System Management 2799 Cross-connection Control 31110 Introduction to Wastewater Systems 34211 Hydrology: Rainfall and Runoff 36212 Urban Runoff and Combined Sewer Overflow Management 39913 Hydraulics of Sewer Systems 44714 Design of Sewer Systems 48615 Sewerage Systems: Modeling and Computer Applications 54216 Sewer Material, Appurtenances, and Maintenance 58117 Trenchless Technology and Sewer System Rehabilitation 62318 Alternative Wastewater Collection Systems 64719 Engineering Projects Management 68420 Prevention Through Design and System Safety 699Appendix 1 Nomenclature and Abbreviations 739Appendix 2 Units 743Appendix 3 Physical Properties of Water 750Appendix 4 Vapor Pressure and Surface Tension of Water in Contact with Air 753Appendix 5 Area Under the Normal Probability Curve 754Appendix 6 Flow Velocity and Discharge Rate for Pipes Flowing Full 756Appendix 7 Flow Velocity and Discharge Rate for Pipes Flowing Full 757Appendix 8 Minimum Grades and Capacities of Circular Conduits Flowing Full 758Appendix 9 Hydraulic Elements of Circular Conduits 759Appendix 10 Basic Hydraulic Elements of Circular Conduits for All Values of Roughness and Slope 760Appendix 11 Hydraulic Elements of Circular Conduits with Equal Self-Cleansing Properties at All Depths 761Appendix 12 Values of Hydraulic Elements in Circular Conduits 762Appendix 13 Alternate Stages and Critical Depths of Flow in Circular Conduits 763Appendix 14 Nomograms for Solution of Hazen–Williams Pipe Flow Equation 764Appendix 15 Nomograms for Solution of Manning’s Equation for Pipes Flowing Full 770Appendix 16 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works Construction Yearly Average Cost Index for Utilities 776Appendix 17 Equivalent Pipe Length to Head Loss in Fittings 777Appendix 18 Simplified Overland Flow Time Determination for Urban Drainage 778Appendix 19 Loss Coefficients for Transitions and Fittings 779Index 781