Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Borehole Geophysics

Yingping Li, BlueSkyDas LLC, and University of Houston, USA Robert Mellors, University of California San Diego, USA Ge Zhan, TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Company, USA

• List of Contributors ixPreface xvii1 Recent Advances in Distributed Acoustic Sensing for Borehole Geophysics 1Yingping Li, Robert Mellors, and Ge Zhan Part I Borehole Distributed Acoustic Sensing Instrumentation and Modeling2 Integrated Distributed Strain Sensing for Wellbore and Reservoir Monitoring 19Mahmoud Farhadiroushan, Tom R Parker, Sergey Shatalin, Ze Chen, Arran Gillies, Rufat Aghayev, Daniel Pérez, Jack Maxwell, and Craig Milne 3 A Microwave Photonics Optical Fiber Method for Measuring Distributed Strain for Hydrologic Applications in the Vadose and Saturated Zones 29Liwei Hua, Lawrence C Murdoch, Xuran Zhu, Leonid N Germanovich, Yongji Wu, Jing Guo, Riley Blais, Grant Plunkett, Olivia Costantino, Scott DeWolf, Rob Moak, and Hai Xiao 4 A Fiber-Optic, Multicomponent Sensor for Borehole Seismic Formation Imaging and for Monitoring of Natural or Induced Seismicity 55Jakob B U Haldorsen, Caleb Christensen, Donald Richard Metzbower, and Audrius Berzanskis 5 Three-Component Distributed Acoustic Sensing Arrays with Three-Dimensional Fiber Cable Deployment 71Yingping Li, David Li, Lianjie Huang, and Yingcai Zheng6 Comparing Distributed Acoustic Sensing and Geophone Vertical Seismic Profiling Imaging: Acquisition Efficiency of Distributed Acoustic Sensing Versus the Multicomponent Advantage of Geophone Data 95Jingjing Zong, Jizhong Yang, Yunyue Elita Li, Arthur Cheng, Xiang Wu, and Mark E WillisPart II Borehole Distributed Acoustic Sensing Acquisition and Processing7 Smart Distributed Acoustic Sensing Uphole Acquisition System: Bridging the Gap Between Surface Seismic and Borehole Geophysics for Imaging and Monitoring in Complex Near-Surface Environments 109Andrey Bakulin, Ilya Silvestrov, Robert Smith, and Pavel Golikov8 Joint Surface and Borehole Distributed Acoustic Sensing Vertical Seismic Profiling Data Acquisition and Processing 133Gang Yu, Jinling Xiong, Yuanzhong Chen, Junjun Wu, Yishui Zhao, Zhonglin Cao, Guangming He, Yu Zhang, Xiang Li, and Hui Chen9 Distributed Acoustic Sensing Acquired Wellbore Seismic Data Using Hybrid Wireline Cable: Field Data Examples 173Alejandro Martinez, Manuel Useche, and Ali Sayed10 Geothermal Reservoir Characterization Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing from Vertical Seismic Profiling in Six Geothermal Fields in Japan 205Junzo Kasahara, Yoko Hasada, and Hitoshi Mikada11 Borehole and Surface Applications of Distributed Acoustic Sensing for Characterization of the Cryosphere and Glacial Environments 225Alex M Brisbourne, Thomas S Hudson, and J Michael Kendall12 Stratigraphic Test Well (Hydrate-01) Distributed Acoustic Sensing 3D Vertical Seismic Profile Processing 239Teck Kean Lim, Akira Fujimoto, Toshiaki Kobayashi, Sergei Tcherkashnev, and Michael Mondanos13 Potential of Seismic Attenuation for Exploring Complex Media: A Focus on Carbonate Rocks 257Fateh Bouchaala, Seda Rouxel, and Bing Zhou14 Distributed Acoustic Sensing to Velocity Transform for Vertical Seismic Profiling Applications 279Ali Sayed, Manish Lal Khaitan, Alejandro Martinez, and Robert R Stewart15 Automatic Picking of Distributed Acoustic Sensing Vertical Seismic Profiling First-Arrival Traveltimes Using a Differential-Phase-Spectral Slope Method 297David Li, Lianjie Huang, Yingcai Zheng, and Yingping Li16 A Prospective Evaluation of Borehole Distributed Acoustic Sensing Technologies for Detecting and Locating Out-of-Network Microseismicity 311Federica Lanza, Katinka B Tuinstra, Antonio P Rinaldi, Verónica Rodríguez Tribaldos, Chet Hopp, Falko Bethmann, Ben Dyer, Peter Meier, Francisco Serbeto, Marian Hertrich, Domenico Giardini, and Stefan WiemerPart III Borehole Distributed Acoustic Sensing Imaging and Inversion17 Distributed Acoustic Sensing Vertical Seismic Profiling P-P and P-S Wave Imaging Method: A Fast Ray-Based Approach Through a Multitemplate Fast-Advancement Algorithm 333Yuanzhong Chen, Jingjing Zong, Shujun Xia, Fei Wang, Hao Zhang, and Guangmin Hu18 Distributed Acoustic Sensing Vertical Seismic Profiling Imaging Workflow: Transitioning from the Geophone Era 343Takashi Mizuno, Shujaat Ali, Pierre Bettinelli, and Joel Le Calvez 19 Seismic Imaging of Reservoir Fractures Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing Data 355Brian N Fuller20 Multiwell Distributed Acoustic Sensing 3D Vertical Seismic Profile Under Flowing Conditions: Toward Solving the Processing and Imaging Challenges 373Shujaat Ali, Francesco Miranda, Spadavecchia Emmanuel, and Olga Podgornova21 Enhanced Geothermal Reservoir Characterization Using Wireline Distributed Acoustic Sensing 385Evgeniia Martuganova, Ben Norden, Guido Blöcher, and Charlotte M Krawczyk22 Distributed Acoustic Sensing and Distributed Temperature Sensing Geophysical Study in the Takigami Geothermal Field in Northeastern Kyushu, Japan 399Junzo Kasahara, Yoko Hasada, Shigetsugu Furuya, Masahiro Shimazaki, Hitoshi Mikada, Hiroshi Ohnuma, and Yoshihiro Fujise23 Multiazimuth Elastic Full-Waveform Inversion of Fiber-Optic and Accelerometer Vertical Seismic Profile Data: A Field Example from the Carbon Management Canada Newell County Facility, Alberta, Canada 415Xiaohui Cai, Kristopher A Innanen, Mattew V Eaid, Scott D Keating, Qi Hu, and Donald C LawtonPart IV Borehole Distributed Acoustic Sensing Monitoring24 Seismological Applications of Downhole Distributed Acoustic Sensing 433Ariel Lellouch25 Investigation of Distributed Acoustic Sensing Characteristics by Complementary Observations in Geothermal Wells and by Surface Seismometers 445Yoko Hasada, Junzo Kasahara, Hitoshi Mikada, and Hiroshi Ohnuma26 Spatiotemporal Monitoring of a Frequent-Slip Fault Zone Using Downhole Distributed Acoustic Sensing at the MiDAS Project 459Hsin-Hua Huang, Kou-Fong Ma, En-Shih Wu, Yun-Ze Cheng, Chin-Jen Lin, Chin-Shang Ku, Po-Li Su, and MiDAS Working Group27 Monitoring Granitic and Sedimentary Rocks at the Utah FORGE Site Using Borehole Distributed Acoustic Sensing Ambient Noise 477David Li, Lianjie Huang, Yingcai Zheng, and Yingping Li28 Enhancing Unconventional Reservoir Development Through Low-Frequency Distributed Acoustic Sensing Technology 499Yanrui Ning and Ge Jin29 Recent Advances in the Use of Temporary Optical Fiber Deployment for Downhole Hydraulic Fracture Monitoring 531Yuanyuan Ma, Chaoyi Wang, Vikram Maji, Rebecca O Salvage, Kelly MacDougall, and David Eaton30 Use of Distributed Acoustic Sensing and Distributed Strain Sensing Technologies for Geomechanical Characterization of Rock Mass Response in Mesoscale Experiments in Underground Laboratories: Lessons Learned 549Verónica Rodríguez Tribaldos, Chet Hopp, Antonio P Rinaldi, Katinka B Tuinstra, Federica Lanza, Jonathan Ajo-Franklin, Timothy Kneafsey, Michelle Robertson, Yves Guglielmi, and Alba Zappone31 Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Borehole Geophysics: New Advances and Future Directions 579Yingping Li, Robert Mellors, and Ge ZhanIndex 589