Intelligent Robots and Cobots

V. Ramasamy, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of CSE at Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. He obtained his doctorate in computer science from Anna University, Chennai in 2021. His areas of interest include mobile cloud computing, IoT, data science, artificial intelligence and data mining. He is the author of several scholarly research papers in national and international journals and conferences. He has edited several books and guest-edited journal special issues. S. Balamurugan, PhD, is the Director of Research and Development, Intelligent Research Consultancy Services (iRCS), Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. He is also Director of the Albert Einstein Engineering and Research Labs (AEER Labs), as well as Vice-Chairman, Renewable Energy Society of India (RESI), India. He has published 50+ books, 200+ international journals/ conferences, and 35 patents. Sheng-Lung Peng, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Creative Technologies and Product Design, National Taipei University of Business, Taiwan. He is an honorary professor of Beijing Information Science and Technology, University of China, and a supervisor of the Chinese Information Literacy Association and of the Association of Algorithms and Computation Theory. He has published more than 120 international journal and conference papers.

• Preface xxiAcknowledgement xxviiPart 1: Fundamentals 11 Cobots for Industry 5.0 Transformation 3Ahmed F. Siddiqui, Aditya J. Paul, Sushruta Mishra and S. Balamurugan1.1 Introduction 41.2 Related Works 51.3 IoT for Industries 71.4 Issues with Cobots in Industry 5.0 81.5 Cobots in Industries 91.6 Automation and Cobots 111.7 Conclusion 13References 142 Cobots as an Enabling Technique for Industry 5.0: A Conceptual Framework 19Swati Lipsa and Ranjan Kumar Dash2.1 Introduction 202.2 Industry 5.0 at a Glance 212.3 Industry 4.0 vs. Industry 5.0 232.4 Key Differences Between Robots and Cobots 252.5 Cobots as an Enabling Technique for Industry 5.0 262.6 The Contribution of Cobots Across Different Sectors 282.6.10 Food Processing 312.7 A Conceptual Cobot–Based Cyber-Physical System 322.8 The Risk and Security Issues with Respect to Cobots and Their Mitigations 372.9 Conclusion 39References 403 Role of Cobots and Industrial Robots in Industry 5.0 43M. Makeshkumar, M. Sasi Kumar, J. Anburaj, S. Ramesh Babu, E. Vembarasan and R. Sanjiv3.1 Introduction 443.2 Role of Cobots 453.3 Programming Flowchart 463.4 Objectives of Research in Cobots 473.5 Capabilities and Features of Cobots for Industrial Applications 483.6 Industrial Developments and Different Degrees of Collaboration by Cobots 503.7 Cobot Applications 513.8 Challenges Faced by Cobots 543.9 Economic Impact of Cobots 553.10 Components Required 563.11 Integration of Cobots with Other Technologies 583.12 Discussion 593.13 Future Scope 603.14 Conclusion 60References 614 The Evolution of Cobots in Intelligent Transportation Systems 65Rahul Jethwa, Rohit Raj Pradhan, Sushruta Mishra and S. Balamurugan4.1 Introduction 664.2 Uncovering Challenges in Intelligent Transportation System 684.3 The Role and Application of Cobots in Manufacturing and Logistics 694.4 Advancing Technologies Facilitating Robot and Cobot Operations in Intelligent Transportation Systems 714.5 Redefining Smart Transportation: The Synergy of Robotics, Cobots, and Predictive Analytics in ITS 724.6 A Comparative Analysis of Cobot and Predictive Protocols in Enhancing Safety and Sustainability in ITS 774.7 Advanced Analytics and Insights in Intelligent Transportation Systems 804.8 Conclusion 82References 835 Low/No-Code Software Development of Cobots Using Advanced Graphical User Interface 85N. L. Padma Swati, S. Vanshita Gupta, Vallidevi Krishnamurthy, Sujithra @ Kanmani and Surendiran Balasubramanian5.1 Introduction 865.2 Cobots 895.3 Design of Low/No-Code–Based Cobot Development 905.4 Graphical User Interface Features 945.5 RPA vs. Low Code No Code in Cobot Development: “Low Code or RPA? Who Wins?” 975.6 Conclusion 1025.7 Pros and Cons 102References 1056 Future Workforce for Industry 5.0 107Huzina Saheal and Sheikh Sajid Mohammad6.1 Introduction 1086.2 Underlying Principles of Industry 5.0 1096.3 Benefits for Workers in Industry 5.0 1116.4 Challenges for Workers in Industry 5.0 1136.5 Industry 5.0 and Employee Skills 1146.6 Issues Related to Integration of Robots into Organizations 1176.7 Considerations for Integration of Humans and Smart Machines in Industry 5.0 1216.8 Reskilling and Upskilling the Workforce for Industry 5.0 1236.9 Conclusion 125References 126Part 2: Applications 1317 Intelligent Robots and Cobots: Concepts and Applications for Industry 5.0 Transformation 133G. Ganesh Kumar and S. Kanakaprabha7.1 Introduction 1347.2 Systematic Review 1387.3 Concepts of Intelligent Robots and Cobots 1427.4 Benefits of Intelligent Robots and Cobots 1457.5 Application Areas 1477.6 Challenges and Considerations 1507.7 Future Prospects and Impacts 1527.8 Conclusion 154References 1558 Artificial Intelligence–Driven Cobots for Innovative Industry 5.0 Workforce 159S. K. Manju Bargavi, K. R. Tejashvar and K.R. Tejashwini8.1 Introduction 1608.2 Literature Review 1628.3 Revolution of Industry 5.0 1638.4 Robotic Collaboration 1668.5 Technological Issues with AI in the Cobot Age of Industry 5.0 1698.6 Conclusion 173References 1749 Cobot Collaboration in the Healthcare Industry 177V. Gopala Krishnan, R. Jayamurugan, P. Sakthivel and M. Gowtham9.1 Introduction 1789.2 Cobots and Their Role 1789.3 Impact of Cobot 1799.4 The Challenges of Deploying Cobots at Scale 1809.5 Cobot Background 1809.6 Benefits of Cobots 1819.7 The Need for Cobot Regulation Frameworks 1849.8 The Hardware Sector will be Led by Robotic Arms and Sensors 1859.9 Testing in Laboratories and Care for Patients Have a Lot of Possibilities 1859.10 APAC Significant Gains 1869.11 Human Factors and Errors 1869.12 Robots Lending a Hand During the COVID-19 Outbreak 1879.13 Universal Robots Cobots in Healthcare 1879.14 What Role Can Cobots Play in Enhancing Healthcare Brand Experiences? 1899.15 The Rise of the Health Companion 1919.16 Cobots are Revolutionizing the Field of Medicine 1949.17 Manufacturing of Medical Devices 1969.18 Applications Outside of Healthcare 1969.19 Next Steps of Cobot 1979.20 Conclusion 198References 19910 Robotic Arm for Industry Automation 203Sanjeev Vyaas S., Shamsudeen Babu G., Raghulnath S. S., Manikandan P. and Joel E.10.1 Introduction 20310.2 Robotic Arm and Their Role in Industry 20410.3 Desof Robotic Arm 20610.4 Construction of Robotic Arm 20710.5 Mechanism of a Robotic Arm 20910.6 Working of Robotic Arm 21310.7 How Robotic Arm are Automated 21410.8 Industrial Automated Robotic Arm Application 21610.9 Future Scope 21710.10 Conclusion 218References 21811 Cloud-Based Cobots for Industry 5.0: A Human-Centric Solution 221Arvind Kumar and Richa Vijay11.1 Introduction 22211.2 Web 5.0 22411.3 Applications and Benefits of Industry 5.0 22511.4 Industry 5.0 Poses the Following Opportunities and Challenges 22711.5 What Does Industry 5.0 Mean for your Strategy? 23211.7 A Cloud-Based Cobot System Typically Consists of Several Key Components 23511.8 Robot Collaboration Rather Than Competition 23611.9 Web 5.0–Enabled Technologies and Cloud-Connected Robots 23711.10 Security and Data Privacy Concerns in Cloud-Based Cobot Systems 23811.11 6G Mobile Telecommunications 24011.12 Case Studies of Successful Implementation of Cloud-Based Cobots in Industry 5.0 24111.13 Challenges and Future Considerations for the Integration of Cloud-Based Cobots in Industry 5.0 24211.14 Conclusion 243References 24412 Aviation Bots for Decongesting Airports 247Saptarshi PaulAbbreviations 24812.1 Introduction 24812.2 Aviation Resources 25012.3 Understanding Real-Time Results 25112.4 Resource Sharing and Sourcing 25112.5 Current Aviation Bots and Their Limitations 25212.6 Future Bots in Aviation 26312.7 Conclusion 263References 264Part 3: Challenges 26713 Cobot-Aided System for Hydroponically Grown Plants 269Oliver Joel G., B. Jafrin Rosary, Vallidevi Krishnamurthy, Sujithra @ Kanmani and Surendiran Balasubramanian13.1 Introduction 27013.2 Hydroponic System 27113.3 Cobot 27313.4 Cobot-Aided Hydroponic System 27513.5 iPONICS: IoT-Based Monitoring and Control System for Hydroponics Greenhouses 27613.6 Existing Literature 27613.7 IoT-Cobot Integrated System Architecture 28313.8 Results 28713.9 Conclusion 289References 28914 Data Analytics and Collaborative Robots in Smart Territory: Research Methodology, Applications, and Open Challenges 291Bipradeep Biswas, Sushruta Mishra and S. Balamurugan14.1 Introduction 29214.2 Advancements in Data Analytics for Collaborative Robots 29314.3 Challenges in Analysis of the Sensory Data 29514.4 Research Gaps in Cobot-Enabled Data Analytics 29714.5 Research Methodology in Cobot-Driven Data Analytics 29914.6 Deployment of Tools and Techniques in Context-Aware Cobots 30014.7 Provisions of Smart Architecture for Data Analytics in Collaborative Robots 30414.8 Advanced Sensory-Based Framework for Big Data Analytics 30514.9 Taxonomical Categorization of Collaborative Cobots 30614.10 Use Cases of Cobots and Data Analytics 30814.11 Futuristic Opportunities in Data Analytics for Collaborative Robots 31014.12 Conclusion 314References 31515 Comprehensive Analysis on Design, Working, and Manufacturing of Soft Robots 317Mithun N. S., Saravanagowri S. P., Sashankh V. R., Rithish Hari G., Nithish Kumar S., Saravanan B. K. and Ramesh Babu S.15.1 Introduction 31815.2 Design of Soft Robots 31915.3 Working and Control of Soft Robots 32115.4 Composite Soft Robots 32315.5 Graphene Oxide Soft Robots 32515.6 Application in Minimally Invasive Surgery 32615.7 Challenges of Soft Robots 32815.8 Future Scope and Development 32915.9 Conclusion 332References 33316 Investigation on Deployment of Microservices for Swarm Intelligence of Collaborative Robots 337Abhijit Bora, Jonti Deori and Uzzal Sharma16.1 Introduction 33816.2 Related Work 34016.3 Objective and Focus of the Work 34216.4 Experimental Arrangement 34416.5 Reliability Assessment 35016.6 Overall Discussion 35116.7 Conclusion 352References 35217 Security Issues and Trends of Industrial Robots and Cobots 355Samikshya Sarangi, Aswani Kumar Cherukuri, S. Chandramouliswaran, Annapurna Jonnalgadda and Firuz Kamalov17.1 Introduction 35617.2 Cobots and Industrial Bots 35717.3 Security of Cobots and Other Bots 36317.4 Mitigation Strategies 37017.5 Conclusions 374References 37418 Blockchain Technology for the Cobot’s Cybersecurity Issues 377B. Manikandan, G. Ganesh Kumar, S. Kanakaprabha, R. Vijaya Kumar Reddy and R. Janani18.1 Introduction 37818.2 Literature Review 38018.3 Introduction to Cybersecurity 38218.4 Cybersecurity Challenges 38318.5 Introduction to Blockchain Technology 38918.6 Security Features of Blockchain in Cobot’s Cybersecurity 39018.7 Application Areas 39318.8 Challenges and Considerations Cobot’s Cybersecurity 39518.9 Conclusion 397References 398Index 401