Yao Sun, PhD, is a Lecturer at the University of Glasgow, UK. His awards and honors include the IEEE Communication Society of TOAS Best Paper Award 2019 and the IEEE IoT Journal Best Paper Award 2022. He has served as a regular reviewer and editor for numerous international journals. Lan Zhang, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at Michigan Technological University, USA. She is also an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technologies, and has published widely on machine learning, wireless communications, and related fields. Dusit Niyato, PhD, is President’s Chair Professor in the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He serves as Editor-in-Chief for IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, as well as an Area Editor for IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology and an Editor for IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. Muhammad Ali Imran, PhD, is a Professor in Communications Systems at the University of Glasgow, UK, Dean of Transnational Engineering Education and Dean of Graduate Studies in the College of Science and Engineering. He has published high impact articles on wireless communications and sensing subjects.

• List of Contributions xiiiPreface xvii1 Intelligent Transceiver Design for Semantic Communication 1Yiwen Wang, Yijie Mao, and Zhaohui Yang1.1 Knowledge Base 11.2 Source and Channel Coding 41.3 Multiuser SC 71.4 Transceiver Design for Single-Modal and Multimodal Data 131.5 Challenges and Future Directions 162 Joint Cell Association and Spectrum Allocation in Semantic Communication Networks 23Le Xia, Yao Sun, and Muhammad Ali Imran2.1 Introduction 232.2 Semantic Communication Model 262.3 Optimal CA and SA Solution in the PKM-Based SC-Net 322.4 Optimal CA and SA Solution in the IKM-Based SC-Net 352.5 Numerical Results and Discussions 382.6 Conclusions 443 An End-to-End Semantic Communication Framework for Image Transmission 47Lei Feng, Yu Zhou, and Wenjing Li3.1 Introduction 473.2 The End-to-End Image Semantic Communication Framework Driven by Knowledge Graph 503.3 Semantic Similarity Measurement 593.4 Simulation 623.5 Conclusion 634 Robust Semantic Communications and Privacy Protection 67Xuefei Zhang4.1 Motivation and Introduction 674.2 Robust Semantic Communication 684.3 Knowledge Discrepancy-Oriented Privacy Protection for Semantic Communication 754.4 Conclusion 845 Interplay of Semantic Communication and Knowledge Learning 87Fei Ni, Bingyan Wang, Rongpeng Li, Zhifeng Zhao, and Honggang Zhang5.1 Introduction 875.2 Basic Concepts and RelatedWorks 885.3 A KG-enhanced SemCom System 915.4 A KG Evolving-based SemCom System 995.5 LLM-assisted Data Augmentation for the KG Evolving-Based SemCom System 1045.6 Conclusion 1056 VISTA: A Semantic Communication Approach for Video Transmission 109Chengsi Liang, Xiangyi Deng, Yao Sun, Runze Cheng, Le Xia, Dusit Niyato, and Muhammad Ali Imran6.1 Introduction 1096.2 Video Transmission Framework in VISTA 1106.3 SLG-Based Transceiver Design in VISTA 1116.4 Simulation Results and Discussions 1166.5 Conclusions 1207 Content-Aware Robust Semantic Transmission of Images over Wireless Channels with GANs 123Xuyang Chen, Daquan Feng, Qi He, Yao Sun, and Xiang-Gen Xia7.1 Introduction 1237.2 System Model 1247.3 System Architecture 1277.4 Experimental Results 1277.5 Conclusion 1308 Semantic Communication in the Metaverse 133Yijing Lin, Zhipeng Gao, Hongyang Du, Jiacheng Wang, and Jiakang Zheng8.1 Introduction 1338.2 RelatedWork 1348.3 Unified Framework for SemCom in the Metaverse 1378.4 Zero-Knowledge Proof-Based Semantic Verification 1428.5 Diffusion Model-Based Resource Allocation 1478.6 Simulation Results 1528.7 Future Directions 1558.8 Conclusion 1579 Large Language Model-Assisted Semantic Communication Systems 163Shuaishuai Guo, Yanhu Wang, Biqian Feng, and Chenyuan Feng9.1 Introduction 1639.2 SSSC Using Pretrained LLMs 1659.3 SIAC Using Pretrained LLMs 1719.4 Future Direction of Using LLMs: Semantic Correction 1789.5 Conclusion 18010 RIS-Enhanced Semantic Communication 183Bohao Wang, Ruopeng Xu, Zhaohui Yang, and Chongwen Huang10.1 RIS-Empowered Communications 18310.2 Beamforming Design for RISs Enhanced Semantic Communications 18410.3 Privacy Protection in RIS-Assisted Semantic Communication System 18910.4 AI for RIS-Assisted Semantic Communications 19110.5 Conclusion 195Acronyms 195References 196Index 199

Yao Sun, PhD, is a Lecturer at the University of Glasgow, UK. His awards and honors include the IEEE Communication Society of TOAS Best Paper Award 2019 and the IEEE IoT Journal Best Paper Award 2022. He has served as a regular reviewer and editor for numerous international journals. Lan Zhang, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at Michigan Technological University, USA. She is also an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technologies, and has published widely on machine learning, wireless communications, and related fields. Dusit Niyato, PhD, is President’s Chair Professor in the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He serves as Editor-in-Chief for IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, as well as an Area Editor for IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology and an Editor for IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. Muhammad Ali Imran, PhD, is a Professor in Communications Systems at the University of Glasgow, UK, Dean of Transnational Engineering Education and Dean of Graduate Studies in the College of Science and Engineering. He has published high impact articles on wireless communications and sensing subjects.

• List of Contributions xiiiPreface xvii1 Intelligent Transceiver Design for Semantic Communication 1Yiwen Wang, Yijie Mao, and Zhaohui Yang1.1 Knowledge Base 11.2 Source and Channel Coding 41.3 Multiuser SC 71.4 Transceiver Design for Single-Modal and Multimodal Data 131.5 Challenges and Future Directions 162 Joint Cell Association and Spectrum Allocation in Semantic Communication Networks 23Le Xia, Yao Sun, and Muhammad Ali Imran2.1 Introduction 232.2 Semantic Communication Model 262.3 Optimal CA and SA Solution in the PKM-Based SC-Net 322.4 Optimal CA and SA Solution in the IKM-Based SC-Net 352.5 Numerical Results and Discussions 382.6 Conclusions 443 An End-to-End Semantic Communication Framework for Image Transmission 47Lei Feng, Yu Zhou, and Wenjing Li3.1 Introduction 473.2 The End-to-End Image Semantic Communication Framework Driven by Knowledge Graph 503.3 Semantic Similarity Measurement 593.4 Simulation 623.5 Conclusion 634 Robust Semantic Communications and Privacy Protection 67Xuefei Zhang4.1 Motivation and Introduction 674.2 Robust Semantic Communication 684.3 Knowledge Discrepancy-Oriented Privacy Protection for Semantic Communication 754.4 Conclusion 845 Interplay of Semantic Communication and Knowledge Learning 87Fei Ni, Bingyan Wang, Rongpeng Li, Zhifeng Zhao, and Honggang Zhang5.1 Introduction 875.2 Basic Concepts and RelatedWorks 885.3 A KG-enhanced SemCom System 915.4 A KG Evolving-based SemCom System 995.5 LLM-assisted Data Augmentation for the KG Evolving-Based SemCom System 1045.6 Conclusion 1056 VISTA: A Semantic Communication Approach for Video Transmission 109Chengsi Liang, Xiangyi Deng, Yao Sun, Runze Cheng, Le Xia, Dusit Niyato, and Muhammad Ali Imran6.1 Introduction 1096.2 Video Transmission Framework in VISTA 1106.3 SLG-Based Transceiver Design in VISTA 1116.4 Simulation Results and Discussions 1166.5 Conclusions 1207 Content-Aware Robust Semantic Transmission of Images over Wireless Channels with GANs 123Xuyang Chen, Daquan Feng, Qi He, Yao Sun, and Xiang-Gen Xia7.1 Introduction 1237.2 System Model 1247.3 System Architecture 1277.4 Experimental Results 1277.5 Conclusion 1308 Semantic Communication in the Metaverse 133Yijing Lin, Zhipeng Gao, Hongyang Du, Jiacheng Wang, and Jiakang Zheng8.1 Introduction 1338.2 RelatedWork 1348.3 Unified Framework for SemCom in the Metaverse 1378.4 Zero-Knowledge Proof-Based Semantic Verification 1428.5 Diffusion Model-Based Resource Allocation 1478.6 Simulation Results 1528.7 Future Directions 1558.8 Conclusion 1579 Large Language Model-Assisted Semantic Communication Systems 163Shuaishuai Guo, Yanhu Wang, Biqian Feng, and Chenyuan Feng9.1 Introduction 1639.2 SSSC Using Pretrained LLMs 1659.3 SIAC Using Pretrained LLMs 1719.4 Future Direction of Using LLMs: Semantic Correction 1789.5 Conclusion 18010 RIS-Enhanced Semantic Communication 183Bohao Wang, Ruopeng Xu, Zhaohui Yang, and Chongwen Huang10.1 RIS-Empowered Communications 18310.2 Beamforming Design for RISs Enhanced Semantic Communications 18410.3 Privacy Protection in RIS-Assisted Semantic Communication System 18910.4 AI for RIS-Assisted Semantic Communications 19110.5 Conclusion 195Acronyms 195References 196Index 199

Yao Sun, PhD, is a Lecturer at the University of Glasgow, UK. His awards and honors include the IEEE Communication Society of TOAS Best Paper Award 2019 and the IEEE IoT Journal Best Paper Award 2022. He has served as a regular reviewer and editor for numerous international journals. Lan Zhang, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at Michigan Technological University, USA. She is also an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technologies, and has published widely on machine learning, wireless communications, and related fields. Dusit Niyato, PhD, is President’s Chair Professor in the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He serves as Editor-in-Chief for IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, as well as an Area Editor for IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology and an Editor for IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. Muhammad Ali Imran, PhD, is a Professor in Communications Systems at the University of Glasgow, UK, Dean of Transnational Engineering Education and Dean of Graduate Studies in the College of Science and Engineering. He has published high impact articles on wireless communications and sensing subjects.

• List of Contributions xiiiPreface xvii1 Intelligent Transceiver Design for Semantic Communication 1Yiwen Wang, Yijie Mao, and Zhaohui Yang1.1 Knowledge Base 11.2 Source and Channel Coding 41.3 Multiuser SC 71.4 Transceiver Design for Single-Modal and Multimodal Data 131.5 Challenges and Future Directions 162 Joint Cell Association and Spectrum Allocation in Semantic Communication Networks 23Le Xia, Yao Sun, and Muhammad Ali Imran2.1 Introduction 232.2 Semantic Communication Model 262.3 Optimal CA and SA Solution in the PKM-Based SC-Net 322.4 Optimal CA and SA Solution in the IKM-Based SC-Net 352.5 Numerical Results and Discussions 382.6 Conclusions 443 An End-to-End Semantic Communication Framework for Image Transmission 47Lei Feng, Yu Zhou, and Wenjing Li3.1 Introduction 473.2 The End-to-End Image Semantic Communication Framework Driven by Knowledge Graph 503.3 Semantic Similarity Measurement 593.4 Simulation 623.5 Conclusion 634 Robust Semantic Communications and Privacy Protection 67Xuefei Zhang4.1 Motivation and Introduction 674.2 Robust Semantic Communication 684.3 Knowledge Discrepancy-Oriented Privacy Protection for Semantic Communication 754.4 Conclusion 845 Interplay of Semantic Communication and Knowledge Learning 87Fei Ni, Bingyan Wang, Rongpeng Li, Zhifeng Zhao, and Honggang Zhang5.1 Introduction 875.2 Basic Concepts and RelatedWorks 885.3 A KG-enhanced SemCom System 915.4 A KG Evolving-based SemCom System 995.5 LLM-assisted Data Augmentation for the KG Evolving-Based SemCom System 1045.6 Conclusion 1056 VISTA: A Semantic Communication Approach for Video Transmission 109Chengsi Liang, Xiangyi Deng, Yao Sun, Runze Cheng, Le Xia, Dusit Niyato, and Muhammad Ali Imran6.1 Introduction 1096.2 Video Transmission Framework in VISTA 1106.3 SLG-Based Transceiver Design in VISTA 1116.4 Simulation Results and Discussions 1166.5 Conclusions 1207 Content-Aware Robust Semantic Transmission of Images over Wireless Channels with GANs 123Xuyang Chen, Daquan Feng, Qi He, Yao Sun, and Xiang-Gen Xia7.1 Introduction 1237.2 System Model 1247.3 System Architecture 1277.4 Experimental Results 1277.5 Conclusion 1308 Semantic Communication in the Metaverse 133Yijing Lin, Zhipeng Gao, Hongyang Du, Jiacheng Wang, and Jiakang Zheng8.1 Introduction 1338.2 RelatedWork 1348.3 Unified Framework for SemCom in the Metaverse 1378.4 Zero-Knowledge Proof-Based Semantic Verification 1428.5 Diffusion Model-Based Resource Allocation 1478.6 Simulation Results 1528.7 Future Directions 1558.8 Conclusion 1579 Large Language Model-Assisted Semantic Communication Systems 163Shuaishuai Guo, Yanhu Wang, Biqian Feng, and Chenyuan Feng9.1 Introduction 1639.2 SSSC Using Pretrained LLMs 1659.3 SIAC Using Pretrained LLMs 1719.4 Future Direction of Using LLMs: Semantic Correction 1789.5 Conclusion 18010 RIS-Enhanced Semantic Communication 183Bohao Wang, Ruopeng Xu, Zhaohui Yang, and Chongwen Huang10.1 RIS-Empowered Communications 18310.2 Beamforming Design for RISs Enhanced Semantic Communications 18410.3 Privacy Protection in RIS-Assisted Semantic Communication System 18910.4 AI for RIS-Assisted Semantic Communications 19110.5 Conclusion 195Acronyms 195References 196Index 199