Urban Transportation Systems

Kundan Meshram, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Civil Engineering, at Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) Bilaspur (C.G.), India. He received his PhD in civil engineering from Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal, India. He has six patents and two books to his credit, as well as three book chapters and over 40 research papers in scientific journals and conferences. He was awarded the International Innovative Researcher in Civil Engineering award, RULA Peace Award, and the CPWD Medal and Best Paper Award from the Indian Road Congress.

• Preface xi1 Introduction to Sustainable Transportation 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Traffic and Transport Problems of an Urban City 21.3 Mass Transport System 41.4 Modes of Transportation and Characteristics 41.5 Public Transport System 81.6 Advantages and Disadvantages of Public Transport System 101.7 Role of Transportation in Mass Transportation Systems 101.8 Public-Private Transport System 111.9 Transportation Infrastructure 121.10 Introduction to Sustainable Transportation, and How It Can Solve Various Issues 132 Use of Sustainable Transportation for Urban Scenarios 192.1 Introduction to Urban Transportation Scenarios 192.2 Advanced Operation Concepts of Public Transportation 222.3 BRTS and Bus Lane System 242.4 Advantages and Limitations in Worldwide Transport Scenario 272.5 Advantages and Limitations in Indian Transport Scenario 292.6 Rail System and Its Types (in the Context of Monorail, Metro, etc.) 312.7 Advantages and Disadvantages of Rail System 332.8 Skywalk and Under Bridge and Its Advantages 352.9 Measuring Performance of Transit Systems 363 Background on Intelligent Transportation and Telemetric Systems 413.1 Introduction 413.2 Definitions 423.3 Features and Objectives of ITS 443.4 History of ITS and Its Development Over the World 453.5 Telemetric Concept 473.6 Transport Telemetric 493.7 Telemetric Structure 513.8 ITS Taxonomy 533.9 ITS Application Areas and Uses 553.10 Application in Urban Transportation 584 Use of ITS for Deployment of Sustainable Transportation Models 634.1 Introduction 644.2 How ITS can be Used to Maintain Sustainability 664.3 Advanced Traffic Management Systems 704.4 Advanced Traveler Information Systems 734.5 Advanced Vehicle Control System 754.6 Commercial Vehicle Operational Management 774.7 Advanced Public Transportation Systems 804.8 Electronic Payment Systems 824.9 Advanced Urban Transportation Models 864.10 Security and Safety Systems 884.11 Urban Traffic Control 904.12 Benefits and Limitations of ITS for Sustainable Transportation 945 Artificial Intelligence-Based Transportation System 995.1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence 995.2 Components of Transportation System that Require Optimization 1025.3 Role of Artificial Intelligence in Optimization of these Components 1085.4 Congestion Control with Artificial Intelligence 1095.5 Accident Avoidance with Artificial Intelligence 1125.6 Active Alert System Design with Artificial Intelligence 1156 Introduction of Signal Processing for Sustainable Transport 1276.1 Introduction 1286.2 Signal Processing Overview 1296.3 Fundamentals of Image Processing 1316.4 Fundamental Signals (1-D, 2-D, and 3-D) 1336.5 Classification of Systems 1356.6 Characteristics of LTI/LSI Systems 1376.7 Application of Image Processing in Urban Transportation Systems 1387 Geographic Information System-Based Transportation System 1437.1 Introduction to Geographic Information System 1447.2 Sources of GIS 1477.3 Role of GIS in Transportation 1507.4 Assessment of Roads, and Railways Using GIS 1537.5 Case Study of Smart City GIS 1568 Deployment of Sustainability for Non-Motorized Transportation Systems 1618.1 Introduction 1618.2 Components of NMT 1628.3 Categories of NMT 1658.4 Planning Smart Cities to Facilitate NMT 1678.5 Effect of NMT Planning on Healthcare 1708.6 Use of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Integrating Sustainability in NMTs 1749 Sustainability for Pedestrian Safety Applications 1819.1 Introduction 1829.2 Urban Pedestrian Safety—Skyways, Intersection Subways, Halt Stations 1849.3 Crossing Measures 1889.4 Flexibility in Accessibility 1929.5 Design of Collision Control Systems for Intersections to Improve Pedestrian Safety 1969.6 Design of Use Case for Pedestrian Safety for Sustainable Operations 20010 Environmental Impact Assessment 20710.1 Introduction 20810.2 Description of Proposed Activity 21110.3 Structural Audits 21210.4 Analysis of Site Selection Procedure 21410.5 Baseline Conditions/Major Concerns 21610.6 Green Building and Its Advantages 21810.7 Description of Potential Positive and Negative Environmental, Social, Economic, and Cultural Impacts Including Cumulative, Regional, Temporal, and Spatial Considerations 22110.8 Significance of Mitigation Plans and Monitoring Plans 22511 Traffic Flow Analysis 23111.1 Introduction 23111.2 Study Area 23311.3 Data Collection 23411.4 Development of Relationship Between Speed, Flow, and Density 23611.5 Recommendations 24212 Machine Learning-Based Traffic Operation System 24512.1 Introduction 24512.2 Literature Review 24712.3 Proposed Integrated Machine Learning Model for Improving Highway Traffic Maintenance Efficiency with IoT Devices 25212.4 Performance Analysis 25512.5 Conclusion and Future Scope 25913 Traffic Scenario: Efficient Model for Accident Analysis 26313.1 Introduction 26413.2 Motivation and Contributions 26513.3 Review of Existing Models 26613.4 Comparative Analysis 28413.5 Design of the Proposed Model 29713.6 Result Analysis 30113.7 Conclusions and Future Scope 31214 Smart Vehicle Scenarios in Urban Transportation Through Blockchain and Advanced Machine Learning Techniques 31914.1 Introduction 32014.2 Motivation and Contribution 32114.3 Literature Review 32214.4 Comparative Analysis of Reviewed Models 35014.5 Design of the Proposed Model 36314.6 Result Analysis 36714.7 Conclusion and Future Scope 377Future Scope 378References 378Appendix 1 385Index 399