Philippe Quevauviller, PhD, HDR, spent decades at the European Commission coordinating disaster resilience research programming and developing the Community for European Research and Innovation for Security initiative. He has also been an Associate Professor at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel and scientific writer with over 250 papers and 20 books published. As a retired EC official, he pursues activities in arts-sciences fusion in support of disaster societal resilience. Cristina Longo, PhD, is a Research Programme Administrator at the Research Executive Agency of the European Commission, managing project evaluation in crisis management and disaster resilience. She previously served as scientific project officer at the EC Joint Research Centre for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Centres of Excellence. Giannis Skiadaresis is the European Commission’s Area Coordinator for Disaster Resilient Societies (DRS) in the Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs (DG HOME). His experience in foresight, new technologies and innovation, disaster management and policy allows him to combine operational understanding with strategic planning and policy implementation.

• Foreword xixSeries Preface xxviiThe Authors xxxi1 Disaster Threats in Europe 11.1 Disaster Risk Landscape in Europe 11.2 Climate Change 41.3 Geophysical Hazards 181.4 Health and Plant Hazards 191.5 Societal Risks and Accidental Threats 261.6 Security Threats 331.7 Emerging Risks 401.8 Progress, Challenges and Prospects 441.9 Conclusions 462 EU Disaster Risk Reduction Policies 492.1 Introduction 492.2 DRR Policy Framework 542.3 DRR National Risk Assessments and EU Actions 712.4 Conclusions and Future Directions for Disaster Risk Management 1053 Science- Policy Interface 1133.1 Introduction 1133.2 Governance and Knowledge Transfer 1143.3 Interactions with the Scientific Community 1173.4 Concept of Science and Policy Interface 1193.5 Matching Research with Policy Needs 1203.6 Conclusions 1254 EU Community- Building in Support of DRR 1274.1 Introduction: The Community of Users (CoU) 1274.2 Ceris 1374.3 CERIS and UCPKN 1455 EU Funding Instruments 1495.1 Introduction 1495.2 Horizon Europe 1495.3 Capacity- Building 1565.4 Education and Training 1596 EU Research on Disaster- Resilient Societies (DRS) 1616.1 Introduction 1616.2 First Wave of DRS Topics Under H2020: Safeguarding and Securing Society, Including Adapting to Climate Change 1656.3 Second Wave of DRS Topics Under H2020 1856.4 Third Wave of DRS Topics Under H 2020 1956.5 Horizon Europe: Civil Security for Society – First Wave 2056.6 Horizon Europe Civil Security for Society – Second Wave 2296.7 Conclusions 2457 Societal Resilience 2477.1 Introduction 2477.2 Operationalising Resilience Concepts, Ethical/Societal Dimension and Public Awareness/Preparedness 2487.3 Disaster Resilience and Climate Change, Risk Reduction and Innovation Plans 2727.4 Conclusions 2848 Disaster Risk Management and Governance 2898.1 Introduction 2898.2 Integrated Tools for Response Planning and Scenario Building 2908.3 Enhanced Assessment of (Multi- Hazard) Disaster Risks and Preparedness 2938.4 Integrated Disaster Risk Reduction for Extreme Climate Events 3048.5 Improved Impact Forecasting and Early Warning Systems Supporting the Rapid Deployment of First Responders in Vulnerable Areas 3098.6 Strengthening Capacity- Building, Management of Pandemic Crisis and Disaster Response to Health Emergencies 3138.7 Critical Infrastructure Protection 3188.8 Pan- European Networks of Practitioners 3248.9 Conclusions 3309 Technologies and Integrated Solutions for First and Second Responders 3339.1 Introduction 3339.2 Technologies for First Responders 3349.3 Technologies for Health Monitoring and Medical First Responders 3559.4 Communication Technologies and Interoperability for Emergency Management 3709.5 Pan- European Networks of Practitioners 3769.6 Conclusions 38110 Integrated and Policy- Driven Approach to CBRN Threats 38710.1 Introduction 38710.2 Mass CBRN Contamination and/or Exposure: Tools for Detection, Traceability, Triage and Individual Monitoring of Victims 38910.3 CBRN Cluster 39210.4 Enhanced Situational Awareness, Detection, Prevention and Capacities 40410.5 Networking of CBRN- E Training Centres and of Practitioners 41410.6 Conclusions 42011 Interoperability and Support to Standardisation 42311.1 Introduction 42311.2 Addressing Standardisation Opportunities in Support of Increasing Disaster Resilience in Europe 42411.3 Pre- Normative Research and Demonstration for Disaster- Resilient Societies 42811.4 Conclusions 44112 Conclusions and Perspectives 44312.1 Introduction 44312.2 The Changing Context of Disaster Resilience in Europe 44312.3 Evolution of the DRS Agenda in Horizon Europe 44412.4 Integrating Science, Technology and Society in DRS 44412.5 Thematic Synthesis: Towards a ‘Resilience Union’ 44512.6 Global and Cross- Border Perspectives 44612.7 Governance, Innovation and Uptake Pathways 44612.8 Lessons Learnt from Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe (2021– 2025) 44712.9 Emerging Challenges Beyond 2027 44712.10 The DRS Way Forward: A Strategic Vision 44812.11 Final Reflections: From Preparedness to a Culture of Resilience 44812.12 Series Editor’s Final Words 449References 451Index 501

Philippe Quevauviller, PhD, HDR, spent decades at the European Commission coordinating disaster resilience research programming and developing the Community for European Research and Innovation for Security initiative. He has also been an Associate Professor at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel and scientific writer with over 250 papers and 20 books published. As a retired EC official, he pursues activities in arts-sciences fusion in support of disaster societal resilience. Cristina Longo, PhD, is a Research Programme Administrator at the Research Executive Agency of the European Commission, managing project evaluation in crisis management and disaster resilience. She previously served as scientific project officer at the EC Joint Research Centre for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Centres of Excellence. Giannis Skiadaresis is the European Commission’s Area Coordinator for Disaster Resilient Societies (DRS) in the Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs (DG HOME). His experience in foresight, new technologies and innovation, disaster management and policy allows him to combine operational understanding with strategic planning and policy implementation.

• Foreword xixSeries Preface xxviiThe Authors xxxi1 Disaster Threats in Europe 11.1 Disaster Risk Landscape in Europe 11.2 Climate Change 41.3 Geophysical Hazards 181.4 Health and Plant Hazards 191.5 Societal Risks and Accidental Threats 261.6 Security Threats 331.7 Emerging Risks 401.8 Progress, Challenges and Prospects 441.9 Conclusions 462 EU Disaster Risk Reduction Policies 492.1 Introduction 492.2 DRR Policy Framework 542.3 DRR National Risk Assessments and EU Actions 712.4 Conclusions and Future Directions for Disaster Risk Management 1053 Science- Policy Interface 1133.1 Introduction 1133.2 Governance and Knowledge Transfer 1143.3 Interactions with the Scientific Community 1173.4 Concept of Science and Policy Interface 1193.5 Matching Research with Policy Needs 1203.6 Conclusions 1254 EU Community- Building in Support of DRR 1274.1 Introduction: The Community of Users (CoU) 1274.2 Ceris 1374.3 CERIS and UCPKN 1455 EU Funding Instruments 1495.1 Introduction 1495.2 Horizon Europe 1495.3 Capacity- Building 1565.4 Education and Training 1596 EU Research on Disaster- Resilient Societies (DRS) 1616.1 Introduction 1616.2 First Wave of DRS Topics Under H2020: Safeguarding and Securing Society, Including Adapting to Climate Change 1656.3 Second Wave of DRS Topics Under H2020 1856.4 Third Wave of DRS Topics Under H 2020 1956.5 Horizon Europe: Civil Security for Society – First Wave 2056.6 Horizon Europe Civil Security for Society – Second Wave 2296.7 Conclusions 2457 Societal Resilience 2477.1 Introduction 2477.2 Operationalising Resilience Concepts, Ethical/Societal Dimension and Public Awareness/Preparedness 2487.3 Disaster Resilience and Climate Change, Risk Reduction and Innovation Plans 2727.4 Conclusions 2848 Disaster Risk Management and Governance 2898.1 Introduction 2898.2 Integrated Tools for Response Planning and Scenario Building 2908.3 Enhanced Assessment of (Multi- Hazard) Disaster Risks and Preparedness 2938.4 Integrated Disaster Risk Reduction for Extreme Climate Events 3048.5 Improved Impact Forecasting and Early Warning Systems Supporting the Rapid Deployment of First Responders in Vulnerable Areas 3098.6 Strengthening Capacity- Building, Management of Pandemic Crisis and Disaster Response to Health Emergencies 3138.7 Critical Infrastructure Protection 3188.8 Pan- European Networks of Practitioners 3248.9 Conclusions 3309 Technologies and Integrated Solutions for First and Second Responders 3339.1 Introduction 3339.2 Technologies for First Responders 3349.3 Technologies for Health Monitoring and Medical First Responders 3559.4 Communication Technologies and Interoperability for Emergency Management 3709.5 Pan- European Networks of Practitioners 3769.6 Conclusions 38110 Integrated and Policy- Driven Approach to CBRN Threats 38710.1 Introduction 38710.2 Mass CBRN Contamination and/or Exposure: Tools for Detection, Traceability, Triage and Individual Monitoring of Victims 38910.3 CBRN Cluster 39210.4 Enhanced Situational Awareness, Detection, Prevention and Capacities 40410.5 Networking of CBRN- E Training Centres and of Practitioners 41410.6 Conclusions 42011 Interoperability and Support to Standardisation 42311.1 Introduction 42311.2 Addressing Standardisation Opportunities in Support of Increasing Disaster Resilience in Europe 42411.3 Pre- Normative Research and Demonstration for Disaster- Resilient Societies 42811.4 Conclusions 44112 Conclusions and Perspectives 44312.1 Introduction 44312.2 The Changing Context of Disaster Resilience in Europe 44312.3 Evolution of the DRS Agenda in Horizon Europe 44412.4 Integrating Science, Technology and Society in DRS 44412.5 Thematic Synthesis: Towards a ‘Resilience Union’ 44512.6 Global and Cross- Border Perspectives 44612.7 Governance, Innovation and Uptake Pathways 44612.8 Lessons Learnt from Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe (2021– 2025) 44712.9 Emerging Challenges Beyond 2027 44712.10 The DRS Way Forward: A Strategic Vision 44812.11 Final Reflections: From Preparedness to a Culture of Resilience 44812.12 Series Editor’s Final Words 449References 451Index 501

Philippe Quevauviller, PhD, HDR, spent decades at the European Commission coordinating disaster resilience research programming and developing the Community for European Research and Innovation for Security initiative. He has also been an Associate Professor at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel and scientific writer with over 250 papers and 20 books published. As a retired EC official, he pursues activities in arts-sciences fusion in support of disaster societal resilience. Cristina Longo, PhD, is a Research Programme Administrator at the Research Executive Agency of the European Commission, managing project evaluation in crisis management and disaster resilience. She previously served as scientific project officer at the EC Joint Research Centre for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Centres of Excellence. Giannis Skiadaresis is the European Commission’s Area Coordinator for Disaster Resilient Societies (DRS) in the Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs (DG HOME). His experience in foresight, new technologies and innovation, disaster management and policy allows him to combine operational understanding with strategic planning and policy implementation.

• Foreword xixSeries Preface xxviiThe Authors xxxi1 Disaster Threats in Europe 11.1 Disaster Risk Landscape in Europe 11.2 Climate Change 41.3 Geophysical Hazards 181.4 Health and Plant Hazards 191.5 Societal Risks and Accidental Threats 261.6 Security Threats 331.7 Emerging Risks 401.8 Progress, Challenges and Prospects 441.9 Conclusions 462 EU Disaster Risk Reduction Policies 492.1 Introduction 492.2 DRR Policy Framework 542.3 DRR National Risk Assessments and EU Actions 712.4 Conclusions and Future Directions for Disaster Risk Management 1053 Science- Policy Interface 1133.1 Introduction 1133.2 Governance and Knowledge Transfer 1143.3 Interactions with the Scientific Community 1173.4 Concept of Science and Policy Interface 1193.5 Matching Research with Policy Needs 1203.6 Conclusions 1254 EU Community- Building in Support of DRR 1274.1 Introduction: The Community of Users (CoU) 1274.2 Ceris 1374.3 CERIS and UCPKN 1455 EU Funding Instruments 1495.1 Introduction 1495.2 Horizon Europe 1495.3 Capacity- Building 1565.4 Education and Training 1596 EU Research on Disaster- Resilient Societies (DRS) 1616.1 Introduction 1616.2 First Wave of DRS Topics Under H2020: Safeguarding and Securing Society, Including Adapting to Climate Change 1656.3 Second Wave of DRS Topics Under H2020 1856.4 Third Wave of DRS Topics Under H 2020 1956.5 Horizon Europe: Civil Security for Society – First Wave 2056.6 Horizon Europe Civil Security for Society – Second Wave 2296.7 Conclusions 2457 Societal Resilience 2477.1 Introduction 2477.2 Operationalising Resilience Concepts, Ethical/Societal Dimension and Public Awareness/Preparedness 2487.3 Disaster Resilience and Climate Change, Risk Reduction and Innovation Plans 2727.4 Conclusions 2848 Disaster Risk Management and Governance 2898.1 Introduction 2898.2 Integrated Tools for Response Planning and Scenario Building 2908.3 Enhanced Assessment of (Multi- Hazard) Disaster Risks and Preparedness 2938.4 Integrated Disaster Risk Reduction for Extreme Climate Events 3048.5 Improved Impact Forecasting and Early Warning Systems Supporting the Rapid Deployment of First Responders in Vulnerable Areas 3098.6 Strengthening Capacity- Building, Management of Pandemic Crisis and Disaster Response to Health Emergencies 3138.7 Critical Infrastructure Protection 3188.8 Pan- European Networks of Practitioners 3248.9 Conclusions 3309 Technologies and Integrated Solutions for First and Second Responders 3339.1 Introduction 3339.2 Technologies for First Responders 3349.3 Technologies for Health Monitoring and Medical First Responders 3559.4 Communication Technologies and Interoperability for Emergency Management 3709.5 Pan- European Networks of Practitioners 3769.6 Conclusions 38110 Integrated and Policy- Driven Approach to CBRN Threats 38710.1 Introduction 38710.2 Mass CBRN Contamination and/or Exposure: Tools for Detection, Traceability, Triage and Individual Monitoring of Victims 38910.3 CBRN Cluster 39210.4 Enhanced Situational Awareness, Detection, Prevention and Capacities 40410.5 Networking of CBRN- E Training Centres and of Practitioners 41410.6 Conclusions 42011 Interoperability and Support to Standardisation 42311.1 Introduction 42311.2 Addressing Standardisation Opportunities in Support of Increasing Disaster Resilience in Europe 42411.3 Pre- Normative Research and Demonstration for Disaster- Resilient Societies 42811.4 Conclusions 44112 Conclusions and Perspectives 44312.1 Introduction 44312.2 The Changing Context of Disaster Resilience in Europe 44312.3 Evolution of the DRS Agenda in Horizon Europe 44412.4 Integrating Science, Technology and Society in DRS 44412.5 Thematic Synthesis: Towards a ‘Resilience Union’ 44512.6 Global and Cross- Border Perspectives 44612.7 Governance, Innovation and Uptake Pathways 44612.8 Lessons Learnt from Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe (2021– 2025) 44712.9 Emerging Challenges Beyond 2027 44712.10 The DRS Way Forward: A Strategic Vision 44812.11 Final Reflections: From Preparedness to a Culture of Resilience 44812.12 Series Editor’s Final Words 449References 451Index 501