Energy Efficient Internet of Things-Based Wireless Sensor Network

Arvind Panwar, PhD is an Associate Professor in the School of Computing Science and Engineering at Galgotias University, India with more than ten years of teaching experience. He has published more than 20 research papers in international journals and conferences and five Indian patents, one of which has been granted. His areas of interest include blockchain technology, distributed ledger technology, data science, machine learning, data mining, and network security. Vishal Jain, PhD is a Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering in the School of Engineering and Technology at Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies’ Technical Campus, India. He has published more than 250 research papers in professional journals and conferences and more than 70 books and edited ten book series. His research areas include machine learning, information retrieval, semantic web, ontology engineering, data mining, ad hoc networks, sensor networks, and network security. Urvashi Sugandh, PhD is an Assistant Professor at Galgotias University and a Professor at Chitkara University, India with more than 12 years of research and teaching experience. She has published seven journal articles, ten conference papers, 11 book chapters, edited two books, and 11 patents, six of which have been granted. Her expertise spans blockchain technology, cybersecurity, and Internet of Things applications. Vinay Kukreja, PhD is a Professor and the Director of Research in the Office of Research Publications at Chitkara University, India with more than 18 years of experience. He has published more than 600 articles, three books, four edited volumes, and 50 patents. His research interests encompass machine learning, deep learning, agile software development, image processing, data analysis, and structural equation modeling.

• Preface xxviiPart 1: Fundamentals and Architecture 11 Understanding the Energy-Efficiency Paradigm in Modern WSN-IoT Integration Fundamental Concepts 3Urvashi Sugandh, Achin Jain, Sunita Yadav, Neha Sharma, Arvind Panwar and Vishal Jain1.1 Introduction 41.2 Fundamental Concepts of WSN-IoT Integration 61.3 Energy Consumption Patterns 121.4 Core Challenges in Energy-Efficient WSN-IoT Systems 151.5 Modern Energy-Efficiency Techniques 181.6 Implementation Considerations 211.7 Future Directions and Emerging Solutions 231.8 Conclusion 262 Energy Efficient WSN in IoT: Introduction 33Seema Malik, R.K. Yadav, Birendra Saraswat and Ambuj Kumar2.1 Wireless Sensor Network 332.2 Various Types of WSN 362.3 Structure of WSN 382.4 Network Topologies of WSN 442.5 Routing in WSN 462.6 Clustering in WSN 502.7 Mobile Sink Based WSN 542.8 Coverage in WSN 552.9 QoS Parameters in WSN 572.10 Applications of WSN 572.11 Conclusion and Future Scopes 603 Energy-Efficient Architectures and Protocols in Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Wireless Sensor Networks 67Ipseeta Satpathy, Arpita Nayak and Vishal Jain3.1 Introduction 683.2 Research Questions 713.3 Research Objectives 713.4 Energy Efficient Protocols 723.5 Energy Harvesting Techniques for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) 753.6 Optimizing Sensor Node Design for Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks 793.7 The Ideal Data Handling for Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks 834 Enhancing Energy Efficiency in IoT Via Cellular Network Integration 91Manoj Singh Adhikari, Ritika Gupta, Dharm Raj, Anil Kumar Sagar, Danish Ather and Amrit Kumar Agrawal4.1 Introduction 924.2 Cellular Network 934.3 Internet of Things 964.4 Integration of Cellular Network with IoT Technology 1074.5 Security and Privacy in Cellular IoT 1114.6 Recent Advancement 1194.7 Future Direction 1234.8 Conclusion 1245 Green IoT Sustainable Energy Solutions for WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) 135Sanchita Ghosh, Piyal Roy, Amitava Podder, Saptarshi Kumar Sarkar and Bitan Roy5.1 Introduction 1365.2 Overview of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) 1385.3 Green IoT: Concept and Principles 1415.4 Sustainable Energy Solutions for WSNs 1455.5 Integration of Green IoT and Sustainable Energy in WSNs 1485.6 Challenges and Future Directions 1505.7 Conclusion 1536 A Comprehensive Review of Wireless Communication Standards for Smart Grid 157L. Chhaya6.1 Introduction 1586.2 Wireless Communication Standards for Smart Grid 1596.3 Comparison and Applications of Different Standards 1816.4 Conclusions 184Part 2: Energy-Efficient Protocols and Techniques 1877 Edge Computing for Energy Efficient IoT 189Sheetal Agarwal and Rupal Gupta7.1 Introduction 1897.2 IoT 1927.3 Cloud Computing 2037.4 Edge Computing 2077.5 Challenges in Traditional IoT Architectures 2107.6 Edge Computing for Energy Efficient IoT 2117.7 Future Directions 2127.8 Conclusion 2138 Energy-Aware Routing Protocols in IoT-Based WSN 217Shikha Verma and Vimal Dwivedi8.1 Introduction 2178.2 Characteristics and Challenges of Routing Protocols in IoT-Based WSN 2198.3 Designing Challenges for WSNs Routing Protocols 2198.4 Different Routing Protocols in IoT-Based WSN 2218.5 Comparative Study of Four Prominent IoT-Based WSN Protocols 2298.6 Conclusion 2329 Energy Aware Routing Protocols in IoT Based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) 235Sonia Singh and Neha Gupta9.1 Introduction 2369.2 Traditional Approaches of Energy-Aware Routing Protocols 2379.3 Categories of Energy-Aware Routing Protocols 2399.4 A Brief Comparison of Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols 2519.5 Strategies for Optimizing Energy Utilization 2569.6 Impact of IoT-Specific Characteristics 2589.7 Challenges in IoT Deployments 2609.8 Suitability for Diverse IoT Applications 2629.9 Performance Metrics for Routing Protocols 2649.10 Emerging Trends and Future Directions 2669.11 Conclusion 2679.12 Future Research Opportunities 26810 Cross-Layer Optimization Employing Energy Efficient Routing Protocols in WSN 273Lina Elmoiz Alatabani, Rashid A. Saeed and Elmustafa Sayed Ali10.1 Introduction 27410.2 Related Work 27610.3 WSN Architecture and Constraints 27810.4 Energy Efficient Routing Protocols 28410.5 Cross-Layer Framework Application in WSN 29010.6 Optimization Techniques for Energy Efficiency 29610.7 Case Studies and Real-World Applications 30210.8 Future Trends and Research Directions 31210.9 Conclusion 31411 Adaptive Blast Radius Optimization for Energy-Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks and IoT 319J. Viji Gripsy, L. Sheeba, M. Sasikala and Bobby Lukose11.1 Introduction 31911.2 Literature Review 32411.3 Proposed Methodology 32711.4 Results and Discussion 33211.5 Conclusion and Future Enhancement 33512 An Energy-Efficient Load Distribution Clustering (EELDC) Algorithm Improves the Energy Efficiency of IoT‑Based Wireless Sensor Networks 341G. Indra Navaroj, E. Golden Julie, S. Jerine Peter and A. Ananthakumari12.1 Introduction 34212.2 Related Works 34412.3 Proposed Method 34812.4 Results 35512.5 Conclusion 35613 Enhance the Security Protocols of Wireless Sensor Network Using an Ant-Based Approach 359Renu Jangra and Ramesh Kait13.1 Introduction 36013.2 Literature Survey 36113.3 Attacks in Wireless Sensor Network 36413.4 Security Challenges 36513.5 Securing Wireless Sensor Networks 36613.6 Cryptography 36713.7 Proposed Algorithm Flowchart 37013.8 Experimental Results 37113.9 Summary 375Part 3: Applications and Integration 37914 IoT Integrated Wireless Network in Medical and Healthcare Sectors 381Rakesh Kumar Dhaka, Sampurna Panda, Babita Panda and Naeem Hannoon14.1 Introduction 38214.2 Why Use Wireless Networks in Healthcare Applications 38314.3 Who Stands to Gain 38314.4 Obstacles & Problems Along the Way 38414.5 Utilized Wireless Networking Technologies 38614.6 Standards 38814.7 The Role of Applications in Research 38914.8 Commercial Utilizations 39214.9 LifeSync Wireless ECG System 39214.10 Radio and Modules for Embedded Wireless Device Servers 39214.11 Directions of the Future 39414.12 Summarization 39615 Integrating Big Data Analytics and IoT Technologies for Enhanced Industrial Efficiency: A Comprehensive Mapping Study 401Muhammad Younus, Halimah Abdul Manaf, Achmad Nurmandi, Dyah Mutiarin, Andi Luhur Prianto, Imron Sohsan, Bambang Irawan, Zuly Qodir, Rijal Ramdani, Bilveer Singh and Dimas Zulkarnain Rosadi15.1 Introduction 40215.2 Literature Review 40415.3 Research Method 41415.4 Results and Discussion 41515.5 Conclusion 42516 Energy Efficient Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Agriculture 429N. Suthanthira Vanitha, G. Sudha, J. Gowrishankar, K. Radhika, A. Kalaiyarasan and S. Grace Infantiya16.1 Introduction 43016.2 Architecture of WSN and IoT in Smart Agriculture 43116.3 IoT-WSNs Technologies 43516.4 WSN-IoT Communication Protocol Methods 43916.5 Applications of IoT and WSNs in Smart Agriculture 44016.6 Challenges of IoT-WSNs in Smart Agriculture 44416.7 Future Prospects 44616.8 Conclusion 44617 Enhancing Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Network Techniques with Internet of Things (IoT) Using Artificial Intelligence 453Dina Darwish and Kali Charan Rath17.1 Introduction 45417.2 IoT's Role in WSN 45617.3 WSN's Challenges in the IoT 45817.4 Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Network Techniques with Internet of Things (IoT) 46017.5 IoT and Associated Future Technology 46517.6 Conclusion 46818 Machine Learning for Energy Prediction in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) 473Shilpi Gupta, R. Girija, Namita Kathpal, Savita Kumari and Vimlesh Singh18.1 Introduction 47418.2 About ML and Its Techniques 47618.3 Methodology 48518.4 Research Issues and Solutions 48818.5 Conclusion and Future Scope 49019 Integrated Machine Learning and Reinforcement Learning Framework for Optimizing Performance in Wireless Sensor Networks 497J. Angel Ida Chellam, Harshini Manoharan, R. Shijitha and J. Mythili19.1 Introduction 49819.2 Literature Review 49919.3 Machine Learning for Energy Prediction 50119.4 Key Applications of RL in WSNs 51019.5 Common RL Techniques in WSNs 51319.6 Integrated Machine Learning and Reinforcement Learning Framework for Optimized Wireless Sensor Networks 51519.7 Results and Discussion 51719.8 Conclusion 52320 Architectural Framework for Blockchain-Based Energy Management in Wireless Sensors Networks 527Urvashi Sugandh, Achin Jain, Arvind Panwar, Sunita Yadav, Chandan Pal Singh and Kuldeep Singh Kaswan20.1 Introduction 52820.2 Background Concepts 53020.3 Energy Management Challenges in WSNs 53820.4 Blockchain Integration in WSN Architecture 54120.5 Energy Management Framework 54420.6 Future Directions and Challenges 54720.7 Conclusion 549Part 4: Challenges and Advanced Solutions 55721 Analysis of Security Challenges in Next-Generation Wireless Networks 559Vivek Yadav, Manju Khari, Kapil Kumar, Intekhab Alam and Ayush Verma21.1 Introduction 56021.2 Wireless Network Evolution 56021.3 Literature Review 56321.4 Architecture Analysis 56521.5 Analysis of 4G Architecture 56621.6 5G Architecture Analysis 56821.7 Speculative Insights into 6G Architecture 56921.8 Attack and Threats on 4G Networks 57121.9 Attacks and Threats on 5G Networks 57121.10 Speculative Insights into Attacks and Threats on 6G Networks 57221.11 Application of 4G Wireless Network 57721.12 Application of 5G Wireless Network 57721.13 Speculative Application of 6G Wireless Network 57821.14 Conclusive Outcomes of 4G, 5G, and 6G Network Technology 57821.15 Conclusion 58621.16 Future Scope 58722 Energy Efficient Harvesting Technologies for Wireless Sensor Networks: An Overview 591N. Suthanthira Vanitha, M. Shenbagapriya, A. Karthikeyan, S. Valarmathy, K. Radhika and D. Anbuselvi22.1 Introduction 59222.2 Energy Harvesting Sources 59322.3 Energy Harvesting Techniques 59422.4 Energy Storage Systems (ESS) 59922.5 Architectures of Energy Harvesting 60022.6 Challeges and Further Prospects 60222.7 Conclusion 60323 Energy Challenges in IoT-Based Wireless Sensor Network Deployment: Perspectives and Solutions 607Neha Sharma, Arvind Panwar, Urvashi Sugandh, Rakesh Sharma and Chandan Pal Singh23.1 Introduction 60823.2 Energy Consumption Patterns in Sensor Nodes 60923.3 Energy Harvesting Techniques 61123.4 Energy-Efficient Communication Protocols 61223.5 Cross-Layer Optimization for Energy Efficiency 61523.6 Emerging Paradigms for Energy-Efficient WSN Deployment 61623.7 Future Research Directions 61923.8 Conclusion 62124 Unveiling Energy Harvesting Solutions for Enhanced Wireless Sensor Network Efficiency 627G. Gnana Priya, K. Balasubadra and K. Mumtaj Begam24.1 Introduction 62824.2 Overview of RF-EHNs 63024.3 Applications of RF EH WSNs 64724.4 Conclusion 64825 Promoting Sustainability: Energy Harvesting Strategies That Enhance the Long-Term Viability of Internet-of-Things–Based Wireless Sensor Networks 653Ankita Nayak, Ipseeta Satpathy and Vishal Jain25.1 Introduction 65425.2 Invigorating IoT: Sensor Networks' Use of Energy Harvesting Technologies 65625.3 Combating Challenges and Capitalizing on Opportunities in IoT Energy Harvesting 65925.4 Sustainable Sensor Networks: Essential Design Fundamentals for Energy Consuming Internet-of-Things Devices 66025.5 Considering Efficiency: Advances in Energy Management for Internet-of-Things Networks 66225.6 Obtaining Ecological and Financial Footprints: Examining the Effects of Sustainable Internet of Things and Standard Compliances 66325.7 Determining the Trail for Future IoT Innovations 66625.8 Conclusion 66826 Security Considerations in Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks 673Nikhil Kumar Goyal, Monika Dandotiya, Monika Kumari, Vinita Kushwah and A. Anushya26.1 Introduction 67426.2 Energy-Efficient Cryptographic Algorithms and Security in WSN 68126.3 Detection System for WSNs 68526.4 Authentication Protocol for Users in WSNs 68726.5 Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks 69026.6 Regulatory and Compliance Considerations in Wireless Sensor Network 69326.7 Applications of Wireless Sensor Network 69726.8 Conclusion 70027 Energy Challenges in IoT-Based WSN Deployment 705Sonal Laad, Hari Narayan Shukla, Tushar Chaurasia, Richa Patel, Akhilesh Panchal and Nasser S. Albalawi27.1 Introduction 70627.2 Literature Study of the Existing Research 70827.3 Methodology of Bit-Mapping MAC for MWSN (BMMMWSN) and Contention-Based Hybrid MAC for MWSN (CBHM-MWSN) 71427.4 Discussion 71727.5 Conclusion 717References 718Index 731