Metaverse-Based Digital Twins

Rishabha Malviya, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Pharmacy in the School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University with over 13 years of experience. He has published 58 books and over 150 research papers for national and international journals and serves as an editorial board member and reviewer for over 40 journals. He has also been granted over 20 international patents and has an additional 40 under review. His research interests include formulation optimization, nanoformulation, targeted drug delivery, artificial intelligence in healthcare, localized drug delivery, and characterization of natural polymers as pharmaceutical excipients. Shivam Rajput is an assistant professor at the IITM College of Pharmacy, Sonipat, Hariyana. He has published three books, eight articles in international journals, and one patent and presented papers at over ten international conferences. His research interests include nanoformulations, cancer nanomedicine, and green nanotechnology for therapeutic applications.

• Preface xiii1 Digital Twins in the Metaverse: An Overview and Their Applications in Healthcare 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Introduction to Metaverse 31.3 Metaverse-Based Technologies 61.4 Immersive Technology 71.5 Digital Twin 121.6 Various Other Potential Metaverse Health Applications 151.7 Conclusion 182 Metaverse-Based Digital Twin and Investigating Its Applications in Dentistry 252.1 Introduction 252.2 Various Models of Metaverse 272.3 Benefits of Metaverse in Dental Healthcare 292.4 Digital Human 312.5 Blockchain Uses in Dentistry and Health Care 332.6 Metaverse in Dentistry and Healthcare 332.7 Conclusion 373 Role of Metaverse in Cardiology and in Cardiac Catheterization 413.1 Introduction 423.2 Metaverse Definition 433.3 The Rise of the Metaverse Application in Healthcare 443.4 The Promise of the Metaverse in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Health 453.5 Application of Metaverse in Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory 473.6 Components of the Future Catheterization Laboratory 473.7 Incorporating Metaverse with Cardiology and Developing the Cardioverse 503.8 Challenges to Face and the NFTs Integration 543.9 Conclusion 574 Cancer and the Metaverse: An Introduction to Digital Twins 634.1 Introduction 634.2 How Metaverses and Digital Twins Affect Healthcare 644.3 Introduction to Metaverse 654.4 Digital Twins 664.5 Other Applications of DT in Cancer 724.6 Ethical and Legal Challenges of the Metaverse 734.7 Conclusion 745 Digital Twins in the Metaverse and Their Application to Personalized Medicine 795.1 Introduction 805.2 Role of DT in Medicine 805.3 Various Technologies of Metaverse 825.4 Digital Twin (DT) Framework 855.5 Applications 895.6 Integrating Variables from Many Types, Places, and Times into Digital Twins 945.7 Conclusion 956 Metaverse-Based Digital Twins in Ophthalmology 1016.1 Introduction 1016.2 Metaverse in Ophthalmology 1036.3 Metaverse-Based Different Technologies in Ophthalmology 1036.4 Application of Metaverse in Ophthalmology 1066.5 Additional Metaverse Applications in Optometry 1086.6 Use of Digital Twins 1116.7 DT Based Application of Metaverse in Ophthalmology 1116.8 Telemedicine for Patient Consultation 1126.9 Conclusion 1147 The Potential of Metaverse-Based Digital Twin in Surgery 1217.1 Introduction 1217.2 Metaverse: An Introduction 1227.3 AI in Surgical Metaverse 1227.4 Present Understanding of XR, AR, and VR Platforms 1237.5 Potential for Advancement in Surgical Healthcare 1267.6 Medical Devices for Patient-to-Image Registration Hardware 1287.7 AR/VR Surgical Metaverse: Practical Applications 1317.8 Patient Digital Twin 1337.9 Digital Twins (DT) to Guide End-Effectors 1347.10 Metaverse, XR, and CAD/CAM in Surgical Process 1367.11 Conclusion 1378 Potential of Interactive VR and Digital Twin for Drug Development and Clinical Trials 1458.1 Introduction 1468.2 Introduction to CADD and VR Drug/Molecule Design 1488.3 Applications of VR Relevant to Drug Discovery 1508.4 Interactive Molecular Dynamics in Virtual Reality (IMD-VR) 1528.5 Generative AI and Digital Twins 1548.6 Digital Twins in Preclinical Drug Discovery 1558.7 Digital Twins in Clinical Trials 1578.8 Digital Twins and In Silico Research 1588.9 The "TopDown" Digital Twin 1608.10 Conclusion 1609 The Integration of Metaverse in Psychiatry and Mental Health 1719.1 Introduction 1719.2 Metaverse 1739.3 The Relationship Between the Metaverse and Psychiatry 1779.4 Metaverse in Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders 1789.5 Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in the Metaverse 1869.6 Conclusion 19010 Integration of Metaverse-Based Wearables for Creating Digital Healthcare 19710.1 Introduction 19710.2 Metaverse Framework and Building Block Technologies 19910.3 Metaverse Wearables Coupled with XR Technology 20410.4 Conclusion 21111 Potential of Metaverse for Creating Intelligent Healthcare 21911.1 Introduction 21911.2 Metaverse 22211.3 Application in Healthcare 22411.4 Additional Applications of Metaverse in Healthcare 22611.5 Metaverses in Healthcare for Medical Domains 23111.6 Conclusion 23512 Integration of Digital Metaverse in Educating Medical Students for Better Understanding 24312.1 Introduction 24312.2 The Function of Metaverses in Education 24412.3 Impact of the Metaverse on Healthcare Infrastructures 24612.4 Employing Metaverse to Improve Medical Education 24812.5 Implications for Healthcare Education 25312.6 Additional Applications in Research 25512.7 Conclusion 257References 257Index 263