Surgical Robots in Smart Hospitals

Amit Kumar Tyagi, PhD is an Assistant Professor at the National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. He has published over 350 papers in refereed international journals, conferences, authored five books and edited more than 40 books. He has also filed more than 15 patents (nationally and internationally) in the area of deep learning, Internet of Things, cyber-physical systems and computer vision. Khushboo Tripathi, PhD is a Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Applications, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India. Her area of interest is Wireless Ad Hoc Networks, Secure Routing Protocols, Network and Cyber Security, Artificial Intelligence. Shrikant Tiwari, PhD is a Professor in the School of Computing Science and Engineering, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India. He has published over 85 papers in international journals and conferences, edited ten books and filed more than 10 patents, both nationally and internationally, in the areas of deep learning, the Internet of Things, cyber-physical systems and computer vision. V. Hemamalini, PhD is an Associate Professor in the Department of Networking and Communications, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu Tamil Nadu, India. She has more than 29 publications in journals, conferences and books as well 4 patents.

• Preface xxixPart 1: Fundamentals of Surgical Robots in Smart Hospitals 11 Defining Smart Hospitals 3V. Karthikeyan, Y. Palinvisu and Anita Antwiwaa1.1 Introduction and Motivation 41.2 Materials and Methods 61.3 Analytical Requirements for Intelligent Healthcare Facilities 91.4 Integration of IT Environments in Smart Hospitals 111.5 Improving Connectivity and Efficiency 131.6 Revolutionizing Healthcare with Cutting-Edge Technology 161.7 Optimizing Operations and Improving Patient Care 181.8 Integration of Medical Devices in Smart Hospitals 211.9 Interoperability and Research Data Export 231.10 Conclusion 252 AI-Driven IoT, Federated Learning, and Surgical Robotics: Revolutionizing Smart Healthcare 31Garima Jain, Ankush Jain, Amita Shukla and Prashant Kumar2.1 Introduction 322.2 Surgical Robots in Smart Hospitals: Revolutionizing Precision and Efficiency 362.3 Architecture of an IoT-Aided Robotic System 382.4 Role of AI in IoT-Aided Robotics 422.5 AI-Driven IoT, Federated Learning, and Surgical Robotics: Revolutionizing Smart Healthcare 432.6 AI-Driven IoT, Federated Learning, and Robotics: The Current Utilization and Transformation of Smart Healthcare 472.7 AI-Driven IoT, Federated Learning, Surgical Robotics, and Block Chain for Secure Collaborative EHR Analytics 502.8 Integrating IoT, Federated Learning, Surgical Robotics and AI in Healthcare: Current Applications andMotivations 522.9 Integration of IoT-Based Robotic Healthcare Systems with Robotic Assisted Surgery 532.10 Challenges and Future Directions in Federated Learning (FL) and AI-Driven Robotic Surgery: Overcoming Barriers to Collaborative Machine Learning 552.11 Conclusion 563 Off-Line Robot Programming: Methods and Tools 59M. Anand, T. M. Sheeba, S. Albert Antony Raj, A. S. Anshy Princella and J. S. Femilda Josephin3.1 Introduction 603.2 Off-Line Programming Methods and Tools 613.3 Benefits of Offline Programming 623.4 Applications of OLP 633.5 Impact on Small Batch Manufacturing 643.6 Tools for Offline Programmed Robots 653.7 Common Misconceptions and Misunderstandings about OLP 703.8 Graphical 3D Model Simulator 713.9 Offline Programming of Industrial Robots 743.10 Tips for Robot Offline Programming 773.11 Conclusion 814 Surgical Robots in Urology and Gynecology 83Neha Ramesh, Praveen Joe I. R. and Vijay John4.1 Introduction 844.2 Historical Perspective on Robotic Surgery in Urology 854.3 The da Vinci Surgical System: Architecture and Advancements 864.4 Applications of Robotic Surgery in Urology 874.5 Emerging Technologies in Robotic Urology 904.6 Robotic-Assisted Gynecological Procedures 914.7 Efficacy and Safety of Robotic-Assisted Surgery in Gynecology 954.8 Technical Aspects and Components of Robotic Surgical Systems 954.9 Advancing Robotic Platforms 974.10 Training Programs and Implementation Strategies 984.11 Comparative Analysis of Robotic Surgery in Urology and Gynecology 1014.12 Challenges and Controversies 1024.13 Future Directions 1034.14 Conclusion 1045 Urology and Gynecology: Clinical Applications and Models of Surgical Robots 107Snehal P. Bhagat, Amol P. Bhagat, Nikhil Band and Milind R. Dhande5.1 Introduction 1085.2 Models of Surgical Robot in Urology and Gynecology 1125.3 Python-Based Implementation of Surgical Robot Model in Urology and Gynecology 1175.4 Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Urology and Gynecology Robotics Surgery 1205.5 Conclusion 1226 Top Algorithms in Machine Learning for Predicting Insights in Smart Applications 125Nareen Jan, Javaid A. Sheikh, Immad A. Shah and Tanuj Surve6.1 Introduction 1266.2 Machine Learning Algorithms 1276.3 Applications of Machine Learning Algorithms 1407 Smart Hospitals in Modern Era 151Roopa Devi E.M., Shanthakumari R., Jayaswati P. and Mythili M.7.1 Introduction 1527.2 The Evolution of Smart Hospital 1537.3 Key Components of Smart Hospital 1547.4 Smart Hospital Design 1577.5 Architecture of Smart Hospitals 1617.6 AI Integration in Smart Hospitals 1657.7 Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Hospitals 1677.8 Applications from Intelligent Hospitals 1717.9 Challenges for Smart Cities 1747.10 Comparing Traditional Hospitals and Smart Hospitals 1787.11 Future Scope of Smart Hospitals 1807.12 Conclusion 1818 Revolutionizing Surgery in Smart Hospital with Robotics Techniques 185Sarita, Khushboo Tripathi and Kashish Kumari8.1 Introduction to Surgical Robots 1868.2 Evolution of Robotic Surgeries in Healthcare 1878.3 Working of Surgical Robots 1908.4 Benefits and Challenges of Surgical Robots in Smart Hospitals 1918.5 AI in Surgical Robot 1938.6 Future of Surgical Robots and Smart Hospitals 1948.7 Disinfection Robotics 1958.8 Patient Care Robotics 1978.9 Supply Chain Robotics and Logistics in Healthcare 1998.10 Benefits of Robotic Integration in Healthcare 1998.11 Overcoming Implementation Challenges 2008.12 Real-World Applications of Surgical Robots 2018.13 Conclusion 2028.14 Future Scope 203Part 2: Method and Applications of Surgical Robots in Smart Hospitals 2079 Applications of Fog, Edge, and Cloud-Based Deployment of AI-Infused Metaverse Integration in Smart Healthcare 209Ajeet Kumar Sharma, Saurabh Singhal, Avinash Kumar Sharma and Rakesh Kumar9.1 Introduction 2109.2 Computing Paradigms: Cloud, Edge, and Fog Computing 2139.3 Cloud-Based AI Deployment in the Metaverse for Smart Healthcare 2179.4 Edge-Based AI Deployment in AI-Infused Metaverse Healthcare 2199.5 Fog-Based AI Deployment in AI-Infused Metaverse Healthcare 2219.6 Comparative Analysis of Cloud, Edge, and Fog Deployment in AI-Infused Metaverse Healthcare 2229.7 Future Trends and Research Directions in AI-Driven Healthcare 2239.8 Conclusion 22510 Intelligent Chatbot for Personalized Mental Healthcare Support 229R. Gayathri, T. Perarasi, R. Ramkumar and M. Adbullah10.1 Introduction 23010.2 Methodology 23510.3 Continuous Improvement 24210.4 Proposed Work Modules 24210.5 Results and Discussion 24610.6 Conclusion and Future Work 24911 Medical Sensor Network, Edge Computing, and Blockchain for Efficient Medical Data Exchange 253Amit Kumar Tyagi and Richa11.1 Introduction to Medical Sensor Network, Blockchain Technology and Edge Computing: Challenges and Future Scope 25411.2 Background Work 25511.3 Medical Sensor Networks in Healthcare: Overview, Types, Importance and Applications 25711.4 Edge Computing in Healthcare: Definition, Concepts, Advantages and Challenges and Opportunities 25811.5 Blockchain Technology in Healthcare: Principles, Use Cases and Benefits and Challenges 25911.6 Blockchain, Medical Sensor Networks, and Edge Computing Integration for a Safer, Secure HealthcareServices 26211.7 Use Cases and Applications of Emerging Technology in Medical Data Exchanges 26511.8 Issue and Challenges Toward Using Technologies in Healthcare Sector 26711.9 Future Research Opportunities Toward Using Edge Computing, Blockchain, and Medical Sensor Networks in Healthcare Sector 27211.10 Conclusion 27412 Impact of AI on Robotics Surgery: A Comprehensive Overview 279M. Ramprasath, Elangovan G., Prakash Duraisamy and V. Kavitha12.1 Introduction 28012.2 Related Works 28412.3 Exploring the Moral and Legal Environment of RAS 29112.4 Computer Vision and Neurological Surgery 29412.5 Neural Surgery and Robotics 29712.6 Conclusion 29913 Enhancing Healthcare and Monitoring Systems with Wearable Devices 305Shrikant Tiwari, Kanchan Naithani and Ramesh Wadawadagi13.1 Introduction 30513.2 Technology Behind Wearable Devices 30813.3 Wireless Connectivity and Integration with Other Devices 31113.4 Applications of Wearable Devices in Healthcare 31413.5 Design and Development of Wearable Devices 31813.6 Data Analysis and Interpretation 32313.7 Ethical and Legal Considerations 32613.8 Future Directions and Opportunities 32913.9 Conclusion 33214 Surgical Robots in Smart Hospitals: Enhancing Precision and Patient Outcomes 339Arun Kumar Singh, Juhi Singh, Shishir Singh Chauhan and Ankit Chauhan14.1 Introduction 34014.2 Background and Literature Review 34214.3 Smart Hospitals: The Ecosystem of the Future 34714.4 Proposed Methodology for Integration 35014.5 Advancing Sustainable Development Goals 35514.6 Conclusion and Statistical Analysis 35614.7 Future Research Directions 35715 Integrating Blockchain and Telerobotic in Orthopedics: Advancing Secure and Remote Surgical Innovations 363A. Ritu and A. Eshaan15.1 Introduction 36415.2 Related Work 36515.3 Proposed Methodology 36715.4 Conclusion 37316 Improving Lung Cancer Detection Using Hybrid Features and Optimized through VGG-16 377A. Ritu and A. Eshaan16.1 Introduction 37816.2 Literature Review 37916.3 Material and Methods Used 38116.4 Results and Discussion 38416.5 Conclusion and Future Scope 392Part 3: Issues and Challenges Towards Implementing Surgical Robots in Smart Hospitals 39517 Education and Certification for Surgical Robot Operators 397V. Shyamala Susan, K. Chitra Chellam, K.S. Anushya and Ir. Bambang Sugiyono Agus Purwono17.1 Introduction 39817.2 Literature Survey 39817.3 Pathways Leading to Becoming a Surgical Robot Operator 40017.4 Hospital Privileging and Credentialing 40117.5 Recredentialing and Ongoing Competency Evaluation 40517.6 Certification Requirements for Surgical Robot Operators 40617.7 Continuing Medical Education (CME) and Skill Maintenance 41217.8 Robotic Surgery Training Issues and Evolving Directions 41617.9 Ethical Considerations in Robotic Surgery Training 42517.10 Conclusion 43018 Enhancing Healthcare Cybersecurity with AI-Driven Threat Intelligence: Proactive Defense against Evolving Cyber Threats 437Emmanuel Innocent Umoh, Hussaini Bishara and Avinash Kumar Sharma18.1 Introduction 43718.2 The Evolving Healthcare Threat Landscape 44018.3 AI-Driven Threat Intelligence Framework for Healthcare 44718.4 AI-Driven Cybersecurity in Healthcare: Strategies, Implementation, and Case Studies 45518.5 Future Directions and Proposed Model to Enhance Healthcare Cybersecurity 46218.6 Conclusion 46619 Advancements and Challenges in IoT Adoption for Healthcare: A Review 469Ashok Kumar Jayaraman, Gayathri Ananthakrishnan, Anugna Yakkala, Pavan Tej P. G. and Tina Esther Trueman19.1 Introduction 47019.2 IoT Communication Models 47219.3 Issues and Challenges in Medical Domain 48819.4 Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) 49819.5 Conclusion 501Part 4: Near Future Development Towards Using Surgical Robots in Smart Hospitals 51120 Intelligent Medical Business Assistant: Transforming Hospital Efficiency Through Advanced Analytics 513Ahmed A. Esmail, Sayed M. Abdallah, Mohamed A. Elsayed, Ahmed E. Mohamed, Mostafa H. Fawzy, Ahmed Ismail Ebada and Aya M. Al-Zoghby20.1 Introduction 51520.2 Related Work 51720.3 Methodology 52420.4 Results and Dataset 53820.5 Conclusion 54121 Next-Generation Industrial Robots: Design and Development 547Yash Suhas Jawale, Praveen Joe I. R. and Vijay John21.1 Introduction 54821.2 Future Requirements 55021.3 Conclusion 56822 A Deep Learning–Based Expression Recognition Analysis Assistant for Psychologists 571Harjyot Singh Bagga, Sanjoi Sethi, Rishab Goswami, Annapurna Jonnalagadda and Ushus E.Z.22.1 Introduction 57222.2 Background 57322.3.1 Text 57722.4 Design Approach and Details 58222.5 Result Screenshots 58722.6 Conclusions 59723 Future Directions for Surgical Robots in Smart Hospitals 599A. Sivasangari, V.J.K. Kishore Sonti, J. Cruz Antony, E. Murali and D. Deepa23.1 Introduction 60023.2 Increased Influence of Robotics in Healthcare 60223.3 AI's Role in Evolution of Modern Healthcare Industry 60723.4 Integration of Robotics and AI in the Development of Advanced Surgical Robots 61123.5 Smart Hospitals: From Ease of Registration to Remote Surgery and Teleoperated Haptic Technology 61423.6 Futuristic Implications of Surgical Robots 62123.7 Conclusion 62224 The Prospective of Artificial Intelligence-Integrated Robotics Towards Orthopedics and Neurosurgery 627Chandana Mohanty, Priya Das, Swati Swayamsiddha and Sarita Nanda24.1 Introduction 62824.2 AI Robotics 63024.3 Applications of AI-Robotics in Orthopedics Field 63424.4 Applications of AI Robotics in Neurosurgery Field 63924.5 Potential Impact of AI Robotics and Future Implications 64324.6 Challenges and Further Research Directions 64524.7 Conclusion 64625 Innovative Approaches in Smart Healthcare: Artificial Intelligence Techniques Via Federated Learning 657Shrikant Tiwari, Kanchan Naithani and Ramesh S. Wadawadagi25.1 Introduction 65825.2 Foundations of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare 66225.3 Federated Learning in Healthcare 66425.4 Decentralized Model Training 67025.5 Case Studies 67425.6 Interoperability and Standards 68025.7 Future Directions and Emerging Technologies 68525.8 Conclusion 687References 688Index 693