Hydrogen Energy Systems

Krishan Arora, PhD is a Professor and the Head of the Department of Power Systems in the School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering at Lovely Professional University with more than 17 years of experience in academics and research. He has published five books, more than 85 research papers in refereed journals and conferences, six Indian patents, and one copyright. His areas of expertise include electrical machines, non-conventional energy sources, load frequency control, automatic generation control, and modernization of smart grids. Himanshu Sharma, PhD is an Assistant Professor at Lovely Professional University with more than four years of experience in academics. He has published more than 10 research papers in international journals and conferences and organized several workshops, summer internships, and expert lectures for students. His areas of expertise include power electronics, optimization techniques, load frequency control, automatic generation control, and modernization of smart grids. Suman Lata Tripathi, PhD is a Professor at Lovely Professional University with more than 22 years of experience in academics and research. She has published more than 30 books and 145 research papers in refereed science journals, conference proceedings, as well as 20 Indian patents and four copyrights. Her area of expertise includes microelectronics device modeling and characterization, low-power VLSI circuit design, and advanced FET design for IoT and embedded system design. Sandesh S. Chougule, PhD is post doc researcher in the Clean Energy Processes Laboratory in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Imperial College London. He has authored 57 research papers in international conference proceedings and journals. His research focuses on heat pipes, nanofluids, renewable energy, and refrigeration.

• List of Contributors xviiPreface xxiii1 A Comprehensive Analysis of Hydrogen Production Methods and Their Environmental Footprints on Earth 1Brijlal Mallik, Manish Kumar, Yawei Lu, Pravin Kumar and Dev Kumar Mondal1.1 Introduction 21.2 Hydrogen Production Methods 91.3 Environmental Footprints of Hydrogen Production Methods 111.4 Comparative Analysis of Hydrogen Production Methods 181.5 Advances and Innovations in Hydrogen Production 191.6 Policy and Regulatory Frameworks 201.7 Summary and Conclusion 202 Environmental Impacts and Sustainability of Hydrogen Energy 25Dev Kumar Mandal, Brijlal Mallik, Michael L. Johns, Shivangi Kashyap, Vivek Hamal and Krishnendu Ghosh2.1 Introduction 262.2 Literature Review 292.3 Research Methodology 322.4 Conclusion 463 Hydrogen Energy in Developing Countries 49Shrish Bajpai and Divya Sharma3.1 Introduction 493.2 Hydrogen as a Fuel 513.3 Major Sources of Production of Hydrogen Fuel 533.4 Hydrogen Energy in Developing Countries 563.5 Challenges of Hydrogen as Fuel in Developing Countries 623.6 Storage of Hydrogen 653.7 Conclusion 684 Advancing Hydrogen Power: A Comprehensive Review of Its Role in India's Future Development 77Jeya Daisy I., Anitha Subburaj, M. Ishwarya Niranjana, Sri Vidhya K. and Vaishnavi S.4.1 Introduction 784.2 Power Generation and Energy Storage Solutions—Role of Hydrogen 794.3 Hydrogen in Power Generation 824.4 Hydrogen in Energy Storage Applications 854.5 Policy Frameworks 894.6 Environmental Impact 944.7 Opportunities 964.8 Conclusion 975 The Role of Hydrogen in Achieving Net Zero Emissions 101Sarat Kumar Sahoo, Durgadevi Samantara, Nipon Ketjoy and Suman Lata Tripathi5.1 Introduction 1025.2 Green Hydrogen Production and Innovation 1085.3 Overcoming Challenges in Hydrogen 1125.4 Policies, Initiatives, and Success Stories 1155.5 Hydrogen's Future in Achieving Net Zero 1165.6 Conclusion 1186 Design and Development of Braking Systems in Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles 123Abhishek Kumar and Harpreet Singh Bedi6.1 Introduction 1246.2 Literature Review 1256.3 Proposed Model 1266.4 Challenges in Braking System 1316.5 Comparisons of EVs and FCEVs 1326.6 Conclusions 1347 Advancements in Six-Stroke Engine Technology 137Ranjit Kumar Bindal, Prashant Kumar, Manish, Charanjot Singh and Sahil Bhardwaj7.1 Introduction 1387.2 Literature Review 1397.3 Methodology 1447.4 Results and Evaluation 1457.5 Challenges and Limitations 1487.6 Future Outcomes 1497.7 Potential Applications 1537.8 Porsche's New Patent for Six-Stroke Engine 1537.9 Conclusion 1558 Barriers to Hydrogen Energy Adoption in India 159Mohanraj K. S., Sivasankari S., A. Arun Negemiya, Dhivya Priya E. L. and V. Vaithiyanathan8.1 Introduction 1608.2 Lack of Hydrogen Infrastructure: A Barrier to Hydrogen Energy Adoption 1628.3 High Production Costs of Hydrogen: The Bar to Its Wide Utilization 1648.4 Technological Barriers to Hydrogen Energy Penetration 1658.5 Limited Renewable Energy Availability: A Constraint on Green Hydrogen Production 1688.6 Regulatory and Structural Challenges 1718.7 Public Awareness and Acceptance: Roadmap for Successful Introduction of Hydrogen Energy 1738.8 Skilled Workforce Shortage in the Hydrogen Energy Industry 1768.9 Closing of Funding and Investments for Hydrogen Energy 1788.10 Explore the Intricacies of the Hydrogen Supply Chain 1818.11 Challenges to Hydrogen Transport and Storage 1848.12 Hydrogen Integration into Current Energy Systems 1858.13 Hydrogen Contesting Priorities of Renewables 1869 Predicting Public Opinion on Hydrogen Energy: A Sentiment Analysis of Social Media Posts 193Gaurav Kumar, Krishan Arora and Sachin Kumar9.1 Introduction 1949.2 Related Work 1959.3 Proposed Work 1989.4 Results and Discussion 1999.5 Conclusions and the Future 20110 Hydrogen Fuel Cells: Technology and Applications 203D. Santhanamary Sasireka, T. A. Revathy, S. Shahil Kirupavathy, Abdul Razak Mohamed Sikkander and Suman Lata Tripathi10.1 Introduction 20410.2 Principle of Operation 20510.3 Fuel Cell Types 21010.4 Applications of Hydrogen Fuel Cells 21510.5 Critical Challenges and Constraints 21710.6 Technological Developments 21910.7 Research Trends in Hydrogen Fuel Cells 22010.8 Future Directions in Hydrogen Fuel Cell Research 22310.9 New Data Collection and Analysis Techniques 22410.10 Market Growth and Adoption 22410.11 Future Outlook 22510.12 Conclusions 22711 Hydrogen Transport and Distribution 231Devanshi Srivastava, Adarsh Kumar Arya and Tousif Mzili11.1 Introduction 23111.2 Infrastructure Based on Hydrogen for Mobility 23311.3 Distribution and Transportation of Hydrogen 23511.4 The Economics of Hydrogen 23811.5 Resolving Issues with Station Operation through Enhanced Reliability 23911.6 Hydrogen Station Operation 24011.7 Future Scope of Hydrogen Transportation and Distribution 24311.8 Conclusion 24512 Hydrogen Production from Renewable Sources 251Nibedita Nath, Subhendu Chakroborty, Monica Mehrotra, Rintu Kumar and Sulabh Sachan12.1 Introduction 25212.2 Hydrogen 25312.3 Renewable Sources for Production of H2 25312.4 H2 Production from Renewable Sources 25612.5 H2 Economy 26312.6 H2 Storage 26412.7 H2 as a Future Energy Source 26512.8 Conclusion and Future Scope 26613 Hydrogen in Transportation 275Mohammad Danish, Mohd Sadat, Syed Aqeel Ahmad and Mehmet Ali Silgu13.1 Introduction 27613.2 Literature Review 27613.3 Conclusions 29413.4 Acknowledgement 29514 The Science of Hydrogen Properties and Production 299M. Divya Bharathi, J. Arumugam, M. Jayachandiran and A. Dhayal Raj14.1 Introduction 30014.2 Energy Cost in Hydrogen Synthesis via Electrolysis 30214.3 Physical and Chemical Properties of Hydrogen 30214.4 Hydrogen Production Technologies 30414.5 Conclusions 32115 Hydrogen Production Processes from Renewable Energy Resources 329D. Anitha Jennifer, S. Shahil Kirupavathy, T. A. Revathy, Abdul Razak Mohamed Sikkander and Suman Lata Tripathi15.1 Introduction 33015.2 Hydrogen Production Methods 33115.3 Renewable Energy Sources to Hydrogen 34115.4 Comparative Analysis: Water Versus Biomass 34715.5 Challenges and Perspectives 34915.6 Conclusion 350References 351About the Editors 355Index 357