Antenna Design and Development for mm-wave Systems

Inbunden, Engelska, 2027

1 613 kr

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Millimeter-wave antenna design principles across SIW, DRA, and OAM approaches Millimeter-wave antenna technology demands design methodologies that span multiple approaches, from planar structures to advanced resonator and waveguide configurations. Antenna Design and Development for mm-wave Systems delivers a structured treatment across 9 chapters, progressing from RF spectrum fundamentals and communication system principles to detailed analysis of specific mm-wave antenna architectures for current and future wireless communication systems. Chapter-by-chapter analysis covers distinct antenna designs including microstrip antennas, slot antennas, and substrate integrated waveguide antennas within the planar category. Coverage extends to mm-wave dielectric resonator antennas, SIW-based configurations, and orbital angular momentum-based antennas. Each design section addresses procedures and methodologies connecting foundational theory to implementation for emerging wireless applications. Readers will also find: Discussion of how recent mm-wave antenna findings are shaping future developments in wireless communication system architectures and deploymentCoverage of reconfigurable intelligent surface technology and its role in next-generation mm-wave antenna system designDesign procedures that progress from foundational RF spectrum concepts to advanced phased array antenna configurationsAnalysis of dielectric resonator antenna characteristics specific to mm-wave frequency bands and their performance tradeoffsExamination of orbital angular momentum-based antenna principles applied to spectral efficiency improvements in mm-wave linksDesigned for graduate and research students in microwave engineering and related disciplines, as well as engineers working in the wireless communications industry, this book provides the design procedures and analytical frameworks needed to develop mm-wave antennas across multiple architectural approaches for advanced communication systems.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:2027-01-26
Format:Inbunden
Språk:Engelska
Antal sidor:256
Förlag:John Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN:9781394370214

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Mer om författaren

Amjad Iqbal, PhD, is a researcher at the Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique in Canada. He has chaired numerous IEEE conference sessions in antenna and wireless communication design. His research focuses on implantable antennas for simultaneous wireless power transfer and biotelemetry, static and tunable filter co-design, and substrate integrated waveguide and dielectric resonator based in-band full-duplex filter-antenna co-design. Tayeb A. Denidni ( IEEE Fellow) is a Professor at the Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Canada. He is an internationally recognized authority and pioneer in the fields of antennas and microwave engineering. A Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), he is widely known for his contributions to frequency selective surfaces and their applications in reconfigurable antennas. He has authored over 400 technical papers in peer-reviewed journals and more than 300 conference publications. He has also received numerous awards in the field of antennas and wireless communications from prestigious journals and IEEE conferences.

Innehållsförteckning

ContentsAcronyms iContributors i1 Introduction 11.1. Why This Book? 11.2. Why Focus on mm-Wave Antennas? 21.3. Intended Audience 21.4. What This Book Covers 31.5. Scope and Limitations 41.6. Concluding Remarks 41.7. Organization and Flow of the Book 5Bibliography 62 Millimeter-Wave Wireless Communication Systems 12.1. Understanding the RF Spectrum: From Low Frequencies to Terahertz32.1.1. Very Low to High Frequencies (3 kHz – 30 MHz) 32.1.2. VHF and UHF Bands (30 MHz – 3 GHz) 42.1.3. Microwave Region (3 GHz – 30 GHz) 42.1.4. Millimeter-Wave (30 GHz – 300 GHz) 42.1.5. Terahertz (THz) Band (300 GHz – 3 THz) 42.2. Applications of mm-wave Frequencies 52.2.1. 5G and Beyond Mobile Networks 52.2.2. High-Speed Indoor Wireless Networks 62.2.3. Automotive and V2X Communications 62.2.4. Wireless Backhaul and Fronthaul 62.2.5. Healthcare and Medical Imaging 72.2.6. Industrial Automation and Smart Factories 72.2.7. Immersive Technologies: AR, VR, and XR 72.2.8. Security Screening and Surveillance 82.3. Impairments in Millimeter-Wave Antennas and CommunicationSystems 82.3.1. High Free-Space Path Loss 82.3.2. Poor Penetration Through Obstacles 92.3.3. Sensitivity to Line-of-Sight and Blockages 102.3.4. Rain, Fog, and Atmospheric Absorption 102.3.5. Challenges in Antenna and Circuit Design 112.3.6. Beamforming and Mobility Limitations 112.3.7. Thermal and Noise Issues 112.4. Design Strategies for Millimeter-Wave Antennas 122.4.1. Material Considerations 122.4.2. Size and Miniaturization 132.4.3. Feeding Techniques 132.4.4. Impedance Matching and Bandwidth Enhancement 142.4.5. Array Design and Beam Steering 142.4.6. Integration with Packaging 142.4.7. Simulation and Fabrication Constraints 142.5. Fabrication and Measurement Techniques for Millimeter-WaveAntennas 152.5.1. Fabrication Techniques 152.5.2. Measurement Techniques 172.5.3. Challenges and Best Practices 182.6. Conclusion 19Bibliography 203 Millimeter-Wave Planar Antennas 13.1. Introduction 13.1.1. Why Planar Antennas for mm-Wave? 23.1.2. Design Considerations and Challenges 23.1.3. Applications of Planar mm-Wave Antennas 43.2. Microstrip Antennas 43.2.1. Basic Structure and Operation 43.2.2. Advantages at mm-Wave Frequencies 63.2.3. Design Considerations and Challenges 63.2.4. Applications 63.2.5. Design Example 73.3. Aperture-Coupled Antennas 103.3.1. Structure and Principle of Operation 103.3.2. Advantages for mm-Wave Design 113.3.3. Design Challenges 113.3.4. Applications 113.4. Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Antennas 123.4.1. What is SIW? 123.4.2. Why SIW is Great for mm-Wave? 123.4.3. SIW Antenna Types 133.4.4. Design Considerations 133.4.5. Applications of SIW Antennas 143.4.6. Design Example 143.5. Millimeter-Wave Slot Antennas 163.5.1. Principle of Operation 183.5.2. Slot Width and Bandwidth Considerations 193.5.3. Feeding Mechanisms 193.5.4. Applications and Advantages 193.5.5. Design Note for Arrays 20Conclusion 20Bibliography 204 Millimeter-Wave Dielectric Resonator Antennas 14.1. Introduction 14.2. Dielectric Resonator Antennas 14.3. Advantages of DRAs at mm-Wave Frequencies 24.4. Dielectric Materials for Dielectric Resonator Antennas 44.5. Conductor and Dielectric Losses 64.6. Feeding Techniques 74.6.1. Coaxial Probe Feeding Technique 84.6.2. Electromagnetically Coupled Dielectric Resonator Antennas84.6.3. Aperture-Coupled Dielectric Resonator Antennas 104.6.4. Coplanar Waveguide-Fed Dielectric Resonator Antennas 114.7. Applications of Dielectric Resonator Antennas 124.7.1. Wireless Communication Systems 124.7.2. Automotive Radar Systems 124.7.3. Wireless Sensing and Imaging 134.7.4. Satellite and Point-to-Point Links 134.7.5. Research and Experimental Use 144.8. Conclusion 14Bibliography 145 Substrate Integrated Waveguide Based mm-wave Antennas 15.1. Introduction 15.2. Single-Band SIW Antennas 35.2.1. Waveguide Dimensions and Effective Width 35.2.2. Rules for Via Placement 45.2.3. Cavity-Type Single-Band SIW Antenna 55.2.4. Radiation and Bandwidth Considerations 65.2.5. Summary of Design Process 65.3. Multi-Band SIW Antennas 75.3.1. Concept of Multi-Band Operation 75.3.2. Self-Diplexing SIW Antennas 75.3.3. Self-Triplexing SIW Antennas 85.3.4. Self-Quadruplexing SIW Antennas 105.3.5. Placement of Vias and Multi-Band Stability 105.3.6. Feed Structures and Isolation Between Bands 115.3.7. Advantages and Application Context 115.4. SIW Antennas Arrays 115.4.1. Array Configurations 135.4.2. Beam Steering and Pattern Control 135.4.3. Mutual Coupling Considerations 145.4.4. Performance at mm-Wave Frequencies 145.5. Wideband SIW Antennas 145.6. Conclusion 15Bibliography 166 Wideband Millimeter-wave Antennas 16.1. Why Wideband Antennas? 16.2. Bandwidth Enhancement Techniques 36.3. Stacked Microstrip Antenna Techniques for Bandwidth Enhancement46.3.1. Basic Structure and Bandwidth Problem 46.3.2. Principle of Bandwidth Enhancement 56.3.3. Coupling Distance and Material Effects 66.3.4. Feeding Techniques 66.3.5. Mechanical and Manufacturing Considerations 66.4. Parasitic-Element Techniques for Bandwidth Enhancement 76.4.1. Basic Idea of Parasitic Elements 76.4.2. Spacing Between Radiator and Parasitic Element 86.4.3. Different Parasitic-Element Positions 86.4.4. Directors and Reflectors 96.4.5. Multiple Parasitic Elements 96.4.6. Printed Parasitic Structures 96.4.7. Aperture-Type Parasitic Elements 106.4.8. Bandwidth and Gain Trade-Off 106.4.9. Benefits for mm-Wave Systems 116.4.10. Practical Design Challenges 116.5. Hybrid Techniques 126.5.1. Mix of Slot and Patch Antennas 136.5.2. Mix of Stacked Layers and Parasitic Elements 136.5.3. Mix of Different Feeds and Radiators 146.5.4. Mix of Slots and Parasitic Edges 146.5.5. Mix with Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) 156.5.6. Mix of Tuning Stubs and Modified Ground 156.5.7. Advantages of Hybrid Techniques 156.5.8. Design Challenges 156.5.9. Practical Examples 166.6. Conclusion 16Bibliography 167 Millimeter-Wave Planar Antenna Arrays 17.1. Introduction 17.1.1. What is a Planar Antenna Array? 17.1.2. Importance of mm-Wave Planar Arrays 27.1.3. Design Considerations for mm-Wave Planar Arrays 47.1.4. Applications of Planar Arrays 67.1.5. Challenges in mm-Wave Planar Array Design 77.1.6. Summary 87.2. Series-Fed Antenna Arrays 87.2.1. Introduction 87.2.2. Basic Concept of Series-Fed Arrays 107.2.3. Array Factor of Series-Fed Arrays 107.2.4. Design of Series-Fed Arrays 117.2.5. Transmission Line Model 127.2.6. Radiation Pattern Analysis 127.2.7. Advantages of Series-Fed Arrays 127.2.8. Limitations 127.2.9. Practical Applications 137.2.10. Example: Series-Fed Microstrip Array 137.2.11. Summary 137.3. Parallel-Fed Arrays 137.3.1. Introduction 137.3.2. Parallel Feeding Basics 147.3.3. Array Factor and Radiation Pattern 157.3.4. Power Division and Phase Control 167.3.5. Types of Parallel Feeding Networks 177.3.6. Mutual Coupling and Losses 187.3.7. Applications of Parallel-Fed Arrays 187.3.8. Summary 187.4. Combination-Fed Arrays 197.4.1. Introduction 197.4.2. Principle of Combination Feeding 197.4.3. Need for Combination-Fed Arrays 207.4.4. Array Factor and Mathematical Model 207.4.5. Current and Phase Distribution 217.4.6. Typical Combination Structures 217.4.7. Design Considerations and Equations 227.4.8. Beam Steering and Pattern Control 227.4.9. Loss, Bandwidth, and Efficiency 237.4.10. Mutual Coupling and Matching 237.4.11. Comparison with Series and Parallel Arrays 237.4.12. Applications 247.4.13. Summary 247.5. Design Considerations for Antenna Arrays 257.5.1. Element Spacing 257.5.2. Amplitude Distribution 257.5.3. Phase Control 257.5.4. Impedance Matching 267.5.5. Mutual Coupling 267.5.6. Feed Network Design 267.5.7. Bandwidth 267.5.8. Physical and Fabrication Constraints 267.6. Conclusion 27Bibliography 278 Millimeter-wave Reconfigurable Antennas Using FSS 18.1. Introduction 18.1.1. Challenges of Antenna Design at mm-wave Frequencies 28.1.2. Why Reconfigurable Antennas 28.1.3. Role of Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) 38.1.4. Summary 48.2. Fundamentals of Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) 58.2.1. Definition and Basic Principle of Operation 58.2.2. Transmission vs. Reflection Mode FSS 68.2.3. Equivalent Circuit Models for FSS 78.2.4. Types of Unit Cells 78.2.5. Bandpass, Bandstop, and Polarization-dependent Designs 88.2.6. Summary 98.3. Millimeter-wave Reconfigurable Antennas 98.3.1. Overview of Reconfigurability 98.3.2. Frequency Reconfigurability 98.3.3. Polarization Reconfigurability 108.3.4. Radiation Pattern Reconfigurability 108.3.5. Gain and Beam Steering Reconfigurability 108.3.6. Techniques for Reconfiguration 118.3.7. Challenges at Millimeter-wave Bands 138.3.8. Summary 158.4. Integration of FSS with mm-wave Reconfigurable Antennas 158.4.1. FSS as Superstrate for Gain Enhancement 158.4.2. FSS as a Reconfigurable Reflector/Absorber for Beam Control168.4.3. FSS-based Polarization Reconfigurable Antennas 168.4.4. FSS Metasurfaces for Multi-band and Wideband Operation178.4.5. Hybrid Integration: FSS with Phased Arrays, RIS, and MIMO Antennas178.4.6. Conclusion 188.5. Design Methodologies 188.5.1. Unit Cell Design and Periodicity Considerations 188.5.2. Simulation Approaches: CST, HFSS, and Equivalent Circuit Models198.5.3. Parametric Analysis of Unit Cell Geometry and Materials 208.5.4. Biasing Techniques for Active FSS Elements 208.5.5. Fabrication Challenges: Lithography, 3D Printing, and FlexibleSubstrates 218.5.6. Summary 218.6. Performance Metrics 228.6.1. Reflection and Transmission Coefficient (S-Parameters) 228.6.2. Bandwidth and Frequency Agility 228.6.3. Gain Enhancement and Beam Shaping 238.6.4. Efficiency and Losses at mm-wave 238.6.5. Isolation in MIMO Configurations 248.6.6. Trade-offs Between Complexity, Cost, and Performance 248.6.7. Summary 248.7. Applications 258.7.1. 5G and 6G mm-wave Wireless Communication Systems 258.7.2. Satellite and Space Communications 268.7.3. mm-wave Radar and Imaging Systems 268.7.4. Wireless Power Transfer and Energy Harvesting 278.7.5. Integration with RIS for Smart Environments 288.7.6. Summary 288.8. Challenges and Future Trends 288.8.1. Fabrication and Tolerance Issues at mm-wave Bands 288.8.2. Thermal and Power Handling Constraints of Reconfigurable FSS298.8.3. Integration with CMOS and Compact Packaging 298.8.4. Emergence of Tunable 2D Materials for FSS-Based ReconfigurableAntennas 308.8.5. AI/ML-Driven Optimization for Adaptive FSS-Based Antenna Systems308.8.6. Future Perspective: Convergence of FSS, RIS, and mm-wave Antennasfor 6G and THz Systems 318.8.7. Summary 318.8.8. Summary of the Role of FSS in Enabling Reconfigurability 318.8.9. Potential for Next-Generation Wireless and Sensing Systems328.8.10. Open Research Directions 338.8.11. Summary Table of Key Points 348.8.12. Conclusion 34Bibliography 359 Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) Antennas 19.1. Introduction 19.2. Fundamentals of OAM 39.2.1. Angular Momentum in Electromagnetics 39.2.2. Orthogonality of OAM Modes 49.3. OAM Generation 49.3.1. Spiral Phase Plates 49.3.2. Uniform Circular Arrays 59.3.3. Phased Arrays with Progressive Phase Shift 59.3.4. Metasurfaces 69.3.5. Dielectric Resonator Modes 69.3.6. Array Factor for OAM Modes 69.4. Challenges in OAM Antennas 69.4.1. Beam Divergence 79.4.2. Mode Purity and Cross-Talk 79.4.3. Multipath Sensitivity 89.4.4. Receiver Architectures 89.5. Applications of OAM Antennas 89.5.1. Point-to-Point High-Capacity Links 99.5.2. Secure Communications 99.5.3. Chip-to-Chip Wireless Links 99.5.4. Radar and Imaging Applications 99.6. Future Outlook 99.7. Design Example 109.7.1. Literature Review 109.7.2. Unit cell characteristics 129.7.3. Mixed-OAM generating TA design 149.7.4. Experimental verification 169.7.5. Discussion 179.7.6. Summary 209.8. Conclusion 20Bibliography 2010 Conclusion 1