Sneha Gautam, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Division of Civil Engineering at Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences. Dr. Gautam’s name has been consecutively listed (2021–2025) among the Top 2% Scientists of the World by Stanford University. He has received several prestigious recognitions, including the Young Scientist Award (2023) by the Academy of Sciences, Chennai, Young Scientist Award (2022), IEI Special Appreciation Award (2021), IEI Young Achiever Award (2020), and the IEI Young Scientist Award (2019). He has published 180+ papers spanning environmental monitoring, air quality, and climate interactions and serves on multiple editorial boards. Ajay Taneja, PhD, is Professor at Dr B.R Ambedkar University Agra and Vice Chancellor at Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University, Lucknow, India. He has more than 175 research articles to his credit. His research portfolio spans indoor/outdoor exposure science, health effects, and mitigation strategies. He is widely cited for contributions that bridge measurement, risk, and policy for air-pollution management.

• List of Contributors ixPreface xiiiAcknowledgments xv1 Introduction—Engineering Solutions for Air Pollution Control 1Raju Ramrao Kulkarni2 Quantifying the Effects of Climate Change on Urban Air Quality—Implications for Infrastructure Design 11Surat Dewan and Anita Lakhani3 Development of Machine Learning Models for Prediction of PM 2.5 Concentration Based on MERRA-2 Reanalysis Data 27Parminder Kaur, Chaitanya B. Pande, and Atar Singh Pipal4 Environmental Impact and Waste Management Challenges for Air Quality Management in Smart Cities 49Rahul Tiwari, Komal Daal, Sanjar Ali, Vandana Tyagi, Bhavay Sharma, Sree Kumar Kumaraswamy, and Prakash Doraiswamy5 Research on the Impact of Factors Related to PM 2.5 Concentration in Hanoi City, Vietnam 59Anh The Hoang Copyrighted Material6 Commuters’ Exposure to Air Pollutants in a Subway Metro System 71Amit Passi, Yaparla Deepthi, Chithra VS, Lekshmi Mohan V, Shiva Nagendra SM, and Maiya MP7 Formulation and Implementation of Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Protocol in Urban India 83Priyanka Kulshreshtha, Rakesh Kumar, and Mukesh Khare8 Green Nanoparticles: A Sustainable Approach to Air Pollutant Remediation 101Sonam Tripathi and Anindita Bhattacharya9 Road Dust Management Technique for Opencast Coal Mines 113Swades Kumar Chaulya10 Air Pollution Dispersion Modeling and Simulation in Urban Environments 125Lorraine Tellis, Sachin Gupta, Khatija Atthar, Reetika Swamy, Sameer Jadhav, and Jamson Masih11 The Role of IoT in Air Pollution Research: A Bibliometric Analysis from 1975 to 2025 139Niveditha Muruganandam and Surendar Kumar AV12 Development of Air Pollutants Emission Inventory of Urban Anthropogenic Sources in the Tier-II Non-attainment City of India: A Case Study of Vijayawada City, India 151Manuj Sharma and Suresh Jain13 Data-driven Engineering Approaches to Air Pollution Control: Insights from PM 2.5 Seasonal Trends, Trace Elements, and Health Impact Assessment—A Case Study 165Somvir Singh, Vishnu Kumar, Shikha, Mudit Yadav, and Archana Sharma14 Convergence of Policy and Precision: Engineering Standards and Regulatory Frameworks for Sustainable Air Quality Solutions 181Vaishnav Bartaria, Ashok Jangid, and Ranjit KumarIndex 203

Sneha Gautam, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Division of Civil Engineering at Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences. Dr. Gautam’s name has been consecutively listed (2021–2025) among the Top 2% Scientists of the World by Stanford University. He has received several prestigious recognitions, including the Young Scientist Award (2023) by the Academy of Sciences, Chennai, Young Scientist Award (2022), IEI Special Appreciation Award (2021), IEI Young Achiever Award (2020), and the IEI Young Scientist Award (2019). He has published 180+ papers spanning environmental monitoring, air quality, and climate interactions and serves on multiple editorial boards. Ajay Taneja, PhD, is Professor at Dr B.R Ambedkar University Agra and Vice Chancellor at Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University, Lucknow, India. He has more than 175 research articles to his credit. His research portfolio spans indoor/outdoor exposure science, health effects, and mitigation strategies. He is widely cited for contributions that bridge measurement, risk, and policy for air-pollution management.

• List of Contributors ixPreface xiiiAcknowledgments xv1 Introduction—Engineering Solutions for Air Pollution Control 1Raju Ramrao Kulkarni2 Quantifying the Effects of Climate Change on Urban Air Quality—Implications for Infrastructure Design 11Surat Dewan and Anita Lakhani3 Development of Machine Learning Models for Prediction of PM 2.5 Concentration Based on MERRA-2 Reanalysis Data 27Parminder Kaur, Chaitanya B. Pande, and Atar Singh Pipal4 Environmental Impact and Waste Management Challenges for Air Quality Management in Smart Cities 49Rahul Tiwari, Komal Daal, Sanjar Ali, Vandana Tyagi, Bhavay Sharma, Sree Kumar Kumaraswamy, and Prakash Doraiswamy5 Research on the Impact of Factors Related to PM 2.5 Concentration in Hanoi City, Vietnam 59Anh The Hoang Copyrighted Material6 Commuters’ Exposure to Air Pollutants in a Subway Metro System 71Amit Passi, Yaparla Deepthi, Chithra VS, Lekshmi Mohan V, Shiva Nagendra SM, and Maiya MP7 Formulation and Implementation of Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Protocol in Urban India 83Priyanka Kulshreshtha, Rakesh Kumar, and Mukesh Khare8 Green Nanoparticles: A Sustainable Approach to Air Pollutant Remediation 101Sonam Tripathi and Anindita Bhattacharya9 Road Dust Management Technique for Opencast Coal Mines 113Swades Kumar Chaulya10 Air Pollution Dispersion Modeling and Simulation in Urban Environments 125Lorraine Tellis, Sachin Gupta, Khatija Atthar, Reetika Swamy, Sameer Jadhav, and Jamson Masih11 The Role of IoT in Air Pollution Research: A Bibliometric Analysis from 1975 to 2025 139Niveditha Muruganandam and Surendar Kumar AV12 Development of Air Pollutants Emission Inventory of Urban Anthropogenic Sources in the Tier-II Non-attainment City of India: A Case Study of Vijayawada City, India 151Manuj Sharma and Suresh Jain13 Data-driven Engineering Approaches to Air Pollution Control: Insights from PM 2.5 Seasonal Trends, Trace Elements, and Health Impact Assessment—A Case Study 165Somvir Singh, Vishnu Kumar, Shikha, Mudit Yadav, and Archana Sharma14 Convergence of Policy and Precision: Engineering Standards and Regulatory Frameworks for Sustainable Air Quality Solutions 181Vaishnav Bartaria, Ashok Jangid, and Ranjit KumarIndex 203

Sneha Gautam, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Division of Civil Engineering at Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences. Dr. Gautam’s name has been consecutively listed (2021–2025) among the Top 2% Scientists of the World by Stanford University. He has received several prestigious recognitions, including the Young Scientist Award (2023) by the Academy of Sciences, Chennai, Young Scientist Award (2022), IEI Special Appreciation Award (2021), IEI Young Achiever Award (2020), and the IEI Young Scientist Award (2019). He has published 180+ papers spanning environmental monitoring, air quality, and climate interactions and serves on multiple editorial boards. Ajay Taneja, PhD, is Professor at Dr B.R Ambedkar University Agra and Vice Chancellor at Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University, Lucknow, India. He has more than 175 research articles to his credit. His research portfolio spans indoor/outdoor exposure science, health effects, and mitigation strategies. He is widely cited for contributions that bridge measurement, risk, and policy for air-pollution management.

• List of Contributors ixPreface xiiiAcknowledgments xv1 Introduction—Engineering Solutions for Air Pollution Control 1Raju Ramrao Kulkarni2 Quantifying the Effects of Climate Change on Urban Air Quality—Implications for Infrastructure Design 11Surat Dewan and Anita Lakhani3 Development of Machine Learning Models for Prediction of PM 2.5 Concentration Based on MERRA-2 Reanalysis Data 27Parminder Kaur, Chaitanya B. Pande, and Atar Singh Pipal4 Environmental Impact and Waste Management Challenges for Air Quality Management in Smart Cities 49Rahul Tiwari, Komal Daal, Sanjar Ali, Vandana Tyagi, Bhavay Sharma, Sree Kumar Kumaraswamy, and Prakash Doraiswamy5 Research on the Impact of Factors Related to PM 2.5 Concentration in Hanoi City, Vietnam 59Anh The Hoang Copyrighted Material6 Commuters’ Exposure to Air Pollutants in a Subway Metro System 71Amit Passi, Yaparla Deepthi, Chithra VS, Lekshmi Mohan V, Shiva Nagendra SM, and Maiya MP7 Formulation and Implementation of Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Protocol in Urban India 83Priyanka Kulshreshtha, Rakesh Kumar, and Mukesh Khare8 Green Nanoparticles: A Sustainable Approach to Air Pollutant Remediation 101Sonam Tripathi and Anindita Bhattacharya9 Road Dust Management Technique for Opencast Coal Mines 113Swades Kumar Chaulya10 Air Pollution Dispersion Modeling and Simulation in Urban Environments 125Lorraine Tellis, Sachin Gupta, Khatija Atthar, Reetika Swamy, Sameer Jadhav, and Jamson Masih11 The Role of IoT in Air Pollution Research: A Bibliometric Analysis from 1975 to 2025 139Niveditha Muruganandam and Surendar Kumar AV12 Development of Air Pollutants Emission Inventory of Urban Anthropogenic Sources in the Tier-II Non-attainment City of India: A Case Study of Vijayawada City, India 151Manuj Sharma and Suresh Jain13 Data-driven Engineering Approaches to Air Pollution Control: Insights from PM 2.5 Seasonal Trends, Trace Elements, and Health Impact Assessment—A Case Study 165Somvir Singh, Vishnu Kumar, Shikha, Mudit Yadav, and Archana Sharma14 Convergence of Policy and Precision: Engineering Standards and Regulatory Frameworks for Sustainable Air Quality Solutions 181Vaishnav Bartaria, Ashok Jangid, and Ranjit KumarIndex 203