Model-Driven Power System Automation

Iony Patriota de Siqueira serves as President of Tecnix Engineering and Architecture Ltd. and is a respected postgraduate lecturer at several Brazilian universities. He holds a PhD in Electrical Engineering (National Award), an MSc (Honors) in Industrial Engineering, an MBA in Information Systems, and a BSc in Electrical Engineering.

• List of Illustrations xvList of Tables xxvList of Abbreviations xxixAbout the Author xxxvPreface xxxviiAcknowledgments xxxix1 Introduction 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Learning Objectives 21.3 Target Audience 31.4 Prerequisites 41.5 Book Contents 41.6 Book Conventions 61.7 Excluded Contents 71.8 Summary 71.9 Review Questions 72 Automation Evolution 92.1 Introduction 92.2 Learning Objectives 92.3 Substation Evolution 102.4 Protocol Evolution 122.5 Ethernet in Substations 132.6 Interoperability Requirements 142.7 Modeling Requirements 152.8 IEC 61850 Capabilities 192.9 IEC 61850 Documentation 212.10 Digital Substations 252.11 Summary 262.12 Review Questions 263 Network Models 273.1 Introduction 273.2 Learning Objectives 273.3 Open Systems Interconnection Model 273.4 Protocol Models 293.5 Physical Layer Model 323.6 Data Link Layer Model 383.7 Network Layer Model 423.8 Transport Layer Model 433.9 Process-level Model 463.10 Bay-level Model 473.11 Station-level Model 473.12 Corporate-level Model 493.13 Summary 563.14 Review Questions 574 Architecture Models 594.1 Introduction 594.2 Learning Objectives 594.3 Physical Machines 604.4 Virtual Machines 604.5 Distributed Models 624.6 Remote Access Models 654.7 Client–server Models 664.8 Remote Procedure Call Models 704.9 Distributed Object Models 714.10 Peer-to-peer Models 754.11 Service-oriented Models 774.12 Utility Communication Models 784.13 Distributed Real-time Models 804.14 Distributed Models Based on IEC 61850 814.15 Centralized Models Based on IEC 61850 854.16 Summary 864.17 Review Questions 875 IEC 61850 Models 895.1 Introduction 895.2 Learning Objectives 895.3 IEC 61850 905.4 UML Views 915.5 Substation Model 945.6 Product Model 955.7 Type Model 965.8 Communication Model 975.9 Functional Model 985.10 Data Model 1005.11 Service Model 1015.12 Summary 1035.13 Review Questions 1046 Communication Models 1076.1 Introduction 1076.2 Learning Objectives 1076.3 Communication Profiles 1086.4 Communication Messages 1096.5 Communication Requirements 1126.6 Real-time Requirements 1136.7 Abstract Interfaces 1176.8 Specific Interfaces 1206.9 Mapping to MMS 1256.10 Mapping to CORBA 1296.11 Mapping to Ethernet 1346.12 Summary 1376.13 Review Questions 1387 Functional Models 1417.1 Introduction 1417.2 Learning Objectives 1417.3 Functional Modeling 1427.4 Functions 1447.5 Logical Nodes 1477.6 Logical Node Attributes 1547.7 Logical Node Extension Rules 1637.8 Logical Node Usage 1647.9 Generic Logical Nodes 1667.10 PICOM Model 1717.11 Logical Devices 1747.12 Servers 1787.13 Proxies and Gateways 1827.14 Intelligent Electronic Devices 1847.15 Networks 1877.16 Summary 1897.17 Review Questions 1898 Data Models 1918.1 Introduction 1918.2 Learning Objectives 1918.3 Data Modeling 1928.4 Data Hierarchy 1938.5 Primitive Elements 1948.6 Namespaces 1968.7 Data Classes 1978.8 Common Data Classes 2018.9 Data Attributes 2048.10 Data Types 2068.11 Functional Constraints 2078.12 Summary 2118.13 Review Questions 2119 Service Models 2139.1 Introduction 2139.2 Learning Objectives 2139.3 Abstract Services 2139.4 Association Model 2169.5 Logical Node Model 2199.6 Server Model 2249.7 Data Set Model 2279.8 Control Model 2329.9 File Transfer Model 2399.10 Reporting Model 2439.11 Logging Model 2499.12 Setting Model 2539.13 Substitution Model 2569.14 Summary 2589.15 Review Questions 25810 Time Models 26110.1 Introduction 26110.2 Learning Objectives 26110.3 Time Requirements 26110.4 Time Sources 26210.5 Time Distribution 26310.6 Time Servers 26510.7 Time Code Formats 26510.8 Network Time Protocol 26710.9 Precision Time Protocol 26810.10 IEC 61850 Time Modeling 27010.11 Summary 27210.12 Review Questions 27311 Message Models 27511.1 Introduction 27511.2 Learning Objectives 27511.3 Message Types 27511.4 GSE Model 28011.5 GOOSE Model 28011.6 GSSE Model 28611.7 SV Model 29111.8 R-GOOSE/SV Model 29811.9 Synchrophasor Model 29911.10 Summary 30111.11 Review Questions 30312 Engineering Models 30512.1 Introduction 30512.2 Learning Objectives 30512.3 Extensible Markup Language 30512.4 Substation Configuration Language 30712.5 SCL File Types 30812.6 Substation Model 31012.7 Product Model 31212.8 Communication Model 31512.9 Generic Engineering Cycle 31912.10 User Requirements 32112.11 IEC 61850 Engineering Cycle 32212.12 Summary 32712.13 Review Questions 32713 Testing Models 32913.1 Introduction 32913.2 Learning Objectives 32913.3 Testing and Verification 32913.4 Software Testing 33213.5 Model-based Testing 33513.6 IEC 61850 Model Test 33813.7 IEC 61850 Model Validation 34013.8 Object Constraint Language 34113.9 IEC 61850 Unit Tests 34213.10 IEC 61850 System Tests 34513.11 Engineering Tests 34613.12 Factory Tests 35013.13 Interoperability Tests 35213.14 Conformance Tests 35213.15 Performance Tests 35313.16 Site Tests 35513.17 Conformance Statements 35613.18 Summary 35813.19 Review Questions 35914 Security Models 36114.1 Introduction 36114.2 Learning Objectives 36114.3 Cybersecurity Requirements 36214.4 Communication Architecture 36314.5 Power System Threats 36814.6 Power System Vulnerabilities 37014.7 Power System Hackers 37114.8 Automation Security 37614.9 Cybersecurity Domains 37714.10 Cybersecurity Threats 37914.11 Cybersecurity Policies 38014.12 Cybersecurity Countermeasures 38114.13 Corporate Security 38414.14 Operation Security 38714.15 Business Security 38914.16 Substation Security 39014.17 IEC 61850 Security 39214.18 Summary 39314.19 Review Questions 39415 Automation Models 39715.1 Introduction 39715.2 Learning Objectives 39715.3 Merging and Control Functions 39815.4 Protection Functions 39815.5 Interlocking Functions 40315.6 Transfer Functions 40415.7 Breaker Failure Functions 40615.8 Monitoring Functions 40615.9 Transformer Functions 40715.10 Circuit Breaker Functions 40815.11 Hydropower Functions 41015.12 Windpower Functions 41615.13 Teleprotection Functions 41615.14 Wide-area Functions 42115.15 Summary 42415.16 Review Questions 425Annexes 427A.1 IEC 61850 Class Diagram 428A.2 IEC 61850 Substation Model 429A.3 IEC 61850 Windpower Plant Model 431A.4 IEC 61850 Distributed Energy Resource Model 432A.5 IEC 61850 Logical Nodes 433A.6 IEC 61850 Acronyms 439A.7 UML and SysML Graphical Symbols 453A.8 Network and Security Graphical Symbols 454A.9 Functional UML Use Case Template 456Bibliography 459A Tutorials 459B Books 459C Standards 460D Reports 463E Papers 465F Videos 469G Websites 470Index 471