Africa Arino is Associate Professor of General Management at IESE Business School, University of Navarra, Spain, where she serves as Associate Director for Faculty. She is also Academic Director of the Anselmo Rubiralta Center for Globalization and Strategy at IESE. She holds a Ph.D. from the Anderson School of Management at University of California, Los Angeles. Pankaj Ghemawat is the Jaime and Josefina Chua Tiampo Professor of Business Administration at Harvard University's Graduate School of Business Administration and Head of the Strategy Unit. Ph.D. In Business Economics from Harvard University, he worked as a consultant with McKinsey and Company in London during 1982 and 1983, and has taught at the Harvard Business School since then. In 1991, he was appointed the youngest full professor in the Business School's history. He is a Departmental Editor for the Journal of International Business Studies. Joan Enric Ricart is Associate Dean for research and the doctoral programme, and Chairman of the General Management department at IESE Business School, University of Navarra in Spain. He holds Doctoral Degrees in Industrial Engineering (Universidad Politecnica de Catalunya, 1982), Managerial Economics (Northwestern University, 1984) and Economics (Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, 1985). He is President of the European Academy of Management and Associate Editor in Chief for the Journal of International Business Studies.

• List of Figures List of Tables Foreword Acknowledgements Notes on Contributors Introduction: International Strategy and Location Specificity; A.Ariño, P.Ghemawat & J.E.Ricart PART 1: CREATING VALUE THROUGH INTERNATIONAL EXPANSION Introduction; J.Mair The Process of International Expansion in Knowledge-Intensive Settings: Research Questions, Theory, and Summary of Findings; W.Kuemmerle Multilatinas: Emerging Multinationals from Latin America; J.I.Martinez, J.P.Esperança & J.de la Torre Corporate Governance and Globalization: Toward an Actor-Centred Institutional Analysis; R.V.Aguilera & G.S.Yip PART 2: SOURCES OF VALUE IN GLOBAL STRATEGY Introduction: C.Garçia-Pont Firm-Specific and Non-Firm-Specific Sources of Advantage In International Competition; A.Cuervo-Cazurra & C.A.Un Chilean Foreign Direct Investment across Latin America: Alliances and Competitive Advance; P.del Sol International Geography and History in Host Market Competitiveness of Foreign MNEs: A Research Agenda; S.Rangan & A.Drummond PART 3: ORGANIZING MNCs FOR VALUE CREATION Introduction; B.Cassiman & G.Valentini Dual Paths to Multinational Subsidiary Performance: Networking to Learning and Autonomy to Innovation; S.Venaik, D.Midgley & T.Devinney Decentralization of R&D and Know-How Flows through MNEs: Some Stylised Facts and Insights from Theory; R.Veugelers & F.Sanna-Randaccio Multinational Investment and Organizational Risk: A Real Options Approach; J.J.Reuer & A.W.Tong PART 4: GLOBAL ALLIANCES AND NETWORKS Introduction; A.Ariño Globalizing Professional Services: Are Networked Organizations an Answer?; P.Smith Ring The Impact of Personal and Organizational Ties on Strategic Alliance Characteristics and Performance: A Study of Alliances in the USA, Israel and Taiwan; P.Olk, S.M.Gabbay & T.Chung PART 5: INTERNATIONALIZATION, COMPLEXITY AND CORPORATE TRANSFORMATION Introduction; J.E.Ricart The Roles of the Corporate Level in the Internationalization Process of the Firm; A.A.Caldart & J.E.RicartWireless Apostles and Global Emperors: Strategies for Domination in a Global Arena; M.Koza, S.Svejenova & L.Vives Index

Africa Arino is Associate Professor of General Management at IESE Business School, University of Navarra, Spain, where she serves as Associate Director for Faculty. She is also Academic Director of the Anselmo Rubiralta Center for Globalization and Strategy at IESE. She holds a Ph.D. from the Anderson School of Management at University of California, Los Angeles. Pankaj Ghemawat is the Jaime and Josefina Chua Tiampo Professor of Business Administration at Harvard University's Graduate School of Business Administration and Head of the Strategy Unit. Ph.D. In Business Economics from Harvard University, he worked as a consultant with McKinsey and Company in London during 1982 and 1983, and has taught at the Harvard Business School since then. In 1991, he was appointed the youngest full professor in the Business School's history. He is a Departmental Editor for the Journal of International Business Studies. Joan Enric Ricart is Associate Dean for research and the doctoral programme, and Chairman of the General Management department at IESE Business School, University of Navarra in Spain. He holds Doctoral Degrees in Industrial Engineering (Universidad Politecnica de Catalunya, 1982), Managerial Economics (Northwestern University, 1984) and Economics (Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, 1985). He is President of the European Academy of Management and Associate Editor in Chief for the Journal of International Business Studies.

• List of Figures List of Tables Foreword Acknowledgements Notes on Contributors Introduction: International Strategy and Location Specificity; A.Ariño, P.Ghemawat & J.E.Ricart PART 1: CREATING VALUE THROUGH INTERNATIONAL EXPANSION Introduction; J.Mair The Process of International Expansion in Knowledge-Intensive Settings: Research Questions, Theory, and Summary of Findings; W.Kuemmerle Multilatinas: Emerging Multinationals from Latin America; J.I.Martinez, J.P.Esperança & J.de la Torre Corporate Governance and Globalization: Toward an Actor-Centred Institutional Analysis; R.V.Aguilera & G.S.Yip PART 2: SOURCES OF VALUE IN GLOBAL STRATEGY Introduction: C.Garçia-Pont Firm-Specific and Non-Firm-Specific Sources of Advantage In International Competition; A.Cuervo-Cazurra & C.A.Un Chilean Foreign Direct Investment across Latin America: Alliances and Competitive Advance; P.del Sol International Geography and History in Host Market Competitiveness of Foreign MNEs: A Research Agenda; S.Rangan & A.Drummond PART 3: ORGANIZING MNCs FOR VALUE CREATION Introduction; B.Cassiman & G.Valentini Dual Paths to Multinational Subsidiary Performance: Networking to Learning and Autonomy to Innovation; S.Venaik, D.Midgley & T.Devinney Decentralization of R&D and Know-How Flows through MNEs: Some Stylised Facts and Insights from Theory; R.Veugelers & F.Sanna-Randaccio Multinational Investment and Organizational Risk: A Real Options Approach; J.J.Reuer & A.W.Tong PART 4: GLOBAL ALLIANCES AND NETWORKS Introduction; A.Ariño Globalizing Professional Services: Are Networked Organizations an Answer?; P.Smith Ring The Impact of Personal and Organizational Ties on Strategic Alliance Characteristics and Performance: A Study of Alliances in the USA, Israel and Taiwan; P.Olk, S.M.Gabbay & T.Chung PART 5: INTERNATIONALIZATION, COMPLEXITY AND CORPORATE TRANSFORMATION Introduction; J.E.Ricart The Roles of the Corporate Level in the Internationalization Process of the Firm; A.A.Caldart & J.E.RicartWireless Apostles and Global Emperors: Strategies for Domination in a Global Arena; M.Koza, S.Svejenova & L.Vives Index

Africa Arino is Associate Professor of General Management at IESE Business School, University of Navarra, Spain, where she serves as Associate Director for Faculty. She is also Academic Director of the Anselmo Rubiralta Center for Globalization and Strategy at IESE. She holds a Ph.D. from the Anderson School of Management at University of California, Los Angeles. Pankaj Ghemawat is the Jaime and Josefina Chua Tiampo Professor of Business Administration at Harvard University's Graduate School of Business Administration and Head of the Strategy Unit. Ph.D. In Business Economics from Harvard University, he worked as a consultant with McKinsey and Company in London during 1982 and 1983, and has taught at the Harvard Business School since then. In 1991, he was appointed the youngest full professor in the Business School's history. He is a Departmental Editor for the Journal of International Business Studies. Joan Enric Ricart is Associate Dean for research and the doctoral programme, and Chairman of the General Management department at IESE Business School, University of Navarra in Spain. He holds Doctoral Degrees in Industrial Engineering (Universidad Politecnica de Catalunya, 1982), Managerial Economics (Northwestern University, 1984) and Economics (Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, 1985). He is President of the European Academy of Management and Associate Editor in Chief for the Journal of International Business Studies.

• List of Figures List of Tables Foreword Acknowledgements Notes on Contributors Introduction: International Strategy and Location Specificity; A.Ariño, P.Ghemawat & J.E.Ricart PART 1: CREATING VALUE THROUGH INTERNATIONAL EXPANSION Introduction; J.Mair The Process of International Expansion in Knowledge-Intensive Settings: Research Questions, Theory, and Summary of Findings; W.Kuemmerle Multilatinas: Emerging Multinationals from Latin America; J.I.Martinez, J.P.Esperança & J.de la Torre Corporate Governance and Globalization: Toward an Actor-Centred Institutional Analysis; R.V.Aguilera & G.S.Yip PART 2: SOURCES OF VALUE IN GLOBAL STRATEGY Introduction: C.Garçia-Pont Firm-Specific and Non-Firm-Specific Sources of Advantage In International Competition; A.Cuervo-Cazurra & C.A.Un Chilean Foreign Direct Investment across Latin America: Alliances and Competitive Advance; P.del Sol International Geography and History in Host Market Competitiveness of Foreign MNEs: A Research Agenda; S.Rangan & A.Drummond PART 3: ORGANIZING MNCs FOR VALUE CREATION Introduction; B.Cassiman & G.Valentini Dual Paths to Multinational Subsidiary Performance: Networking to Learning and Autonomy to Innovation; S.Venaik, D.Midgley & T.Devinney Decentralization of R&D and Know-How Flows through MNEs: Some Stylised Facts and Insights from Theory; R.Veugelers & F.Sanna-Randaccio Multinational Investment and Organizational Risk: A Real Options Approach; J.J.Reuer & A.W.Tong PART 4: GLOBAL ALLIANCES AND NETWORKS Introduction; A.Ariño Globalizing Professional Services: Are Networked Organizations an Answer?; P.Smith Ring The Impact of Personal and Organizational Ties on Strategic Alliance Characteristics and Performance: A Study of Alliances in the USA, Israel and Taiwan; P.Olk, S.M.Gabbay & T.Chung PART 5: INTERNATIONALIZATION, COMPLEXITY AND CORPORATE TRANSFORMATION Introduction; J.E.Ricart The Roles of the Corporate Level in the Internationalization Process of the Firm; A.A.Caldart & J.E.RicartWireless Apostles and Global Emperors: Strategies for Domination in a Global Arena; M.Koza, S.Svejenova & L.Vives Index