Facilities Change Management

Edward Finchis Professor of Facilities Management in the School of the Built Environment at the University of Salford. With a background of over twenty years of academic involvement in the discipline of facilities management, he is co-ordinator for the CIB International Working Party in Facilities Management (CIB W070) and Editor-in-Chief of Facilities – a leading peer reviewed academic journal in the area of facilities management.

• Preface xi Contributors xiii1 Facilities Change Management in Context 1Edward FinchChapter Overview 11.1 Forces of Change Affecting the Built Environment 11.2 Inertia and Change 21.3 Understanding the S-curve 31.4 The Context of Change 51.4.1 State Versus Direction 61.5 Facilities Management and the Business of Change 81.6 The Scope of Facilities Change Management 91.7 Replacing Like with Unlike 111.8 The Intelligent Client 111.9 The Change Management Cycle 121.9.1 Recognise 131.9.2 Evaluate 141.9.3 Adjust 141.9.4 Carry Out 151.9.5 Track 151.9.6 Treasure 151.10 Summary 162 Change Readiness 17Edward FinchChapter Overview 172.1 Service Providers and Partnering 182.2 Outsourcing Relationships 182.3 The FM Supply Chain 202.4 Flexibility in Support of Change Readiness 212.5 Building Design Decisions and Flexibility 222.6 Types of Flexibility 232.7 Conclusions 243 Form, Function and the Economics of Change 26James Pinder, Simon Austin, Rob Schmidt III, and Alistair GibbChapter Overview 263.1 Introduction 263.2 Changing Demands 273.3 Designing for Adaptability 313.4 Adaptive Re-use 353.5 Conclusions 383.6 Acknowledgements 38References 394 The Change Management Challenge in Growth Firms 42Paul DettwilerChapter Overview 424.1 Introduction 434.2 The Dynamic Relation of Facilities Management Variables and Growth Firms 444.3 The External Factors Relevant to FM 474.4 External Factors Relevant to FM Requirements 504.5 Discerning the Relevance of Needs 514.6 Summary 555 The Business of Space 57Danny Shiem Shin ThenChapter Overview 575.1 Introduction 585.1.1 Space as a Business Resource 585.1.2 Technology and Its Impact on the Corporate Workplace 595.2 Context of Space Planning and Management 595.2.1 Business Management and Economic Drivers 595.2.2 Business Planning and Space Planning 605.3 Strategic Space Planning --- The Accommodation Strategy 615.4 Assessing Demand --- Organisational Needs 635.5 Assessing Supply -- Premises Audit 655.6 Reconciling Demand and Supply -- Facilities Solutions 675.7 Maintaining Strategic Relevance 695.8 The Need for Dialogue 705.9 Managing Occupancy Cost --- Monitoring Utilisation 705.10 Managing Space Demand Over Time 725.10.1 Future Role of Work and Workplace Design 725.10.2 Implications on Workplace Management 735.11 Acknowledgements 746 Project Inception: Facilities Change Management in Practice 76Jim Smith and Peter LoveChapter Overview 766.1 Introduction 766.2 Project Inception 786.3 Definition of Project Inception 796.4 The Decision to Build 816.5 Framework for the Decision to Build 826.6 Gaps/Discontinuity in the Process 826.7 Model of the Project Inception Process 836.8 Performance Briefing 846.9 Example Performance Brief 866.10 Summary 867 Pre-design Evaluation as a Strategic Tool for Facility Managers 92Sheila Walbe Ornstein and Claudia AndradeChapter Overview 927.1 Introduction 927.2 The Pre-design Evaluation Stage 937.3 Pre-design Evaluation: Methods and Techniques 967.3.1 Facility Audit (Performance Evaluation of the Building Infrastructure) 977.3.2 Space Audit (Performance Evaluation of the Physical Occupation) 977.3.3 Survey and Analysis of the Legislative Restrictions 987.3.4 Financial Feasibility Studies 987.3.5 User Satisfaction Evaluation 987.3.6 Data Gathering for the Project Briefing 997.3.7 Design Team Briefing (Focus on the Definition of the Design Team) 1007.3.8 PDE final report 1017.4 Case Study Example 1027.5 Conclusions 1058 Implementing Change 108Melanie Bull and Tim BrownChapter Overview 1088.1 Participation in the Move 1088.2 The Project Team and Preparing the Stage 1098.3 Alternative Workplace Strategies and Space Utilisation 1118.4 Communication 1128.5 Change Management Theory 1128.6 Communication in Change Management 1138.7 Communication Methods/Mediums 1148.8 Case Study 1158.9 Communication Methods Used 1158.10 Feedback 1168.11 Satisfaction with Method Used 1178.11.1 Communicating Impact and Reason for Change 1178.11.2 Suggested Methods for Improving Communication 1188.12 Satisfaction 1188.13 Communication of Change Not Appropriate or Effective 1188.13.1 Case Study: Conclusion and Recommendations 1198.14 Recommendations 1209 User Empowerment in Workspace Change 123Jacqueline C. VischerChapter Overview 1239.1 The ‘Science’ of User Participation 1239.2 Facilities Managers and User Participation 1249.3 The New Workspace Opportunity 1259.4 Principles of Workspace Transformation 1289.4.1 Transformation as Imperative 1299.4.2 Play Out the Process 1309.4.3 Embrace Conflict 1319.4.4 Avoid the Default 1329.4.5 Not a Zero-sum Game 1339.4.6 Empowerment is Key 1339.4.7 Change is Positive 1349.5 Results of Empowering Building Users 13510 Post-occupancy Evaluation of Facilities Change 137Theo J.M. van der Voordt, Iris de Been and Maartje MaarleveldChapter Overview 13710.1 Introduction 13810.2 Aims and Objectives of Poe 13810.2.1 Testing Aims and Expectations 13810.2.2 Exploration and Testing of Theory 13910.2.3 Improving Understanding of Decision-making Processes 13910.2.4 Database of Reference Projects 14010.2.5 Input to Existing or New Decision-making Processes 14010.2.6 Tools, Design Guidelines and Policy Recommendations 14010.3 Data-collection Methods 14010.3.1 WODI Light 14310.3.2 WODI Light Performance Indicators: Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction 14310.3.3 Workplace Game 14410.3.4 Space Utilisation Monitor (SUM) 14610.4 Application in Practice: A Case Study 14610.4.1 Context and Aims of the Case Study 14610.4.2 Data Collection 14710.4.3 Moving in 14810.4.4 Post-occupancy Evaluation 14910.4.5 Lessons Learned 15110.5 Concluding Remarks 15111 Change and Attachment to Place 155Goksenin Inalhan and Edward FinchChapter Overview 15511.1 The Age of Everything 15511.2 Loss and Grief 15611.3 Is Place Attachment Healthy? 15811.4 Dimensions of Place Attachment 16011.5 The Process of Place Attachment 16111.6 Evidence of Place Attachment and Territoriality in the Workplace 16511.6.1 Employees’ Predisposition to Change 16711.6.2 Attitudes Towards Existing Workspaces 16711.6.3 Retrospective Views of the Change 16711.7 Findings 16911.8 Implications 17012 Change Management and Cultural Heritage 175Ana Pereira Roders and John HudsonChapter Overview 17512.1 Introduction 17512.2 Cultural Heritage 17612.2.1 Cultural Significance 17812.3 Cultural Heritage Management 18112.3.1 Cultural Heritage Assessments 18212.3.2 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessments 18512.4 Change Management and Cultural Heritage 187References 187Index 191