Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Nanotechnology

Dr Jamie Lead is Reader in Aquatic Chemistry at the University of Birmingham. He is co-editor of the book Environmental Colloids and Particles (06) Wiley.

"Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Nanotechnology will serve as a valuable resource for academic researchers in nanoscience and nanotechnology, environmental science, materials science and biology, as well as for scientists in industry, regulators and policy developers." (Chemistry Journals, 11 April 2011) "In this detailed volume meant for researchers in nanoscience and nanotechnology, environmental science, materials science, and biology, as well as scientists in industry, regulators, and policy makers, Lead (environmental nanoscience, U. of Birmingham, UK) and Smith (environmental chemistry, U. of the West Indies, Barbados) compile chapters that assess the environmental and health impacts of nanotechnology." (Book News, September 2010)

• Preface BiographiesContributorsChapter 1 - Overview of Nanoscience in the EnvironmentM. Baalousha and J.R. Lead1.1 Introduction1.2 History1.3 Definitions1.4 Investment and International Efforts1.5 Development: Four Anticipated Generations1.6 Applications of Nanotechnology1.7 Potential Benefits of Nanotechnology 1.8 Potential Adverse Effects of Nanomaterials1.9 Classification1.10 Sources of Nanomaterials in the Environment1.11 Properties of Nanomaterials1.12 Nanomaterial Structure–Toxicity Relationship1.13 Environmental Fate and Behaviour of Nanomaterials1.14 Potential for Human Exposure1.15 Detection and Characterization of Nanomaterials1.16 Issues to be Addressed1.17 Conclusion1.18 ReferencesChapter 2 - Nanomaterials: Properties, Preparation and ApplicationsPaul Christian2.1 Overview2.2 Introduction2.3 Nanoparticle Architecture2.4 Particle Properties2.5 Nanoparticle Preparation2.6 Applications of Nanoparticles and Nanotechnology2.7 Implication for Environmental Issues2.8 Conclusions2.9 ReferencesChapter 3 - Size/Shape–Property Relationships of Non-Carbonaceous Inorganic Nanoparticles and Their Environmental ImplicationsDeborah M. Aruguete, Juan Liu and Michael F. Hochella, Jr3.1 Introduction3.2 Inorganic Nanoparticle Anatomy3.3 Redox Chemistry of Nanoparticles3.4 Size Effects in Nanoparticle Sorption Processes3.5 Nanoparticle Fate: Dissolution and Solid State Cation Movement3.6 Effect of Nanoparticle Aggregation on Physical and Chemical Properties3.7 Environmental Implications: General Discussion, Recommendations and Outlook3.8 ReferencesChapter 4 - Natural Colloids and Nanoparticles in Aquatic and Terrestrial EnvironmentsM. Baalousha, J.R. Lead and F.v.d. Kammer and Th. Hofmann4.1 Introduction4.2 Definition4.3 Major Types of Environmental Colloids4.4 Intrinsic Properties of Environmental Colloidal Particles4.5 Interaction Forces Between Colloidal Particles4.6 Fate and Behaviour of Colloids in Aquatic Systems4.7 Fate and Behaviour of Colloids and Nanoparticles in Porous Media4.8 Conclusion4.9 ReferencesChapter 5 - Atmospheric NanoparticlesAurélie Charron and Roy M. Harrison5.1 Introduction5.2 Sources of Atmospheric Nanoparticles5.3 Chemical Composition of Atmospheric Nanoparticles5.4 Fate and Behaviour of Atmospheric Nanoparticles5.5 Atmospheric Concentrations5.6 Measurement Methods for Atmospheric Nanoparticles5.7 Conclusions5.8 ReferencesChapter 6 - Analysis and Characterization of Manufactured Nanoparticles in Aquatic EnvironmentsMartin Hassellöv and Ralf Kaegi6.1 Introduction6.2 Nanoparticle Analysis and Characterization Methods6.3 Analytical Test Strategy in NP Exposure Assessment6.4 Conclusions6.5 Acknowledgements6.6 References7. Ecotoxicology of Manufactured NanoparticlesSimon C. Apte, Nicola J. Rogers and Graeme E. Batley7.1 Introduction7.2 Physico-Chemical Transformation of Nanoparticles7.3 Mechanisms of Nanoparticle Toxicity in the Environment7.4 Development of Valid/Realistic Toxicity Testing Protocols7.5 Review of Ecotoxicity Studies7.6 General Conclusions and Future Directions7.7 References8. Exposure to NanoparticlesRobert J. Aitken, Karen S. Galea, C. Lang Tran and John W. Cherrie8.1 Introduction8.2 Physical Characteristics and Properties of Nanoparticles8.3 Nanoparticle Exposure8.4 Control of Exposure8.5 Discussion8.6 References9. Human Toxicology and Effects of NanoparticlesVicki Stone, Martin Clift and Helinor Johnston9.1 Introduction9.2 Ultrafine Particle Toxicology9.3 Engineered Nanoparticles9.4 Relating Physico-Chemical Properties to Toxicity; Structure: Activity Relationships9.5 Suggestions for Future Study Designs9.6 Conclusions9.7 Abbreviations9.8 References10. Risk Assessment of Manufactured NanomaterialsSophie A. Rocks, Simon J. Pollard, Robert A. Dorey, Paul T. C. Harrison, Len S. Levy, Richard D. Handy, John F. Garrod and Richard Owen10.1 Introduction10.2 Risk Assessment Process10.3 Nanomaterials – Issues for Risk Assessment10.4 Assembling Evidence for Safety and Intervention10.5 International Case Studies10.6 Data Gaps in Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials10.7 Summary10.8 References