Cara R. Baker is a Surgical Registrar George Reese is a Surgical RegistrarJames T. H. Teo is based at Charing Cross Hospital

• Preface ixList of Abbreviations xiBreast SurgeryBreast Abscess 1Breast Cancer 2Breast Disease, Benign 5Cardiothoracic SurgeryLung Cancer 7Pulmonary Embolism 10General SurgeryAbscesses 13Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) 15Appendicitis 17Gastrointestinal Perforation 19Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours 21Hernia, Femoral 23Hernia, Inguinal 25Hernias, Miscellaneous 27Hyperhidrosis 29Ileus and Pseudo-Obstruction 30Ingrowing Toenail 31Intestinal Ischaemia 32Intestinal Obstruction 33Intussusception 35Leg Ulcers (Venous) 37Lipomas 39Meckel’s Diverticulum 40Nutrition 41Pain Management 43Peritonitis 45Pilonidal Sinus 47Sebaceous Cysts 49Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and Sepsis 50Splenic Rupture 52Head and Neck SurgeryBranchial Cyst, Sinus and Fistula 55Parathyroid Disease 56Salivary Gland Tumours 58Thyroglossal Cyst and Fistula 60Thyroid Cancer 61Thyroid Goitre 63Hepatobiliary SurgeryCholangiocarcinoma 65Gallbladder Cancer 67Gallstones 68Hepatocellular Carcinoma 70Liver Abscess 71Pancreatic Cancer 73Pancreatitis, Acute 75Pancreatitis, Chronic 77Lower Gastrointestinal SurgeryAnal Carcinoma 79Anal Fissure 81Angiodysplasia 82Colon Cancer 83Colonic Polyps 86Crohn’s Disease 87Diverticular Disease 90Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage, Lower 92Haemorrhoids 93Perianal Abscess and Fistula 95Rectal Cancer 98Rectal Prolapse 100Toxic Megacolon 101Ulcerative Colitis 102Volvulus, Colonic 104NeurosurgeryCord Compression and Injury 105Extradural Haemorrhage 108Hydrocephalus 109Intracerebral Haemorrhage 112Subarachnoid Haemorrhage 114Subdural Haemorrhage 116Contents ViiOpthalmologyCataracts 119Orthopaedic SurgeryFracture, Neck of Femur 121Septic Arthritis 123Plastic SurgeryBasal Cell Carcinoma (Skin) 125Burns 126Gangrene and Necrotising Fasciitis 128Lymphoedema 130Melanoma, Malignant 132Pressure Sores 134Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Skin) 136ProceduresAbdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair (Open) 137Amputation, Above Knee 139Amputation, Below Knee 140Appendicectomy 142Bariatric Surgery 144Cardiac Transplantation 146Carotid Endarterectomy 148Chest Drain 149Cholecystectomy 150Circumcision, Male 151Colorectal Resection, Abdomino Perineal Resection 152Colorectal Resection, Left Hemicolectomy 154Colorectal Resection, Low Anterior 155Colorectal Resection, Right Hemicolectomy 156Coronary Artery Bypass Graft 157Endovascular Procedures 159Gastrectomies 161Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery 163Liver Resection 165Liver Transplantation 166Mastectomy 168Mastectomy, Segmental (Wide Local Excision) 170Renal Transplantation 171Skin Grafts and Flaps 173Splenectomy 174Stomas 176Suturing 178Thyroidectomy 180Tracheostomy 181Vascular Access 182Vasectomy 183Whipple’s Procedure (Pancreatoduodenectomy) 184Upper Gastrointestinal SurgeryAchalasia 187Gastric Cancer 189Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage, Upper 191Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD) 193Hernia, Hiatus 195Oesophageal Carcinoma 197Oesophageal Perforation 199Peptic Ulcer Disease 201Pyloric Stenosis 203Volvulus, Gastric 204UrologyBenign Prostatic Hyperplasia 205Bladder Cancer 207Epididymitis and Orchitis 209Hydrocoele 211Penile Carcinoma 212Prostate Carcinoma 214Renal Carcinoma 216Testicular Cancer 217Testicular Torsion 219Urinary Tract Calculi 221Vascular SurgeryAortic Aneurysm, Abdominal 225Aortic Dissection 228Arteriovenous Fistulae and Malformations 230Carotid Artery Disease (Atherosclerosis) 232Carotid Body Tumour 234Deep Vein Thrombosis 236Ischaemic Lower Limb, Acute 238Ischaemic Lower Limb, Chronic 240Varicose Veins 242Topic Index 245

Cara R. Baker is a Surgical Registrar George Reese is a Surgical RegistrarJames T. H. Teo is based at Charing Cross Hospital

• Preface ixList of Abbreviations xiBreast SurgeryBreast Abscess 1Breast Cancer 2Breast Disease, Benign 5Cardiothoracic SurgeryLung Cancer 7Pulmonary Embolism 10General SurgeryAbscesses 13Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) 15Appendicitis 17Gastrointestinal Perforation 19Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours 21Hernia, Femoral 23Hernia, Inguinal 25Hernias, Miscellaneous 27Hyperhidrosis 29Ileus and Pseudo-Obstruction 30Ingrowing Toenail 31Intestinal Ischaemia 32Intestinal Obstruction 33Intussusception 35Leg Ulcers (Venous) 37Lipomas 39Meckel’s Diverticulum 40Nutrition 41Pain Management 43Peritonitis 45Pilonidal Sinus 47Sebaceous Cysts 49Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and Sepsis 50Splenic Rupture 52Head and Neck SurgeryBranchial Cyst, Sinus and Fistula 55Parathyroid Disease 56Salivary Gland Tumours 58Thyroglossal Cyst and Fistula 60Thyroid Cancer 61Thyroid Goitre 63Hepatobiliary SurgeryCholangiocarcinoma 65Gallbladder Cancer 67Gallstones 68Hepatocellular Carcinoma 70Liver Abscess 71Pancreatic Cancer 73Pancreatitis, Acute 75Pancreatitis, Chronic 77Lower Gastrointestinal SurgeryAnal Carcinoma 79Anal Fissure 81Angiodysplasia 82Colon Cancer 83Colonic Polyps 86Crohn’s Disease 87Diverticular Disease 90Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage, Lower 92Haemorrhoids 93Perianal Abscess and Fistula 95Rectal Cancer 98Rectal Prolapse 100Toxic Megacolon 101Ulcerative Colitis 102Volvulus, Colonic 104NeurosurgeryCord Compression and Injury 105Extradural Haemorrhage 108Hydrocephalus 109Intracerebral Haemorrhage 112Subarachnoid Haemorrhage 114Subdural Haemorrhage 116Contents ViiOpthalmologyCataracts 119Orthopaedic SurgeryFracture, Neck of Femur 121Septic Arthritis 123Plastic SurgeryBasal Cell Carcinoma (Skin) 125Burns 126Gangrene and Necrotising Fasciitis 128Lymphoedema 130Melanoma, Malignant 132Pressure Sores 134Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Skin) 136ProceduresAbdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair (Open) 137Amputation, Above Knee 139Amputation, Below Knee 140Appendicectomy 142Bariatric Surgery 144Cardiac Transplantation 146Carotid Endarterectomy 148Chest Drain 149Cholecystectomy 150Circumcision, Male 151Colorectal Resection, Abdomino Perineal Resection 152Colorectal Resection, Left Hemicolectomy 154Colorectal Resection, Low Anterior 155Colorectal Resection, Right Hemicolectomy 156Coronary Artery Bypass Graft 157Endovascular Procedures 159Gastrectomies 161Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery 163Liver Resection 165Liver Transplantation 166Mastectomy 168Mastectomy, Segmental (Wide Local Excision) 170Renal Transplantation 171Skin Grafts and Flaps 173Splenectomy 174Stomas 176Suturing 178Thyroidectomy 180Tracheostomy 181Vascular Access 182Vasectomy 183Whipple’s Procedure (Pancreatoduodenectomy) 184Upper Gastrointestinal SurgeryAchalasia 187Gastric Cancer 189Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage, Upper 191Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD) 193Hernia, Hiatus 195Oesophageal Carcinoma 197Oesophageal Perforation 199Peptic Ulcer Disease 201Pyloric Stenosis 203Volvulus, Gastric 204UrologyBenign Prostatic Hyperplasia 205Bladder Cancer 207Epididymitis and Orchitis 209Hydrocoele 211Penile Carcinoma 212Prostate Carcinoma 214Renal Carcinoma 216Testicular Cancer 217Testicular Torsion 219Urinary Tract Calculi 221Vascular SurgeryAortic Aneurysm, Abdominal 225Aortic Dissection 228Arteriovenous Fistulae and Malformations 230Carotid Artery Disease (Atherosclerosis) 232Carotid Body Tumour 234Deep Vein Thrombosis 236Ischaemic Lower Limb, Acute 238Ischaemic Lower Limb, Chronic 240Varicose Veins 242Topic Index 245

Cara R. Baker is a Surgical Registrar George Reese is a Surgical RegistrarJames T. H. Teo is based at Charing Cross Hospital

• Preface ixList of Abbreviations xiBreast SurgeryBreast Abscess 1Breast Cancer 2Breast Disease, Benign 5Cardiothoracic SurgeryLung Cancer 7Pulmonary Embolism 10General SurgeryAbscesses 13Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) 15Appendicitis 17Gastrointestinal Perforation 19Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours 21Hernia, Femoral 23Hernia, Inguinal 25Hernias, Miscellaneous 27Hyperhidrosis 29Ileus and Pseudo-Obstruction 30Ingrowing Toenail 31Intestinal Ischaemia 32Intestinal Obstruction 33Intussusception 35Leg Ulcers (Venous) 37Lipomas 39Meckel’s Diverticulum 40Nutrition 41Pain Management 43Peritonitis 45Pilonidal Sinus 47Sebaceous Cysts 49Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and Sepsis 50Splenic Rupture 52Head and Neck SurgeryBranchial Cyst, Sinus and Fistula 55Parathyroid Disease 56Salivary Gland Tumours 58Thyroglossal Cyst and Fistula 60Thyroid Cancer 61Thyroid Goitre 63Hepatobiliary SurgeryCholangiocarcinoma 65Gallbladder Cancer 67Gallstones 68Hepatocellular Carcinoma 70Liver Abscess 71Pancreatic Cancer 73Pancreatitis, Acute 75Pancreatitis, Chronic 77Lower Gastrointestinal SurgeryAnal Carcinoma 79Anal Fissure 81Angiodysplasia 82Colon Cancer 83Colonic Polyps 86Crohn’s Disease 87Diverticular Disease 90Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage, Lower 92Haemorrhoids 93Perianal Abscess and Fistula 95Rectal Cancer 98Rectal Prolapse 100Toxic Megacolon 101Ulcerative Colitis 102Volvulus, Colonic 104NeurosurgeryCord Compression and Injury 105Extradural Haemorrhage 108Hydrocephalus 109Intracerebral Haemorrhage 112Subarachnoid Haemorrhage 114Subdural Haemorrhage 116Contents ViiOpthalmologyCataracts 119Orthopaedic SurgeryFracture, Neck of Femur 121Septic Arthritis 123Plastic SurgeryBasal Cell Carcinoma (Skin) 125Burns 126Gangrene and Necrotising Fasciitis 128Lymphoedema 130Melanoma, Malignant 132Pressure Sores 134Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Skin) 136ProceduresAbdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair (Open) 137Amputation, Above Knee 139Amputation, Below Knee 140Appendicectomy 142Bariatric Surgery 144Cardiac Transplantation 146Carotid Endarterectomy 148Chest Drain 149Cholecystectomy 150Circumcision, Male 151Colorectal Resection, Abdomino Perineal Resection 152Colorectal Resection, Left Hemicolectomy 154Colorectal Resection, Low Anterior 155Colorectal Resection, Right Hemicolectomy 156Coronary Artery Bypass Graft 157Endovascular Procedures 159Gastrectomies 161Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery 163Liver Resection 165Liver Transplantation 166Mastectomy 168Mastectomy, Segmental (Wide Local Excision) 170Renal Transplantation 171Skin Grafts and Flaps 173Splenectomy 174Stomas 176Suturing 178Thyroidectomy 180Tracheostomy 181Vascular Access 182Vasectomy 183Whipple’s Procedure (Pancreatoduodenectomy) 184Upper Gastrointestinal SurgeryAchalasia 187Gastric Cancer 189Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage, Upper 191Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD) 193Hernia, Hiatus 195Oesophageal Carcinoma 197Oesophageal Perforation 199Peptic Ulcer Disease 201Pyloric Stenosis 203Volvulus, Gastric 204UrologyBenign Prostatic Hyperplasia 205Bladder Cancer 207Epididymitis and Orchitis 209Hydrocoele 211Penile Carcinoma 212Prostate Carcinoma 214Renal Carcinoma 216Testicular Cancer 217Testicular Torsion 219Urinary Tract Calculi 221Vascular SurgeryAortic Aneurysm, Abdominal 225Aortic Dissection 228Arteriovenous Fistulae and Malformations 230Carotid Artery Disease (Atherosclerosis) 232Carotid Body Tumour 234Deep Vein Thrombosis 236Ischaemic Lower Limb, Acute 238Ischaemic Lower Limb, Chronic 240Varicose Veins 242Topic Index 245