Designing Soldier Systems

Pamela Savage-Knepshield is a research psychologist and Chief of the Human Factors Integration Division at the Army Research Laboratory’s (ARL) Human Research and Engineering Directorate (HRED). She earned a Ph.D. in Psychology from Rutgers University and holds one patent assigned to AT&T Corp. In 2008, she received the Department of the Army’s MANPRINT Practitioner of the Year award. In 2010, she returned from serving a tour in Iraq as an Army Materiel Command (AMC) Field Assistance in Science and Technology (FAST) Science Advisor and is a recipient of the Superior Civilian Award and the Global War on Terrorism Civilian Service Medal. She is the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society’s Bulletin Feature Editor and Army Chair of the Department of Defense Human Factors Engineering Technical Advisory Group. John Martin is an operations research analyst working in the area of MANPRINT and human factors engineering. He is currently an AMC FAST Science Advisor at the Joint Readiness Training Center in Grafenwoehr, Germany. He has graduate degrees from Columbia University in Mathematics and Education. He has also done graduate work in Human Factors at Virginia Tech and the University of Michigan and is a member of the Army Acquisition Corps. John Lockett III is Chief of the Integration Methods Branch in ARL HRED. He received a Masters in Industrial and Systems Engineering from Virginia Tech and a B.S. in Engineering Psychology from Tufts University. He has over 25 years research and development experience in human factors and has concentrated on application of workload analysis and human figure modeling technologies to MANPRINT, the US Army's HSI program. Laurel Allender, Ph.D., was appointed as the Director of ARL HRED at Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD in January 2011. Dr. Allender began her career in 1984 at the Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences at Fort Bliss, TX where her research led to the development of an automated assessment capability

’The staff of the Army Research Laboratory, Human Research and Engineering Division have brought together a remarkably comprehensive compendium of their recent human factors and ergonomics research. It covers everything from hearing protection to human-robot interaction and human-system integration. While it focuses on military systems, the research results will be useful to a much broader range of system developers in industry and other government agencies.’ Richard W. Pew, Principal Scientist, Raytheon BBN Technologies, USA ’Designing Soldier Systems highlights the benefits of reverse systems engineering case studies, stressing the need for more up-front human systems integration research and user centered design practices for developmental and fielded military systems. US Army human engineering scientists elucidate trials, tribulations, and lessons for bringing soldier-centric design and operational procedures to successful mission accomplishment in the harsh environments of modern technology-centered battlefields.’ Gerald P. Krueger, PhD, CPE, Colonel, US Army (retired) ’This effort is an extraordinary integration of emerging human design issues combined with a new approach to traditional topics. No human factors practitioner or theorist should miss this book.’ Michael Drillings, PhD

• Contents: Preface; Part I Understanding Human Performance with Complex Systems: Human performance challenges for the Future Force: lessons from Patriot after the second Gulf War, John K. Hawley and Anna L. Mares; Who needs an operator, when the robot is autonomous? The challenges and advantages of robots as team members, Keryl A. Cosenzo and Michael J. Barnes; Effects of operators’ spatial ability on their performance of target detection and robotics tasks, Jessie Y.C. Chen; Reducing workload: a multisensory approach, Linda R. Elliott and Elizabeth S. Redden; Tactile displays in army operational environments, Timothy L. White, Andrea S. Krausman and Ellen C. Haas. Part II Overcoming Operational and Environmental Conditions: Operations on the move: vehicle movement and soldier performance, Richard A. Tauson; Night vision goggle design: overcoming the obstacle of darkness on the ground, Elizabeth S. Redden and Linda R. Elliott; The effects of encapsulation on dismounted warrior performance, Lamar Garrett, Debbie Patton and Linda Mullins; Soldier auditory situation awareness: the effects of hearing protection, communications headsets, and headgear, James E. Melzer, Angelique A. Scharine and Bruce E. Amrein; Human factors in military learning environments, Valerie J. Berg Rice and Petra E. Alfred. Part III Assessing and Designing Systems: The multi-aspect measurement approach: rationale, technologies, tools, and challenges for systems design, Kelvin S. Oie, Stephen Gordon and Kaleb McDowell; Future Soldier-system design concepts: brain-computer interaction technologies, Brent Lance, Jorge Capo and Kaleb McDowell; Soldier-centred design and evaluation techniques, Pamela A. Savage-Knepshield; Addressing and resolving science and technology capability gaps identified by warfighters in Iraq and Afghanistan, Raymond M. Bateman, Charles L. Hernandez and Frank Morelli; Immersive simulations for dismounted soldier research, Kathy L. Kehring; Tactical ergonomics: applying man