Beth Simmons is a Professor of Government at Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts. Previous positions include Assistant Professor at Duke University (Durham, North Carolina) and Associate Professor at the University of California at Berkeley. Her research interests include international law, international human rights, and international political economy. She is author of Who Adjusts? Domestic Sources of Foreign Economic Policy During the Interwar Years, 1924-1939 (1995), and is currently working on a book length manuscript on compliance with international human rights obligations. She is a co-editor of the SAGE Handbook of International Relations (2002).

• PART ONE – Approaches to the Study of International LawHistory and BackgroundThe Role of International Law During the Period of Liberalism and Imperialism - Gerhart NiemeyerThe Variety of International Rules - Anthony Clark ArendInternational Relations and International Law: Two Optics - Robert O KeohaneRealism and International LawThe Main Problems of International Law - Hans J MorgenthauThe Image of Law in International Relations - Martti Koskenniemi, Carl Schmitt and Hans MorgenthauInternational Law and International Order - Hedley BullPower and International Law - Michael ByersCustomary International Law - Jack L Goldsmith and Eric A PosnerMoral and Legal Rhetoric in International Relations: A Rational Choice Perspective - Jack L Goldsmith and Eric A PosnerRational Functionalist ApproachesRational Choice and Functionalist Explanations - Robert O. KeohaneA Functional Theory of International Regimes - Robert O. KeohaneConstructivist and Normative ApproachesIntroduction - Christian Reus-SmitHow do Norms Matter? - Friedrich V KratochwilToward a Theory of International Relations: Some Conceptual and Measurement Issues - Gary Goertz and Paul F DiehlExplaining the Strategic Behavior of States: International Law as System Structure - Stephen A KocsLegitimacy in the International System - Thomas M FranckLegalization and JudicializationThe Concept of Legalization - Kenneth W Abbott, Robert O Keohane, Andrew Moravcsik, Anne-Marie Slaughter and Duncan SnidalJudicialization and the Construction of Governance - Alec Stone SweetPART TWO – International Law and International Relations – the Conceptual TerrainSovereigntySovereignty and Its Discontents - Stephen D KrasnerA New Sovereignty Regime - Robert H JacksonWho is Sovereign? - Richard H SteinbergInternational Integration and Democracy: No Love at First Sight - Eric SteinInternational and Domestic SettingsInternational Law and Domestic Institutions: Reconciling North American "Unfair" Trade Laws - Judith GoldsteinDomestic Politics and International Resources: What Role for International Law? - Eyal BenvenistiThe European Union′s Legal System and Domestic Policy: Spillover or Backlash? - Karen J AlterHow Do International Institutions Matter? The Domestic Impact of International Rules and Norms - Andrew P Cortell and James W Davis, Jr.How International Human Rights Law Affects Domestic Law - Roger S ClarkInternational Commitment and Domestic Politics: A Note on the Maastricht Case - Ralph RotteDemocracies and International Law International Law in a World of Liberal States - Anne-Marie SlaughterDo Liberal States Behave Better? A Critique of Slaughter′s Liberal Theory - Jose E AlvarezDemocratic States and Commitment in International Relations - Kurt Taylor GaubatzThe Argument in a Nutshell - Charles LipsonUniting for Peace?: Democracies and United Nations Peace Operations after the Cold War - James H LebovicPART THREE – Institutions and Theories of ComplianceInternational DesignThe Design of International Agreements - Andrew T GuzmanThe Politics of Dispute Settlement Design: Explaining Legalism in Regional Trade Pacts - James McCall SmithContracting around International Uncertainty - Barbara KorremenosThe Optimal Design of International Trade Institutions: Uncertainty and Escape - B Peter Rosendorff and Helen V MilnerComplianceCompliance with International Agreements - Beth A SimmonsInternational Law, International Relations and Compliance - Kal Raustiala and Anne-Marie SlaughterIs the Good News about Compliance Good News about Cooperation? - George W Downs, David M Rocke and Peter N BarsoomReputation, Compliance and International Law - George W Downs and Michael A JonesCompliance and Post-Agreement Bargaining - Christer Joensson and Jonas TallbergIntroduction: Law and compliance at different levels - Michael ZuernContested Compliance: Interventions on the Normative Structure of World Politics - Antje WienerAdjudicationToward a Theory of Effective Supranational Adjudication - Lawrence R Helfer and Anne-Marie SlaughterCapacity, Commitment, and Compliance: International Institutes and Territorial Disputes - Beth A SimmonsEuropean before the Court: A Political Theory if Legal Integration - Anne-Marie Burley and Walter MattliThe European Court of Justice, National Governments, and Legal Integration in the European Union - Geoffrey Garrett, R Daniel Kelemen and Heiner SchulzPrivate Justice in a Global Economy: From Litigation to Arbitration - Walter MattliLaw, politics, and international governance - Wayne Sandholtz and Alec Stone SweetHow International is "International" Law? - Kurt Taylor Gaubatz and Matthew MacArthurTrials and Errors: Principle and Pragmatism in Strategies of International Justice - Jack Snyder and Leslie VinjamuriPART FOUR – Issue AreasEconomic and Property Rights CooperationIn the Shadow of Law or Power? Consensus-Based Bargaining and Outcomes in the GATT/WTO - Richard H SteinbergTo Settle of Empanel? An Empirical Analysis of Litigation and Settlement at the World Trade Organization - Andrew Guzman and Beth A SimmonsDeveloping Countries as Plaintiffs and Defendants in GATT/WTO Trade Disputes - Chad P BownInternational Law and State Behavior: Commitment and Compliance in International Monetary Affairs - Beth A SimmonsMoments in law: contestation and settlement in the history of intellectual property - Susan Sell and Christopher MayMaking Rules for Governing Global Commons: The Case of Deep-Sea Mining - Thomas Braeuninger and Thomas KoenigSecurity, Use of Force, and the Laws of WarThe Territorial Integrity Norm: International Boundaries and the Use of Force - Mark W ZacherInternational Legal Norms and the Preservation of Peace, 1820-1964: Some Evidence and Bivariate Relationships - Charles W Kegley and Gregory A RaymondThe Collapse of Consent: Is a Legalist Use-of-Force Regime Possible? - Michael J GlennonThe Laws of War, Common Conjectures, and Legal Systems in International Politics - James D MorrowThe New Law of War: Legitimizing Hi-Tech and Infrastructural Violence - Thomas W SmithWhich Norms Matter? Revisiting the "Failure" of Internationalism - Jeffrey W LegroScraps of Paper? Agreements and Durability of Peace - Virginia Page FortnaHuman Rights, Humanitarian Intervention and War CrimesReevaluating Alliance Reliability: Specific Threats, Specific Promises - Brett Ashley Leeds, Andrew G Long and Sara McLaughlin MitchellThe Origins of Human Rights Regimes: Democratic Delegation in Postwar Europe - Andrew MoravcsikSovereignty Relinquished? Explaining Commitment to the International Human Rights Covenants, 1966-1999 - Wade M ColeDo Human Rights Treaties Make a Difference? - Oona A HathawayThe socialization of international human rights norms into domestic human practices: introduction - Thomas Risse and Kathryn SikkinkInternational Relations Theory, International Law, and the Regime Governing Atrocities in Internal Conflicts - Kenneth W AbbottVictor′s Justice or the Law? Judging and Punishing at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia - James MeernikExplaining the International Criminal Court: A "Practice Test" for Rationalist and Constructivist Approaches - Caroline FehlEnvironmentCompliance with International Treaties: Lessons from International Oil Pollution - Ronald B MitchellGetting Countries to Comply with International Agreements - Edith Brown Weiss and Harold K JacobsenMeasuring the Effectiveness of International Environmental Regimes - Carsten Helm and Detlef SprinzTrade-Environment Negotiations in the EU, NAFTA, and WTO: Regional Trajectories of Rule Development - Richard H Steinberg

Beth Simmons is a Professor of Government at Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts. Previous positions include Assistant Professor at Duke University (Durham, North Carolina) and Associate Professor at the University of California at Berkeley. Her research interests include international law, international human rights, and international political economy. She is author of Who Adjusts? Domestic Sources of Foreign Economic Policy During the Interwar Years, 1924-1939 (1995), and is currently working on a book length manuscript on compliance with international human rights obligations. She is a co-editor of the SAGE Handbook of International Relations (2002).

• PART ONE – Approaches to the Study of International LawHistory and BackgroundThe Role of International Law During the Period of Liberalism and Imperialism - Gerhart NiemeyerThe Variety of International Rules - Anthony Clark ArendInternational Relations and International Law: Two Optics - Robert O KeohaneRealism and International LawThe Main Problems of International Law - Hans J MorgenthauThe Image of Law in International Relations - Martti Koskenniemi, Carl Schmitt and Hans MorgenthauInternational Law and International Order - Hedley BullPower and International Law - Michael ByersCustomary International Law - Jack L Goldsmith and Eric A PosnerMoral and Legal Rhetoric in International Relations: A Rational Choice Perspective - Jack L Goldsmith and Eric A PosnerRational Functionalist ApproachesRational Choice and Functionalist Explanations - Robert O. KeohaneA Functional Theory of International Regimes - Robert O. KeohaneConstructivist and Normative ApproachesIntroduction - Christian Reus-SmitHow do Norms Matter? - Friedrich V KratochwilToward a Theory of International Relations: Some Conceptual and Measurement Issues - Gary Goertz and Paul F DiehlExplaining the Strategic Behavior of States: International Law as System Structure - Stephen A KocsLegitimacy in the International System - Thomas M FranckLegalization and JudicializationThe Concept of Legalization - Kenneth W Abbott, Robert O Keohane, Andrew Moravcsik, Anne-Marie Slaughter and Duncan SnidalJudicialization and the Construction of Governance - Alec Stone SweetPART TWO – International Law and International Relations – the Conceptual TerrainSovereigntySovereignty and Its Discontents - Stephen D KrasnerA New Sovereignty Regime - Robert H JacksonWho is Sovereign? - Richard H SteinbergInternational Integration and Democracy: No Love at First Sight - Eric SteinInternational and Domestic SettingsInternational Law and Domestic Institutions: Reconciling North American "Unfair" Trade Laws - Judith GoldsteinDomestic Politics and International Resources: What Role for International Law? - Eyal BenvenistiThe European Union′s Legal System and Domestic Policy: Spillover or Backlash? - Karen J AlterHow Do International Institutions Matter? The Domestic Impact of International Rules and Norms - Andrew P Cortell and James W Davis, Jr.How International Human Rights Law Affects Domestic Law - Roger S ClarkInternational Commitment and Domestic Politics: A Note on the Maastricht Case - Ralph RotteDemocracies and International Law International Law in a World of Liberal States - Anne-Marie SlaughterDo Liberal States Behave Better? A Critique of Slaughter′s Liberal Theory - Jose E AlvarezDemocratic States and Commitment in International Relations - Kurt Taylor GaubatzThe Argument in a Nutshell - Charles LipsonUniting for Peace?: Democracies and United Nations Peace Operations after the Cold War - James H LebovicPART THREE – Institutions and Theories of ComplianceInternational DesignThe Design of International Agreements - Andrew T GuzmanThe Politics of Dispute Settlement Design: Explaining Legalism in Regional Trade Pacts - James McCall SmithContracting around International Uncertainty - Barbara KorremenosThe Optimal Design of International Trade Institutions: Uncertainty and Escape - B Peter Rosendorff and Helen V MilnerComplianceCompliance with International Agreements - Beth A SimmonsInternational Law, International Relations and Compliance - Kal Raustiala and Anne-Marie SlaughterIs the Good News about Compliance Good News about Cooperation? - George W Downs, David M Rocke and Peter N BarsoomReputation, Compliance and International Law - George W Downs and Michael A JonesCompliance and Post-Agreement Bargaining - Christer Joensson and Jonas TallbergIntroduction: Law and compliance at different levels - Michael ZuernContested Compliance: Interventions on the Normative Structure of World Politics - Antje WienerAdjudicationToward a Theory of Effective Supranational Adjudication - Lawrence R Helfer and Anne-Marie SlaughterCapacity, Commitment, and Compliance: International Institutes and Territorial Disputes - Beth A SimmonsEuropean before the Court: A Political Theory if Legal Integration - Anne-Marie Burley and Walter MattliThe European Court of Justice, National Governments, and Legal Integration in the European Union - Geoffrey Garrett, R Daniel Kelemen and Heiner SchulzPrivate Justice in a Global Economy: From Litigation to Arbitration - Walter MattliLaw, politics, and international governance - Wayne Sandholtz and Alec Stone SweetHow International is "International" Law? - Kurt Taylor Gaubatz and Matthew MacArthurTrials and Errors: Principle and Pragmatism in Strategies of International Justice - Jack Snyder and Leslie VinjamuriPART FOUR – Issue AreasEconomic and Property Rights CooperationIn the Shadow of Law or Power? Consensus-Based Bargaining and Outcomes in the GATT/WTO - Richard H SteinbergTo Settle of Empanel? An Empirical Analysis of Litigation and Settlement at the World Trade Organization - Andrew Guzman and Beth A SimmonsDeveloping Countries as Plaintiffs and Defendants in GATT/WTO Trade Disputes - Chad P BownInternational Law and State Behavior: Commitment and Compliance in International Monetary Affairs - Beth A SimmonsMoments in law: contestation and settlement in the history of intellectual property - Susan Sell and Christopher MayMaking Rules for Governing Global Commons: The Case of Deep-Sea Mining - Thomas Braeuninger and Thomas KoenigSecurity, Use of Force, and the Laws of WarThe Territorial Integrity Norm: International Boundaries and the Use of Force - Mark W ZacherInternational Legal Norms and the Preservation of Peace, 1820-1964: Some Evidence and Bivariate Relationships - Charles W Kegley and Gregory A RaymondThe Collapse of Consent: Is a Legalist Use-of-Force Regime Possible? - Michael J GlennonThe Laws of War, Common Conjectures, and Legal Systems in International Politics - James D MorrowThe New Law of War: Legitimizing Hi-Tech and Infrastructural Violence - Thomas W SmithWhich Norms Matter? Revisiting the "Failure" of Internationalism - Jeffrey W LegroScraps of Paper? Agreements and Durability of Peace - Virginia Page FortnaHuman Rights, Humanitarian Intervention and War CrimesReevaluating Alliance Reliability: Specific Threats, Specific Promises - Brett Ashley Leeds, Andrew G Long and Sara McLaughlin MitchellThe Origins of Human Rights Regimes: Democratic Delegation in Postwar Europe - Andrew MoravcsikSovereignty Relinquished? Explaining Commitment to the International Human Rights Covenants, 1966-1999 - Wade M ColeDo Human Rights Treaties Make a Difference? - Oona A HathawayThe socialization of international human rights norms into domestic human practices: introduction - Thomas Risse and Kathryn SikkinkInternational Relations Theory, International Law, and the Regime Governing Atrocities in Internal Conflicts - Kenneth W AbbottVictor′s Justice or the Law? Judging and Punishing at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia - James MeernikExplaining the International Criminal Court: A "Practice Test" for Rationalist and Constructivist Approaches - Caroline FehlEnvironmentCompliance with International Treaties: Lessons from International Oil Pollution - Ronald B MitchellGetting Countries to Comply with International Agreements - Edith Brown Weiss and Harold K JacobsenMeasuring the Effectiveness of International Environmental Regimes - Carsten Helm and Detlef SprinzTrade-Environment Negotiations in the EU, NAFTA, and WTO: Regional Trajectories of Rule Development - Richard H Steinberg

Beth Simmons is a Professor of Government at Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts. Previous positions include Assistant Professor at Duke University (Durham, North Carolina) and Associate Professor at the University of California at Berkeley. Her research interests include international law, international human rights, and international political economy. She is author of Who Adjusts? Domestic Sources of Foreign Economic Policy During the Interwar Years, 1924-1939 (1995), and is currently working on a book length manuscript on compliance with international human rights obligations. She is a co-editor of the SAGE Handbook of International Relations (2002).

• PART ONE – Approaches to the Study of International LawHistory and BackgroundThe Role of International Law During the Period of Liberalism and Imperialism - Gerhart NiemeyerThe Variety of International Rules - Anthony Clark ArendInternational Relations and International Law: Two Optics - Robert O KeohaneRealism and International LawThe Main Problems of International Law - Hans J MorgenthauThe Image of Law in International Relations - Martti Koskenniemi, Carl Schmitt and Hans MorgenthauInternational Law and International Order - Hedley BullPower and International Law - Michael ByersCustomary International Law - Jack L Goldsmith and Eric A PosnerMoral and Legal Rhetoric in International Relations: A Rational Choice Perspective - Jack L Goldsmith and Eric A PosnerRational Functionalist ApproachesRational Choice and Functionalist Explanations - Robert O. KeohaneA Functional Theory of International Regimes - Robert O. KeohaneConstructivist and Normative ApproachesIntroduction - Christian Reus-SmitHow do Norms Matter? - Friedrich V KratochwilToward a Theory of International Relations: Some Conceptual and Measurement Issues - Gary Goertz and Paul F DiehlExplaining the Strategic Behavior of States: International Law as System Structure - Stephen A KocsLegitimacy in the International System - Thomas M FranckLegalization and JudicializationThe Concept of Legalization - Kenneth W Abbott, Robert O Keohane, Andrew Moravcsik, Anne-Marie Slaughter and Duncan SnidalJudicialization and the Construction of Governance - Alec Stone SweetPART TWO – International Law and International Relations – the Conceptual TerrainSovereigntySovereignty and Its Discontents - Stephen D KrasnerA New Sovereignty Regime - Robert H JacksonWho is Sovereign? - Richard H SteinbergInternational Integration and Democracy: No Love at First Sight - Eric SteinInternational and Domestic SettingsInternational Law and Domestic Institutions: Reconciling North American "Unfair" Trade Laws - Judith GoldsteinDomestic Politics and International Resources: What Role for International Law? - Eyal BenvenistiThe European Union′s Legal System and Domestic Policy: Spillover or Backlash? - Karen J AlterHow Do International Institutions Matter? The Domestic Impact of International Rules and Norms - Andrew P Cortell and James W Davis, Jr.How International Human Rights Law Affects Domestic Law - Roger S ClarkInternational Commitment and Domestic Politics: A Note on the Maastricht Case - Ralph RotteDemocracies and International Law International Law in a World of Liberal States - Anne-Marie SlaughterDo Liberal States Behave Better? A Critique of Slaughter′s Liberal Theory - Jose E AlvarezDemocratic States and Commitment in International Relations - Kurt Taylor GaubatzThe Argument in a Nutshell - Charles LipsonUniting for Peace?: Democracies and United Nations Peace Operations after the Cold War - James H LebovicPART THREE – Institutions and Theories of ComplianceInternational DesignThe Design of International Agreements - Andrew T GuzmanThe Politics of Dispute Settlement Design: Explaining Legalism in Regional Trade Pacts - James McCall SmithContracting around International Uncertainty - Barbara KorremenosThe Optimal Design of International Trade Institutions: Uncertainty and Escape - B Peter Rosendorff and Helen V MilnerComplianceCompliance with International Agreements - Beth A SimmonsInternational Law, International Relations and Compliance - Kal Raustiala and Anne-Marie SlaughterIs the Good News about Compliance Good News about Cooperation? - George W Downs, David M Rocke and Peter N BarsoomReputation, Compliance and International Law - George W Downs and Michael A JonesCompliance and Post-Agreement Bargaining - Christer Joensson and Jonas TallbergIntroduction: Law and compliance at different levels - Michael ZuernContested Compliance: Interventions on the Normative Structure of World Politics - Antje WienerAdjudicationToward a Theory of Effective Supranational Adjudication - Lawrence R Helfer and Anne-Marie SlaughterCapacity, Commitment, and Compliance: International Institutes and Territorial Disputes - Beth A SimmonsEuropean before the Court: A Political Theory if Legal Integration - Anne-Marie Burley and Walter MattliThe European Court of Justice, National Governments, and Legal Integration in the European Union - Geoffrey Garrett, R Daniel Kelemen and Heiner SchulzPrivate Justice in a Global Economy: From Litigation to Arbitration - Walter MattliLaw, politics, and international governance - Wayne Sandholtz and Alec Stone SweetHow International is "International" Law? - Kurt Taylor Gaubatz and Matthew MacArthurTrials and Errors: Principle and Pragmatism in Strategies of International Justice - Jack Snyder and Leslie VinjamuriPART FOUR – Issue AreasEconomic and Property Rights CooperationIn the Shadow of Law or Power? Consensus-Based Bargaining and Outcomes in the GATT/WTO - Richard H SteinbergTo Settle of Empanel? An Empirical Analysis of Litigation and Settlement at the World Trade Organization - Andrew Guzman and Beth A SimmonsDeveloping Countries as Plaintiffs and Defendants in GATT/WTO Trade Disputes - Chad P BownInternational Law and State Behavior: Commitment and Compliance in International Monetary Affairs - Beth A SimmonsMoments in law: contestation and settlement in the history of intellectual property - Susan Sell and Christopher MayMaking Rules for Governing Global Commons: The Case of Deep-Sea Mining - Thomas Braeuninger and Thomas KoenigSecurity, Use of Force, and the Laws of WarThe Territorial Integrity Norm: International Boundaries and the Use of Force - Mark W ZacherInternational Legal Norms and the Preservation of Peace, 1820-1964: Some Evidence and Bivariate Relationships - Charles W Kegley and Gregory A RaymondThe Collapse of Consent: Is a Legalist Use-of-Force Regime Possible? - Michael J GlennonThe Laws of War, Common Conjectures, and Legal Systems in International Politics - James D MorrowThe New Law of War: Legitimizing Hi-Tech and Infrastructural Violence - Thomas W SmithWhich Norms Matter? Revisiting the "Failure" of Internationalism - Jeffrey W LegroScraps of Paper? Agreements and Durability of Peace - Virginia Page FortnaHuman Rights, Humanitarian Intervention and War CrimesReevaluating Alliance Reliability: Specific Threats, Specific Promises - Brett Ashley Leeds, Andrew G Long and Sara McLaughlin MitchellThe Origins of Human Rights Regimes: Democratic Delegation in Postwar Europe - Andrew MoravcsikSovereignty Relinquished? Explaining Commitment to the International Human Rights Covenants, 1966-1999 - Wade M ColeDo Human Rights Treaties Make a Difference? - Oona A HathawayThe socialization of international human rights norms into domestic human practices: introduction - Thomas Risse and Kathryn SikkinkInternational Relations Theory, International Law, and the Regime Governing Atrocities in Internal Conflicts - Kenneth W AbbottVictor′s Justice or the Law? Judging and Punishing at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia - James MeernikExplaining the International Criminal Court: A "Practice Test" for Rationalist and Constructivist Approaches - Caroline FehlEnvironmentCompliance with International Treaties: Lessons from International Oil Pollution - Ronald B MitchellGetting Countries to Comply with International Agreements - Edith Brown Weiss and Harold K JacobsenMeasuring the Effectiveness of International Environmental Regimes - Carsten Helm and Detlef SprinzTrade-Environment Negotiations in the EU, NAFTA, and WTO: Regional Trajectories of Rule Development - Richard H Steinberg