SAGE Library of International Relations – serie

The first four volumes of this eight volume set provide comprehensive coverage of the factors that determined the evolution of world system in the twentieth century. Between them they consider the central questions of the period:-Why did the ′long peace′ of the nineteenth century break down so completely between 1914 and 1945?-How and by what means was a new kind of order created between 1947 and 1991?-Why did this apparently durable system fall apart and with what consequences for the next century? With over 80 thematically organized articles selection by Michael Cox, Volumes 1-4 examine the 20th century as a period of unprecedented turbulence, marked by unprecedented global confrontations. Volume One looks at the causes and consequences of the collapse of the balance of power after 1914.Volume Two examines the emergence of the United States and its impact on international politics in a bipolar world.Volume Three consdiers the peaceful conclusion of the Cold War.Volume Four looks at the ways theorists of international relations conceptualized the post-Cold War unipolar `moment′ under conditions of globalization.Together the Volumes combine to provide an unparalleled resource providing broad coverage of the subject with historical depth and contemporary relevance. The SAGE Library of International Relations is a new series of major works that will bring together the most influential and field-defining articles, both classical and contemporary, in a number of key areas of research and inquiry in International Relations.Each multi-volume set will represent a collection of the essential published works collated from the foremost publications in the field by an Editor or Editorial Team of renowned international stature. They will also include a full introduction, presenting a rationale for the selection and mapping out the discipline′s past, present and likely future. This series is designed to be a `gold standard′ for university libraries throughout the world with an interest in World Politics and International Relations.

The second four volumes of this eight volume set provide comprehensive coverage of the factors that determined the evolution of world system in the twentieth century. Between them they consider the central questions of the period:-Why did the ′long peace′ of the nineteenth century break down so completely between 1914 and 1945?-How and by what means was a new kind of order created between 1947 and 1991?-Why did this apparently durable system fall apart and with what consequences for the next century? With over 80 thematically organized articles selection by Michael Cox, Volumes 5-8 explore what happened following the collapse of the bipolar order in 1989 and the implications of this transition for the conduct of international relations.Volume Five traces the rise of the new Europe but explains the continuing weakness of Europe as an international actor.Volume Six examines the claim that the new 21st century is more likely to revolve around the Pacific than the United States or the Atlantic.Volume Seven asks the question: whatever happened to the Third Word? Volume Eight explores the possible sources of new challenges to international order following the brutal termination of the short-lived post-Cold War era on September 11, 2001.Together the volumes combine to provide an unparalleled resource providing broad coverage of the subject with historical depth and contemporary relevance. The SAGE Library of International Relations is a new series of major works that will bring together the most influential and field-defining articles, both classical and contemporary, in a number of key areas of research and inquiry in international relations.Each multi-volume set will represent a collection of the essential published works collated from the foremost publications in the field by an Editor or Editorial Team of renowned international stature. They will also include a full introduction, presenting a rationale for the selection and mapping out the discipline′s past, present and likely future. This series is designed to be a `gold standard′ for university libraries throughout the world with an interest in world politics and international relations.

This collection brings the best research into migration across state borders together. Reflecting the complexity and diversity of work in this area, the set draws on the work of sociologists, lawyers, economists, political scientists and geographers as well as international relations scholars. Andrew Geddes′ selection examines the causes, modes, patterns and consequences of international migration and demonstrates how its analysis requires connections to be made between the domestic and the international.

The study of diplomacy - in many respects the ′engine room′ of international relations - has been marked by a revitalisation in recent years. This three-volume collection is the first to bring together the seminal writings in the field to provide a unique reference work on this essential institution for the conduct of international affairs.The volumes include an introduction by Jönsson and Langhorne followed by sixty selections thematically organised across three volumes: Theory of Diplomacy, History of Diplomacy, and Problems and Issues in Contemporary Diplomacy. The result is an unparalleled resource that combines broad coverage of the subject with both historical depth and contemporary relevance. Volume 1: introduces and reviews classic and contemporary definitional questions surrounding the study of diplomacy and theories of the origin and functions of diplomacy.Volume 2: reviews the evolution from ′Old′ to ′New′ diplomacy through more than three millennia. Contributions span key eras of diplomacy from the earliest diplomatic records through Renaissance Italy to the development of the European state system and the aftermath of war. Volume 3: focuses on areas of change, continuity and challenge in the current context and practice of diplomacy. Contributions address the contending debates around a perceived decline or crisis of diplomacy on the one hand, and the emergence of new, non-state, actors, modes and means of contemporary diplomacy, on the other.Series information:The SAGE Library of International Relations is a new series of major works that will bring together the most influential and field-defining articles, both classical and contemporary, in a number of key areas of research and inquiry in International Relations.Each multi-volume set will represent a collection of the essential published works collated from the foremost publications in the field by an Editor or Editorial Team of renowned international stature. They will also include a full introduction, presenting a rationale for the selection and mapping out the discipline′s past, present and likely future. This series is designed to be a ′gold standard′ for university libraries throughout the world with an interest in International Relations.

The role of law in world politics has become a major part of the study of international relations in the last fifteen years. This six-volume set brings together in a single source articles that reflect the spectrum of theoretical and empirical work on International Law in the social sciences. Together they address the central questions about the necessity, development and role of International Law:-How do international norms and rules about behavior develop?-Do they influence important aspects of interactions among states and other entities?-How do they condition international politics?Part 1: Approaches to the Study of International LawHistory and Background, Realism and International Law: Constructivist and Normative Approaches: Legalization and Judicialization:Part 2: International Law and International Relations: The Conceptual TerrainSovereignty,International and Domestic SettingsInstitutional Design,Compliance, AdjudicationDemocracies and International LawPart 3: Issue AreasEconomic and Property Rights CooperationSecurity, Use of Force, and the Laws of WarHuman Rights, Humanitarian Intervention and War Crimes

This major reference work comprises 80 articles representing the most influential theoretical writings by international relations scholars. Introduced by an essay from Stephen Chan and Cerwyn Moore, the four thematically organised volumes cover the major traditions of international relations (IR) theory:Volume 1 examines realist theory in IR and includes classic realist statements as well as recent theoretical critiques and debates that have helped set the parameters of this approach.Volume 2 traces the development of pluralist approaches to IR from the historical emergence of liberalism through to contemporary work on globalisation, human rights and ethics. Volume 3 covers the various structuralist approaches stemming from the thinking of Marx and Gramsci as well as more recent work on the structures of global civil society and international political economy.Volume 4 focuses on the range of reflexive approaches to international relations that include constructivism, feminism, postmodernism and critical geopolitics.Together, the four volumes provide an unparalleled resource providing both broad coverage of the subject, historical depth and contemporary relevance. The SAGE Library of International Relations is a new series of major works that will bring together the most influential and field-defining articles, both classical and contemporary, in a number of key areas of research and inquiry in International Relations.Each multi-volume set will represent a collection of the essential published works collated from the foremost publications in the field by an Editor or Editorial Team of renowned international stature. They will also include a full introduction, presenting a rationale for the selection and mapping out the discipline′s past, present and likely future. This series is designed to be a ′gold standard′ for university libraries throughout the world with an interest in International Relations.

International Security is one of the main sub-fields of International Relations. This four-volume collection will bring together seminal journal articles and some book chapters to map the main themes and turning points in the development of International Security Studies.Volume 1: Military-Political Security during the Cold War covers the traditional military-political security agenda from 1945 to the ending of the cold war.Volume 2: Military-Political Security since the Cold War reflects the perceived crisis of relevance in the whole strategic studies agenda and examines the responses to a radically different international political context. Volume 3: Widening the Agenda of International Security traces the broadening of traditional security concerns and shows how economic, environmental and societal security came onto the agenda of international security. Volume 4: Challenging State Security is about approaches that challenge state security including critical security studies, human security, feminism, and postmoderist/poststructualist approaches. Together the four volumes map the progress from the traditional security agenda to more contemporary challenges like terrorism. They serve to demonstrate the wide scope of the international security agenda today, as well as the wide range of methodologies and epistemologies used to approach the subject. Including an extensive overall introduction and part introductions by the Editors, this multi-volume set will be an essential purchase for all Political Science Libraries and Schools of International Relations.

This five-volume set is the first major collection on this core substantive policy field in international political inquiry. It serves not only to present the history of the field in the form of its most important earlier writings, but also to present the core theoretical texts of this sub-discipline of international relations as it stands today, addressing the current issues and controversies engaging this internationally vibrant community of scholars around the world.Part One: Historical Development of Foreign Policy Analysis assembles scholarly contributions which have been seminal in the development of foreign policy analysis as an academic field by tracing the important historical pathways, junctures and formative moments in this policy domain.Parts Two and Three: Current Theoretical Approaches to Foreign Policy Analysis shift the focus to contemporary theoretical approaches to foreign policy analysis over the last decade and a half including modern realism, liberal intergovernmentalism and institutionalism, cognitive and psychological approaches, and more recent social constructivist and poststructuralist thinking.Part Four: Problems and Debates in Contemporary Foreign Policy Analysis turns the attention away from substance of foreign policy to the question of how such analysis should proceed in the first place. Issues covered include the agency-structure debate, the role of ideas and discourses in FPA, critiques of neorealism and other mainstream approaches, in addition to other controversies and debates of an overarching nature.Together the four parts provide an unparalleled resource for all international relations, political science and public policy libraries.

How international conflict might be managed or resolved is a major focal point of a very large and growing body of scholarly research. This five volume set provides an intellectual history to the fields of conflict management and resolution as well as some of the best contemporary research on the subject. Incorporating over 80 articles, the volumes also include a number of classic works that have been critical in setting the conceptual and theoretical underpinnings of research today. The result is a wide-ranging collection encompassing many topics and streams of research over several decades from a number of disciplinary heritages including political science, social psychology and economics. Topical coverage includes but is not limited to theories of conflict, evaluation methods, crisis management, negotiation, mediation, peacekeeping, intervention as well as articles on implementation and long term resolutionPart I: Theory and ConceptsPart II: Methods and EvaluationPart III: Techniques/ApproachesPart IV: Long Term Resolution

International environmental politics is an important component of both current scholarship in, and the curricula of, departments of international relations, international studies, and political science in the United States and around the world. These four volumes bring together the very strongest writings from the scholarly literature on the increasingly important topic of international environmental politics, selected from a diverse range of disciplines and publications. The collection sheds light on the political sources of global environmental problems, the processes by which states negotiate solutions to them, and the efforts of international institutions to address them. Part 1: Global environmental problems and their sourcesPart 2: International environmental agenda setting and policy formationPart 3: The effects of international environmental institutionsPart 4: International environmental issues and international environmental debates

Global Terrorism brings together the very best research on terrorism as viewed from a global and comparative perspective. Many of the papers included are from the post 9/11 period, which has seen a significant increase in the volume of research on terrorism whose focus goes beyond individual groups or countries. There are also a number of extremely important contributions that trace the development of this strand of terrorism research in the second half of the twentieth century, in particular the 1980s and 1990s. The collection covers a comprehensive range of topics including: -Causes of Terrorism-Tactics and Targets-Religious Terrorism-Ethnic/Nationalist Terrorism-Ideological Terrorism-Terrorist Groups and Criminal Organizations-State Involvement in Terrorism-Countermeasures-The Global ′War on Terrorism′The editors′ introductory essay contextualises the selection, sets out a basic framework on terrorism and terrorists, and discusses some of the groups and countries that are especially relevant to the analysis of global terrorism. With a comprehensive international focus and key contributors from the discipline, this four volume set will be an essential resource for academics and students to develop their research and study in the field.Please note that contents are subject to change.

From its beginnings as a trading organization the European Union (EU) has become an immensely important actor in the international system. This collection distils the very best writings, both classic and contemporary, in the field of its international relations across a range of policy fields. The selected articles and chapters reflect the breadth of the EU′s activities in the world, including its economic and security relationships, as well as its unique status in the academic study of international relations. The SAGE Library of International Relations brings together the most influential and field-defining articles, both classical and contemporary, in a number of key areas of research and inquiry in International Relations.Each multi-volume set represents a collection of the essential published works collated from the foremost publications in the field by an editor or editorial team of renowned international stature. They also include a full introduction, presenting a rationale for the selection and mapping out the discipline′s past, present and likely future. This series is designed to be a ′gold standard′ for university libraries throughout the world with an interest in International Relations.

The contemporary importance of the Asia-Pacific region in international relations has generated a very large and diverse academic literature. This four-volume set brings together for the first time a collection of essential articles covering the key themes and issues since the end of the Cold War. It examines the ways in which the region understands its place in the world and how the rest of the world understands the ′Asia Pacific′, before turning to matters of security, international political economy and regional governance. Volume I: Theorizing International Relations: Asia Views the World and the World Views Asia Volume II: International Relations in Practice: Securities Old and NewVolume III: The International Political Economy of Development in East AsiaVolume IV: Regions and RegionalismSeries description:The SAGE Library of International Relations brings together the most influential and field-defining articles, both classical and contemporary, in a number of key areas of research and inquiry in International Relations.Each multi-volume set represents a collection of the essential published works collated from the foremost publications in the field by an editor or editorial team of renowned international stature. They also include a full introduction, presenting a rationale for the selection and mapping out the discipline′s past, present and likely future. This series is designed to be a ′gold standard′ for university libraries throughout the world with an interest in International Relations.

This four-volume set has been created to capture and organise 60 years of research and policy discourse on regional integration and regionalism. Since the mid-1980s there has been an explosion of various forms of regionalist projects on a global scale. The widening and deepening of the European Union (EU) is the most pervasive example, but regionalism is also made visible through the revitalization or expansion of many other regional projects around the world. With a strong global focus on the field, this new major work will be of great value to the international academic community, collating and presenting seminal articles written by scholars from around the globe. The volumes are structured chronologically, reflecting the evolution of the subject: Volume One: 1940s-1960s Classical Regional IntegrationVolume Two: 1970s-1980s Revisions of Classical Regional IntegrationVolume Three: 1990s- The New RegionalismVolume Four: 2000-2010 Comparative Regionalism

Following on from where 2004′s widely acclaimed three-volume SAGE collection, Diplomacy (ed. Jonsson & Langhorne) left off, this new four-volume major work takes a new look at a subject which has matured and developed significantly over the past decade. With the rise of India, China and Brazil as well as of the global south, diplomacy′s history looks different. Significant shifts have prompted scholars in the field to reconsider the historical sequences that are relevant to an understanding of what diplomacy is today, and where it may be heading. Increased mediazation of global politics and diplomacy has prompted an exponential growth in literature on public diplomacy. This collection has been carefully structured so that each volume gives the reader an overview of the literature on a new area of development in the study of diplomacy: Volume One: Diplomatic institutionsVolume Two: Diplomacy in a Multicultural WorldVolume Three: The Pluralisation of Diplomacy - Changing Actors, Developing Arenas and New IssuesVolume Four: Public Diplomacy

Human security is understood as a response to the proliferation of new security threats which fit awkwardly within the relatively narrow confines of the traditional, state-centric national security paradigm. Human Security is a field of study that has emerged over the last 20 years. It is a sub-section of security studies but encompass a diverse range of academic disciplines and policy discourses (development studies, international relations, environmental studies, public health, economics, gender issues, human rights and foreign policy). It is also increasingly being adopted by policy-makers from individual nation states (Canada and Japan), bodies (European Union and the African Union) as well as institutionalized by the United Nations, and used by non-state actors in such as NGOs and the corporate sector. This volume serves as a valuable compilation of a disparate discourse, and a core reference for scholars and practitioners in a wide range of fields. Volume One: Concept and CritiqueVolume Two : As Critical Theory Volume Three: Policy and AdvocacyVolume Four: Methodologies and Tools

This new 4-volume Major Work showcases the main debates and controversies associated with peacebuilding. In particular, this collection seeks to go beyond a simple explanation of peacebuilding institutions and projects to unpack the ideas and ideologies that underpin the subject. Recent years have seen a large increase in the academic and policy literature on peacebuilding. They have also seen significant successes and failures in peacebuilding, reforms among international organisations (such as the United Nations and World Bank), and increased prominence awarded to local peacebuilding actors. The articles in this major work capture these changes and collectively present a state-of-the-art account of contemporary peacebuilding.Containing diverse perspectives, including from scholars from the global south and global north, and from scholars with different methodological standpoints, this collection is designed with academics as well as practitioners in mind.Volume 1: Ideas and FoundationsVolume 2: ActorsVolume 3: IssuesVolume 4: Contexts

Although international relations as a field focuses largely on war and peace between nation-states, the vast majority of conflicts have been within countries rather than between them. This is particularly true today, with scarcely any ongoing interstate wars raging between countries, but dozens of armed civil conflicts occurring within them. This new four-volume major work surveys competing theories about the causes, character, and conclusion of substate political violence, and explores how states, non-state actors, and the international community attempt to resolve political violence. This new four-volume collection combines theories from international relations and comparative politics with empirical studies of recent and ongoing conflicts. Volume One: Concepts and Theories of Political ViolenceVolume Two: Causes of Political ViolenceVolume Three: Dynamics of Political ViolenceVolume Four: Responses and Alternatives to Political Violence

While the Cold War ended more than two decades ago and global nuclear stockpiles have shrunk dramatically, there are still around 18,000 nuclear warheads distributed among nine nuclear armed states. Against the backdrop of continual political tensions and conflict, the nuclear issue will continue to dominate headlines for several decades into the future. This new four-volume Major Work explores this important issue and aims to introduce readers to the key arguments and authors in the field. With such a wide variety of theoretical approaches and substantive topics under the umbrella of nuclear politics, this collection will not only allow the reader to peruse the diverse explanations for the regime, proliferation, nonproliferation and disarmament, it will also guide them through the intellectual history of the field.   Volume One: The Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime Volume Two: Nuclear Proliferation Volume Three: Nuclear Nonproliferation Volume Four: Nuclear Disarmament and Alternative Voices on Nuclear Issues

Literature on the UN is as wide-ranging as the organisation′s remit; there exists a multitude of books, articles and reports on its various programmes and activities. The very breadth of literature about the organisation can make it hard to navigate and understand. The format of this Major Work is ideally suited to a serious treatment of the United Nations that can clarify and illuminate its structures and role, and make it accessible to scholars and practitioners. The generous eight-volume format, containing the best cross-disciplinary articles from around the world, provides an opportunity to present a comparative and holistic analysis of the organisation. Framed by a contextualising introductory chapter, this major work will allow for the interconnections between the UN’s humanitarian, developmental, environmental and peace and security work to be more deeply explored and elaborated upon.  Volume 1: Origins and EvolutionVolume 2: MachineryVolume 3: Roles and RelationshipsVolume 4: A UN for the 21st CenturyVolume 5: Conflict and CrisisVolume 6: Rights, Justice and ProtectionVolume 7: Poverty and DevelopmentVolume 8: Environment and Sustainability

As a quarry for data, testing-ground for theory and site of investigation, history has been one of the unacknowledged partners of International Relations. The last two decades has witnessed both a substantial increase in the scope of historical IR scholarship and in the sophistication of methodological approaches to history, accompanied by a rapidly increasing (and multidisciplinary) interest in the history of international thought, as well as an ever more sophisticated historiography of the discipline itself.  This Major Work is structured in a way to engage with the key recent developments in the field of international relations, providing the reader with an overview of approaches to history in IR; the history of international thought/historiography; and the emergence of the state and the state system.  Volume One: Doing Historical International RelationsVolume Two: The History of International ThoughtVolume Three: The State in Historical PerspectiveVolume Four: The State System in Historical Perspective

This interdisciplinary resource brings together important works from the fields of international relations theory and Middle East studies - it promotes a stronger dialogue and cross-fertilisation between the two areas of study. The work’s esteemed editorial team has structured the volumes thematically, to allow for ease of navigation and clear understanding of the different key aspects:Volume One addresses the more fundamental and (meta)theoretical issues relating to the debate about the study of Middle East international relationsVolume Two looks at the history of the field, addressing the debate about the emergence and evolution of the modern Middle East state system.Volume Three examines more recent debates, and primarily the issue about the role of identity politics in international relations.Volume Four engages with more classic and well-known issues from the general IR debate and explores to what extent assumptions and approaches from these debates are also useful in the study of Middle East international relations.The articles are framed by an introductory essay written by the editors, which helps to guide the reader through the volumes by providing further context and explaining the rationale behind the selection of literature.

The study of religion and international relations has been gathering pace over the past few decades, and has intensified since the start of the new millennium, when the discipline experienced a sudden surge of interest attributable to world events, starting with the Iranian Revolution and culminating with U.S. incursions into Afghanistan and Iraq. This four-volume set organizes and contextualizes this burgeoning literature and its contribution to the study of international theory, focusing in particular on its influence in the subfield of war and peace studies. The four volumes are arranged thematically, including papers which offer a range of answers to key questions such as: How has religion shaped the structure of international system?How do we define the relationship between religion and war?In what ways has religion prevented, constrained or resolved conflict?How do we approach the methodological, ontological and epistemological challenges raised by the interdisciplinary study of religion and international relations?

The European Union′s significance as an international actor rests on several foundations. Empirically, the Union′s size, scope and scale gives it a presence in the world in terms of politics, diplomacy, economics, trade and aid that is in need of analysis and contextualisation. In theoretical terms, the Union is a fascinating experiment in democratic, multi-state, multinational polity-building the likes of which we have not seen before. Across four volumes, the editors present the foundational articles that have shaped mainstream academic discourse surrounding this topic as well as a handful of more provocative pieces. The result is a series of maps; at different scales and highlighting different topographical features, which will cumulatively provide a sophisticated and nuanced understanding of this fascinating international actor. Volume One: Foundations and Design Volume Two: International Political Economy Volume Three: Core Foreign Policies Volume Four: Critical International Relationships

The SAGE Library of International Relations brings together the most influential and field-defining articles, both classical and contemporary, in a number of key areas of research and inquiry in International Relations.Each multi-volume set represents a collection of the essential published works collated from the foremost publications in the field by an editor or editorial team of renowned international stature. They also include a full introduction, presenting a rationale for the selection and mapping out the discipline′s past, present and likely future. This series is designed to be a ′gold standard′ for university libraries throughout the world with an interest in International Relations.This four-volume set provides a comprehensive collection of classic and contemporary works on genocide sourced from a wide range of disciplines including international relations, international law, anthropology, psychology, history and sociology. Volume I highlights the legal framings of genocide and deploys some of the key theoretical contributions of the academic field of comparative genocide studies.Volume II seeks to provide both an empirical and an argumentative survey of key genocides in human history, particularly those of the modern period.Volume III focuses on the rich debates over human beings′ agency in genocide, and the political, psychological, sociological, and anthropological perspectives that illuminate it.Volume IV explores diverse strategies of genocide prevention, and the spirited debate over humanitarian intervention and post-genocide peace building and restitution.

This four-volume collection brings together the academic writings of scholars who have examined America′s foreign policy through the lens of diverse and often contradictory political traditions that stretch back to the founding of the United States, including liberalism, ′messianism′ and ′isolationism′. The selected papers address the historical development of these traditions, their application for understanding contemporary US foreign policy, the emergence of new traditions such as neoconservatism, and the perpetual existence of ′anti-Americanism′. The SAGE Library of International Relations brings together the most influential and field-defining articles, both classical and contemporary, in a number of key areas of research and inquiry in International Relations.Each multi-volume set represents a collection of the essential published works collated from the foremost publications in the field by an editor or editorial team of renowned international stature. They also include a full introduction, presenting a rationale for the selection and mapping out the discipline′s past, present and likely future. This series is designed to be a ′gold standard′ for university libraries throughout the world with an interest in International Relations.

Ethnic conflicts in various scales and forms are a feature of the post-Cold War international landscape from which no region of the world is completely free. In terms of impact, it has been equally devastating for both developed and developing states. Therefore, there has never been a more appropriate time to study ethnic conflict in all its dimensions. This four-volume collection examines the many facets of ethnic conflict including their causes, consequences and resolution.Volume I - Ethnic Identity includes articles dealing with the various interpretations and meanings of ethnicity and the debate surrounding the formation, persistence and salience of ethnic identity. Volume II - Causes of Ethnic Conflict focuses on causal explanations of ethnic conflict. Volume III - The Consequences of Ethnic Conflict then focuses on the consequences or impacts of ethnic conflict. Finally Volume IV - The Settlement of Ethnic Conflict discusses articles that cover the settlement of ethnic conflict.

This four-volume collection of seminal journal articles and book excerpts examines traditional approaches to international relations as well as critical, radical and non-Western theories of global politics. The set includes a detailed introduction by the editors and is designed to complement their successful set Theories of International Relations. Volume 1 Approaches to Theory in International Relations will focus on the historical development of the discipline and touch upon key issues and key debates, Volume 2 on Approaches to Theory in International Relations will examine themes and theories, Volume 3 on the radical and inter-disciplinary Approaches to International Relations, and Volume 4 on Non-Western Approaches to International Relations.

Sovereign nations share the international system with a host of non-statetransnational actors. Some of these entities have been created by statesthemselves, often as a result of the need to jointly solve a commonproblem, such as the United Nations. Other international entitiesare created when members of a society organize across traditionalnational boundaries to deal with a collective concern, such as AmnestyInternational or Oxfam. To understand and explain contemporary worldpolitics we need to consider these institutions, as key actors influencingissues of war and peace.Although transnational actors are not new on the world stage, the numberand type of these international entities expanded dramatically afterWorld War II. This set examines both the rise of these new transnationalactors and their effect on international politics and policies.Volume One: Causes – Why Do International Institutions Exist?Volume Two: Consequences – When, Where and Why InternationalInstitutions are EffectiveVolume Three: Types of Institutions – Security and EconomicVolume Four: Types of Institutions – Environment, Human Rights,International Courts, Multilateralism, Regionalism