Kirk A. Randazzo is Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of South Carolina.

"This book provides a valuable insight into the decision making of US federal judges on foreign policy issues … [and] is a good starting point for further work on interactive judicial decision making." — Political Studies Review

• List of FiguresList of TablesAcknowledgmentsIntroductionA Historical Look at the Federal Courts and U.S. Foreign PolicyThe Scope of the ProjectOrganization of the Book1. Theoretical FoundationsDefinitions of U.S. Foreign PolicyTypes of Foreign Policy Cases Adjudicated in Federal CourtsConstitutional/Legal TheoriesInternational Relations/Foreign Policy TheoriesTheories of Judicial PoliticsConclusions2. Individual ExaminationsThe Paradox of Foreign Affairs LitigationTheoretical ExpectationsResearch Design and MethodsEmpirical ResultsConclusions3. The Hierarchy of Justice and the Courts of Appeals Historical Development of the Federal Judiciary Theories of Judicial Compliance and Structural HierarchiesFormal Model of Appeals Court Decision MakingResearch Design and Methods Empirical ResultsConclusions 4. The Hierarchy of Justice and the District CourtsHistorical Development of the District CourtsPolicy Making in a Judicial Hierarchy Formal Model of District Court Decision Making Research Design and MethodsEmpirical ResultsConclusions5. Defenders of Liberty or Champions of Security?Analytical ContributionsCivil Liberties Protection in a Post-September 11 EnvironmentQuantitative Analysis of Lower Courts Qualitative Analysis of the Supreme Court Conclusions AppendicesAppendix One: Coding RulesAppendix Two: Litigant Codes Appendix Three: Issue Codes Notes References Index

Kirk A. Randazzo is Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of South Carolina.

"This book provides a valuable insight into the decision making of US federal judges on foreign policy issues … [and] is a good starting point for further work on interactive judicial decision making." — Political Studies Review

• List of FiguresList of TablesAcknowledgmentsIntroductionA Historical Look at the Federal Courts and U.S. Foreign PolicyThe Scope of the ProjectOrganization of the Book1. Theoretical FoundationsDefinitions of U.S. Foreign PolicyTypes of Foreign Policy Cases Adjudicated in Federal CourtsConstitutional/Legal TheoriesInternational Relations/Foreign Policy TheoriesTheories of Judicial PoliticsConclusions2. Individual ExaminationsThe Paradox of Foreign Affairs LitigationTheoretical ExpectationsResearch Design and MethodsEmpirical ResultsConclusions3. The Hierarchy of Justice and the Courts of Appeals Historical Development of the Federal Judiciary Theories of Judicial Compliance and Structural HierarchiesFormal Model of Appeals Court Decision MakingResearch Design and Methods Empirical ResultsConclusions 4. The Hierarchy of Justice and the District CourtsHistorical Development of the District CourtsPolicy Making in a Judicial Hierarchy Formal Model of District Court Decision Making Research Design and MethodsEmpirical ResultsConclusions5. Defenders of Liberty or Champions of Security?Analytical ContributionsCivil Liberties Protection in a Post-September 11 EnvironmentQuantitative Analysis of Lower Courts Qualitative Analysis of the Supreme Court Conclusions AppendicesAppendix One: Coding RulesAppendix Two: Litigant Codes Appendix Three: Issue Codes Notes References Index

Kirk A. Randazzo is Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of South Carolina.

"This book provides a valuable insight into the decision making of US federal judges on foreign policy issues … [and] is a good starting point for further work on interactive judicial decision making." — Political Studies Review

• List of FiguresList of TablesAcknowledgmentsIntroductionA Historical Look at the Federal Courts and U.S. Foreign PolicyThe Scope of the ProjectOrganization of the Book1. Theoretical FoundationsDefinitions of U.S. Foreign PolicyTypes of Foreign Policy Cases Adjudicated in Federal CourtsConstitutional/Legal TheoriesInternational Relations/Foreign Policy TheoriesTheories of Judicial PoliticsConclusions2. Individual ExaminationsThe Paradox of Foreign Affairs LitigationTheoretical ExpectationsResearch Design and MethodsEmpirical ResultsConclusions3. The Hierarchy of Justice and the Courts of Appeals Historical Development of the Federal Judiciary Theories of Judicial Compliance and Structural HierarchiesFormal Model of Appeals Court Decision MakingResearch Design and Methods Empirical ResultsConclusions 4. The Hierarchy of Justice and the District CourtsHistorical Development of the District CourtsPolicy Making in a Judicial Hierarchy Formal Model of District Court Decision Making Research Design and MethodsEmpirical ResultsConclusions5. Defenders of Liberty or Champions of Security?Analytical ContributionsCivil Liberties Protection in a Post-September 11 EnvironmentQuantitative Analysis of Lower Courts Qualitative Analysis of the Supreme Court Conclusions AppendicesAppendix One: Coding RulesAppendix Two: Litigant Codes Appendix Three: Issue Codes Notes References Index