Gender Inequality

David E. Newton holds a BA in chemistry, an MA in education from the University of Michigan, and an EdD in science education from Harvard University.

Recommended. General readers; lower- and upper-division undergraduates; two-year technical program students.

• Preface,1 Background and History,Introduction,Men and Women; Female and Male,Matriarchy and Patriarchy,No Matriarchal Societies?,Why Paternity?,Subordination of Women,Legal Restrictions,Always Male Privilege?,Opposing Voices,Cross-Dressing,The Rise of Feminism,The Woman's Rights Movement in the United States: 19th Century,Aftermath of the Seneca Falls Convention,Women's Rights Organizations,Legislative Campaigns,The Lost Constituency,The Battle Continues,The Progressive Era,The Woman's Movement in the United States, 1920–1960,The Second Wave of Feminism,Third Wave Feminism,A Fourth Wave of Feminism?,Conclusion,References,2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions,Introduction,The Equal Rights Amendment,Biology as Destiny,Education,Politics,The Workplace and Pay Inequities,Solutions,Women in Business: The Glass Ceiling and Glass Cliff,The Pay Gap,Gender Inequality in the Professions,Gender Inequality in Sports,Sexual Harassment,Gender Inequality Today,Men's Movement,References,3 Perspectives,Introduction,Who's Disadvantaged? by Sandy Becker,Reference,It's Time to Fix STEM by Kathleen Frost,References,Teaching Sex Education in Zambia Changed My Perspective of Feminism by Emily Hirsch,References,Gender Inequality in Medical Research by Carolyn Hoemann,References,Beyond Gender Equality: Creating Equity for People of All Genders by Lila Leatherman,References,The Impact of Mentoring by Maeve McCarthy, Stephen Cobb, Claire Fuller, Paula Waddill, and Robin Zhang,References,We Need a Reset by Alyssa Kara Miller,References,Intersectionality: A Brief History by Kimberly A. Probolus,References,Micro-Level Gender Inequality: A Transgender Man's Perspective by Jay Sorensen,References,Gender Equity: We're All in This Together by Marissa Williams and Martha Rampton,4 Profiles,Introduction,Susan B. Anthony (1820–1906),Margaret Brent (ca. 1601–ca. 1671),Center for American Women in Politics,Christine de Pizan (1364–ca. 1430),François Marie Charles Fourier (1772–1837),Betty Friedan (1921–2006),Institute for Women's Policy Research,Maria Mitchell (1818–1889),National Organization for Women,National Women's Law Center,Alice Paul (1885–1977),Jeannette Rankin (1880–1973),Deborah Sampson (1760–1827),Sojourner Truth (1797–1883),Women's Bureau,References,5 Data and Documents,Introduction,Data,Table 5.1. Income Inequality by Sex in the United States, 1960–2016,Table 5.2. Median Weekly Earnings of Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Detailed Occupation and Sex (in dollars),Table 5.3. Women's Earnings as a Percentage of Men's, by Age, for Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers, 1979–2017,Table 5.4. Historical Summary of Higher Education Faculty: Selected Years, 1869–1970 through 2015–2016,Table 5.5. Employment Status of Women and Men in the United States, 1978–2018 (in thousands),Documents,The Holy Bible (Sixth Century BCE [?]),Aristotle on Women (Fourth Century BCE),Early Christian Leaders,Taming of the Shrew (ca. 1593),An Act Concerning Feme-Sole Traders (1718),Coverture (1765),Abigail Adams to John Adams (1776),A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: With Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects (1792),Suffrage Laws,Declaration of Sentiments, Grievances, and Resolutions (1848),New York Married Women's Property Laws (1848),Bradwell v. State, 83 U.S. 130 (1872),Minor v. Happersett, 88 U.S. 162 (1874),In Re Lockwood, 154 U.S. 116 (1894),Muller, Plaintiff, in Error, v. the State of Oregon, 208 U.S. 412 (1908),We Oppose Woman Suffrage (ca. 1916),Equal Pay Act of 1963,Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972,Cohen v. Brown University (1992),Davis v. Monroe County Board of Education (1999),6 Resources for Further Research,Introduction,Books,Articles,Reports,Internet,7 Chronology,Introduction,Glossary,Index,About the Author,