Pediatric Cardiovascular Medicine

Dr. James H. Moller is Professor, Department of Pediatrics, and Paul F. Dwan Professor in Education in Pediatric Cardiology at the University of Minnesota, where he has also served as Chief of Pediatrics, Chief of Staff and, from 1999-2003,Chairman of the Department of Pediatrics. He has further served as Chief of Pediatrics at Fairview-University Medical Center. Dr. Moller is an extremely well-known name in Pediatric Cardiology and has authored or co-authored over 200 articles in peer-reviewed journals and edited, authored or co-edited 14 books, including Pediatric Cardiology: The Essential Pocket Guide, a Wiley-Blackwell title he co-edits with Dr. Walter Johnson. A Past-President of the American Heart Association, Dr. Moller is the recipient of AHA's Gold Heart Award and a Meritorious Achievement Award from the AHA's Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. He is also the recipient of a Distinguished Service Award from the American Academy of Pediatrics, whose Minnesota Chapter he has chaired. Currently he serves on the Editorial Boards of American Family Physician, Circulation, Focus on Outcomes Analysis, Progress in Pediatric Cardiology, and World Journal of Pediatrics. Dr. Julien I. E. Hoffman is professor emeritus of pediatrics and a senior member of the Cardiovascular Research Institute at the University of California at San Francisco. At Moffitt and Long Hospitals in San Francisco, he is an attending pediatrician. He also serves on the medical advisory committee for the SIDS Alliance. A member of the advisory committee for the Fetal Surgery Project on Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia, Dr. Hoffman is also chairman of the Oversight Committee on Fetal Surgery and chairman of the Cardiovascular Research Institute's Animal Research Committee. He serves on the editorial board of Circulation Research and is a reviewer for many journals, including the American Journal of Cardiology, the American Journal of Genetics, the American Review of Respiratory Disease, Circulation, Pediatrics, and the Journal of Pediatrics. Dr. Hoffman has been a visiting professor and an invited lecturer at many prestigious universities throughout North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Africa.

• List of Contributors xPreface xvii1 Normal and Abnormal Cardiac Development 1Adriana C. Gittenberger-de Groot, Monique R. M. Jongbloed & Robert E. Poelmann2 Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease in the Young 23Lisa J. Martin, Robert B. Hinton & D. Woodrow Benson3 Developmental Physiology of the Circulation 33Abraham M. Rudolph        4 Basic Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart, and Coronary and Peripheral Circulations 46Julien I. E. Hoffman5 Pulmonary Vascular Pathophysiology 71Marlene Rabinovitch6 Clinical History and Physical Examination 81James H. Moller7 Electrocardiography 102Anne M. Dubin8 Echocardiography 113Rajesh Punn, Mark K. Friedberg & Norman H. Silverman9 Radiographic Techniques 157Alison K. Meadows10 Cardiac Catheterization and Angiography 177John D. R. Thomson & Shakeel A. Qureshi11 Exercise Testing 200Per Morten Frederiksen12 Thrombosis in Congenital and Acquired Disease 206Lindsay M. Ryerson, M. Patricia Massicotte & Mary E. Bauman13 Genetic Testing 222Nitin Madan & Bruce D. Gelb14 Practices in Congenital Cardiac Surgery: Pulmonary Artery Banding, Systemic to Pulmonary Artery Shunting, Cardiopulmonary Bypass, and MechanicalVentricular Assist Devices 231James D. St. Louis & Roosevelt Bryant III15 Postoperative Problems 239John M. Costello, Satish K. Rajagopal & Thomas J. Kulik16 Fetal Treatment 248Helena M. Gardiner17 Newborn Diagnosis and Management 254Kazuo Momma18 Noncardiac Problems of the Neonatal Period 261James M. Greenberg19 The Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Malformations 268Christopher Wren20 Anatomy and Description of the Congenitally Malformed Heart 276Robert H. Anderson, Anthony M. Hlavacek & Jeffrey Smallhorn21 Atrial Level Shunts Including Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection and Scimitar Syndrome 289Carlos A. C. Pedra & Simone R. Fontes Pedra22 Atrioventricular Septal Defects 308Stuart Berger, Peter J. Bartz, David E. Saudek, John T. Hambrook & James S. Tweddell23 Ventricular Septal Defect 328Daniel J. Penny24 Aortopulmonary Shunts: Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Aortopulmonary Window, Aortic Origin of a Pulmonary Artery 343Jie Shen & D. Woodrow Benson25 Sinus of Valsalva Fistula 354Alpay Çeliker & Seden Erten Çelik26 Systemic Arteriovenous Fistula 358Ahmad I. Alomari27 Left Ventricular Inflow Obstruction: Pulmonary Vein Stenosis, Cor Triatriatum, Supravalvar Mitral Ring, Mitral Valve Stenosis 374Walter H. Johnson Jr & James K. Kirklin28 Left Ventricular Inflow Regurgitation 386Pierre-Emmanuel Séguéla, Bertrand Léobon & Philippe Acar29 Right Ventricular Inflow Obstruction 401James H. Moller30 Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction: Aortic Valve Stenosis, Subaortic Stenosis, Supravalvar Aortic Stenosis, and Bicuspid Aortic Valve 406Colin McMahon31 Left Ventricular Outflow Regurgitation and Aortoventricular Tunnel 426Vijaya Joshi & Roxane McKay32 Coarctation of the Aorta and Interrupted Aortic Arch 436Eric Rosenthal33 Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction 459Philipp C. Lurz, Ingo Daehnert & Philipp Bonhoeffer34 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection 476Shiv Kumar Choudhary, Sachin Talwar & Sivasubramanian Ramakrishnan35 Tricuspid Atresia 487P. Syamasundar Rao36 Ebstein Anomaly of the Tricuspid Valve 509David J. Driscoll & Joseph A. Dearani37 Anomalies of the Coronary Sinus 518Shannon M. Mackey-Bojack & James H. Moller38 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome 523Robert B. Hinton & D. Woodrow Benson39 Univentricular Heart 534Jacqueline Kreutzer, César Viegas, Eduardo A. Kreutzer & Guillermo O. Kreutzer40 Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum 572Henry Chubb & Piers E. F. Daubeney41 Tetralogy of Fallot and Pulmonary Atresia with Ventricular Septal Defect 590Andrew Redington42 Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries 609Daniel Sidi, Pascal Vouhé & Phalla Ou43 Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries 625Tim S. Hornung & A. Louise Calder44 Transposition and Malposition of the Great Arteries with Ventricular Septal Defects 638Daniel Sidi, Pascal Vouhé & Phalla Ou45 Common Arterial Trunk (Truncus Arteriosus) 651Albert P. Rocchini & Bryan H. Goldstein46 Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations 660Shivu Kaushik & James Gossage47 Vascular Rings 667Kevin K. Whitehead & Paul M. Weinberg48 Coronary Arterial Abnormalities and Diseases 674Julien I. E. Hoffman49 Pulmonary Artery Sling 696Christian Apitz, Christoph Döhlemann & Jürgen Apitz50 Abnormalities of Situs 702Bruno Marino, Paolo Versacci, Paolo Guccione & Adriano Carotti51 Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension 730Cécile Tissot & Maurice Beghetti52 Central Nervous System Complications 753Jane W. Newburger53 Adults with Congenital Heart Disease 762Anji T. Yetman & Gary D. Webb54 Quality of Life and Psychosocial Functioning in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease 773Elisabeth M. W. J. Utens, Elisabeth H. M. van Rijen, Petra Opic & Jolien W. Roos-Hesselink55 Cardiac Arrhythmias: Diagnosis and Management 784George F. Van Hare & Anne M. Dubin56 Syncope 806John R. Phillips & Larry A. Rhodes57 Cardiovascular Disease, Sudden Cardiac Death, and Preparticipation Screening in Young Competitive Athletes 814Barry J. Maron58 Cardiomyopathies 826Jeffrey A. Towbin59 Pericardial Diseases 855Jonathan N. Johnson & Frank Cetta60 Infective Endocarditis 871Michael H. Gewitz & Kathryn A. Taubert61 Rheumatic Fever 888Shaji C. Menon & Lloyd Y. Tani62 Rheumatic Heart Disease 905Raman Krishna Kumar63 Kawasaki Disease 919Hirohisa Kato & Kenji Suda64 Hypertension in Children and Adolescents 938Bonita Falkner65 Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Obesity, Diabetes, and Lipids 954William A. Neal, Collin John & Alia Rai66 Cardiac Tumors 963Saroja Bharati67 Connective Tissue Disorders 969Lut Van Laer & Bart Loeys68 Cardiac Involvement in the Mucopolysaccharide Disorders 982Elizabeth A. Braunlin69 Cardiovascular Manifestations of Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases 992Bryce A. Binstadt70 Pediatric Heart Transplantation 1001Rebecca Ameduri & Charles E. Canter71 Cardiac Failure 1021Beth D. Kaufman, Kimberly Y. Lin, Akash R. Patel, Maryam Y. Naim, Maully J. Shah & Robert E. Shaddy72 Pediatric Cardiology in the Tropics and Underdeveloped Countries 1032Andrea Beaton, Stephanie Lacey, Tom Mwambu, Charles Mondo, Peter Lwabi & Craig SableIndex 1047